po

before, in front of

po, pó prep. "before, in front of" (of spatial relationships) "after" (of time), also opo or pono, poto- (VT49:12, 32, VT44:36; evidently a variant of apa)

pó

preposition. before, in front (of place); after (of time)

pono

pono

pono, see po, pó

pota-

verb. pota-

pota-, see po, pó

póna

forward

póna adv. "forward" (VT49:12), also ompa

póna

adverb. forward

opo

before, in front of

opo prep. "before, in front of" (of spatial relationships); "after" (of time), also pó, po or pono, poto (VT49:12, VT44:36, evidently a variant of apa).

opo

preposition. before, in front (of place); after (of time)

opo

before, ahead, in front of

poco

noun. bag

póto

noun. paw

A neologism for “paw” coined by Luinyelle posted on 2024-12-06 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), derived from ᴹ√POT “animal’s foot”.

linya

pool

linya noun "pool" (LIN1)

lóna

pool, mere

lóna (1) noun "pool, mere" (VT42:10). Variant of lón, lónë above?

nendë

pool

nendë (1) noun "pool" (NEN), "lake" (PE17:52)

nénuvar

pool of lilles

nénuvar noun "pool of lilles" (LT1:248)

nendë

noun. lake, lake, [ᴹQ.] pool

A word for “lake” (PE17/52) or “pool” (Ety/NEN), derived from the root √NEN “water”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared in both The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NEN) and notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37) with the same basic meaning and derivation.

penya

adjective. lacking, inadequate, lacking, inadequate; *poor

An adjective for “lacking” or “inadequate” in notes associated with the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, appearing in both its plural and singular forms (VT39/6, 19). It is likely based on the root √PEN “lack, be without” from the main Quendi and Eldar document (WJ/375).

Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger used penya to mean “poor” in his NQNT (NQNT).

ailo

lake, pool

ailo noun "lake, pool" (LT2:339; Tolkien's later Quenya has ailin)

ompa

forward

ompa adv. "forward" (VT49:12), also póna

penno

noun. poor man

A neologism for a “poor man” coined by Tamas Ferencz appearing in VQP (VQP) derived from √PEN “lack”.

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

nén

noun. water, water, [ᴱQ.] river

The word for “water”, a derivative of the root √NEN of the same meaning (PE17/52; Ety/NEN). Its stem form was nen- (Ety/NEN) and its primitive form was given as ✶nē̆n, the vowel length variation due to distinct subjective nēn versus objective/inflected nĕn- in ancient monosyllables (PE21/64).

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with two senses: “river” and (archaic) “†water”. Tolkien indicated the two senses were based on distinct roots: ᴱ√NEŘE [NEÐE] and ᴱ√NENE respectively, with two distinct stem forms nend- and nēn (QL/64-65). The Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa also mentions the forms nen (nēn-) “water” versus nen(d-) “river” (PME/64-65). In the English-Qenya Dictionary of the mid-1920s Tolkien had both nēn “river” (PE15/76) and nēn “water” (PE15/78), but in the Early Qenya Grammar he had only nēn “water” (PE14/43, 72), also appearing as nen “water” in documents on The Valmaric Script from this period (PE14/110).

In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had ᴹQ. nēn “water”, but in this document it had nēn- with long ē in its inflected forms as well (PE21/23). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, uninflected nén “water” had a stem form of nen- with short e (Ety/NEN), and the reasons for this variation was discussed in Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936, the nominative/objective distinction noted above (PE21/64). This seems to be the paradigm Tolkien stuck with thereafter, as evidenced by S. nen “water” rather than ✱✱nîn.

tál

noun. foot, foot; [ᴹQ.] bottom, [ᴱQ.] lowest part

The Quenya word for “foot” derived from the root √TAL of similar meaning (PE19/103; VT49/17; Ety/TAL). Given its Sindarin cognate S. tâl (not ✱✱taul) its ancient stem form must have had a short vowel, with the long vowel in the uninflected form the result of the subjective noun case which lengthened the base vowel of monosyllables (PE21/76). Q. tál could also refer to the bottom of things (PE21/21, 76) analogous to English “foot of the mountain” and similar phrases.

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was ᴱQ. tala “foot” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TALA “support” (QL/88), a form also appearing in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/88). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s it became ᴱQ. tál with plural tăli indicating an ancient short vowel (PE14/43, 76). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, ᴹQ. tāl had inflected forms with tal-, again indicating a short vowel in the stem (PE21/21), and likewise with the (1930s-style) genitive form talen in The Etymologies written around 1937 (Ety/TAL). Most of its later appearances also imply a short vowel in the stem, the main exception being the plural form táli in the 1950s version of the Nieninquë “poem”.

Uinen

water

Uinen (Uinend-, as in dative Uinenden) fem. name, used of a Maia, spouse of Ossë (UY, NEN). Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:404), though it is also said that it contains -nen "water" (SA:nen); the latter explanation may be folk etymology. In the Etymologies, the name is derived from the same stem (UY) as uilë "long trailing plant, especially seaweed".

ailin

g.sg. ailinen

ailin ("g.sg. ailinen", in Tolkien's later Quenya dat.sg.) "pool, lake" (AY, LIN1, LT2:339). Fem. name Ailinel (likely Ailinell-), perhaps ailin + the feminine ending -el (as in aranel "princess"), hence "Lake-woman" or similar (UT:210).

epë

before

epë prep. "before" ("in all relations but time", VT49:32), though the word was glossed "after" when first published (VT42:32; Bill Welden, the writer of the article in question, later presented this correction in VT44:38). The preposition can indeed express "after" when used of time, since the Eldar imagined future time (time that comes after the present) as being "before" them (VT49:12, 32); epë is in this respect a variant of apa, q.v. (Cf. VT49:22.) Compare epessë, q.v. Epë "before" may also be used in comparison (PE17:56, 57), apparently in much the same way as lá #2 (q.v.) (VT42:32)

nó

before

nó (3) prep. "before" (of time, compare nóvo), "at back" (of spatial relationships). In other conceptual phases, Tolkien also let the word have the opposite meaning "after" (of time) or "in front" (of space). (VT49:32).

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

cairë

?. [unglossed]

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

epeni

adverb. before

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

finca

noun. [unglossed]

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

háro

?. [unglossed]

malsa

?. [unglossed]

naue

?. [unglossed]

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

sélo

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

éna

?. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

formen

noun. north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]

forna

adjective. northern

hríva

place name. [unglossed]

maitya

?. [unglossed]

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

máriel

feminine name. [unglossed]

níva

?. [unglossed]

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

urra

adjective. bad

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

Formen

north

Formen noun "north" (SA:men), also name of tengwa #10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen). In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" (SA:formen). Allative formenna, VT49:26.

Nénar

water

Nénar noun name of a star (or planet), evidently derived from nén "water" (Silm), tentatively identified with Uranus (MR:435)

Tormen

north

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

engwa

sickly

engwa adj. "sickly"; nominal pl. Engwar "the Sickly", Elvish name of Mortal Men (Silm, GENG-WĀ)

engwa

adjective. sickly

An adjective for “sickly” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√GENG-WA “sick” (Ety/GENG-WĀ), used in its noun plural form ᴹQ. Engwar “The Sickly” as a name for Men (LR/245). Christopher Tolkien kept Engwar in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/103).

formenya

northern

formenya adj. "northern" (PHOR)

forna

northern

forna adj. "northern" (PE17:18)

fortë

northern

fortë (stem *forti- given the primitive form ¤phoroti) adj. "northern" (PHOR)

hendas

?. [unglossed]

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

lumbë

gloom, shadow

lumbë noun "gloom, shadow" (LUM)

nén

water

nén (nen-) noun "water" (NEN).

penya

lacking, inadequate

penya adj. "lacking, inadequate"; pl. penyë in penyë tengwi "lacking signs", "inadequate signs"; in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for vowels with no preceding consonant, held (in many cases incorrectly) to have lost such a consonant (VT39:6, 8)

quárë

fist

quárë (also quár) noun "fist" _(SA:celeb, KWAR; in the Etymologies, Tolkien first wrote _quár pl. quari, and quár is also found in PM:318 and VT47:8, in the latter case changed from quárë, VT47:22. As usual, the spelling of the Etym forms shows q instead of qu_.) _According to PM:318 and VT47:8, the "chief use [of this word] was in reference to the tightly closed hand as in using an implement or a craft-tool rather than to the 'fist' as used in punching".

tele

verb. mean, intend

vainë

sheath

vainë noun "sheath" (LT1:271)

yaru

gloom, blight

yaru noun "gloom, blight" (GL:37)

ú-

prefix. bad, uneasy, hard

porennin

?. [unglossed]

pôd

noun. animal’s foot

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “animal’s foot” derived from the (Noldorin only?) root ᴹ√POTŌ of the same meaning (Ety/POTŌ). It had a Noldorin-style plural pŷd. Its Sindarin-style plural might instead be ✱puid; compare thuin plural of S. thôn “pine” (PE17/81). Based on the example tad-dail “two-legged” referring to two legged beasts (WJ/388), it seems tâl “foot” can be used to refer to the feet of both people and animals, so that tâl is a more general term than pôd. This makes pôd comparable to words for more specialized kinds of feet such as hoof, paw, etc.

pôd

noun. animal's foot

oelinuial

place name. Pools of Twilight

Earlier name of S. Aelin-uial in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/AY) appearing along with variants Elinuial (Ety/KHIS, MBOTH, MUY) and Lhîn Uial (Ety/MUY). All these names contain uial “twilight” as well as a word for “pools”, either the plural of oel or (plural?) lhîn. In the narratives of this period, however, the name already appeared in its later form Aelin-uial (LR/262).

hithliniath

place name. Pools of Mist

A Noldorin name for Ilk. Umboth Muilin in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, translated “Pools of Mist” (LR/262, footnote). In The Etymologies it was given as a combination of hîth “mist” and the lenited class-plural of lhîn “pool” (Ety/KHIS).

lhîn

noun. pool

oel

noun. pool, lake

lhîn

noun. pool

liniath

noun. pools

foeg

adjective. mean, poor, bad

both

noun. puddle, small pool

foeg

adjective. mean, poor, bad

nen

noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)

oel

noun. lake, pool, mere

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rhimb

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

palath-ledin

place name. Gladden Fields

Earliest Elvish name for the Gladden Fields appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/114), a combination of palath “iris” and a plural (possibly Ilkorin) form of lhad “plain”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.8).

maur

noun. gloom

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “gloom” appearing under the root ᴹ√MOR (Ety/MOR). A nearby primitive form ᴹ✶mǭri is the likely basis for this word as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/MOR), where the primitive ǭ became au as was the usual sound change in both Noldorin and later Sindarin (PE18/46, 96).

nith

?. [unglossed]

níth

?. [unglossed]

diragas

?. [unglossed]

fervein

adjective. northern

forod

noun. north

forven

noun. north

gem

adjective. sickly

An adjective for “sickly” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√GENG-WA “sick” (Ety/GENG-WĀ), where the ancient cluster ngw became mb as usual in Noldorin and Sindarin.

menwed

?. [unglossed]

nen

noun. water

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

paur

noun. fist

telwen

?. [unglossed]

adwen

noun. [unglossed]

An untranslated word appearing in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the late 1940s or early 1950s (PE23/26). It might be a later iteration of G. adhwen “approach, avenue” from the 1910s, or is perhaps related to S. adu and ᴹQ. atwa “double”.

borth

?. [unglossed]

clei

?. [unglossed]

coen

?. [unglossed]

mauth

?. [unglossed]

drambor

noun. clenched fist

drambor

noun. blow (with fist)

flaew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

forod

noun. north

forodren

adjective. northern

forodren

adjective. northern

forven

noun. north

gem

adjective. sickly

gemb

adjective. sickly

lhorn

noun. quiet water

lhorn

noun. anchorage, harbour

maur

noun. gloom

nen

noun. waterland

ogol < ogl

gloom

n/adj gloom, gloomy

paur

noun. fist (often used to mean "hand", its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching)

thlaew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

thloew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

tâl

noun. foot

um

adjective. bad, evil

pôg

noun. bag

A neologism coined by Sami Paldanius, the Sindarin equivalent of ᴱQ. poko “bag”.

pôd

foot

(of animal) pôd (i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. pŷd (i phŷd).

pôd

foot

(i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. p**ŷd (i ph**ŷd).

pôd

animals foot

pôd (i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. pŷd (i phŷd)

pôd

animal’s foot

(i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. p**ŷd (i ph**ŷd)

lîn

noun. pool, mere

A word for “pool” or “lake”, appearing as an element in the name Linaewen “Lake of Birds” (S/119; UT/401). As an independent word it is probably ✱lîn, and it is probably a derivative of the root √LIN of similar meaning (PE17/145, 160).

Conceptual Development: The earliest obvious precursor to this word is ᴱN. lhuin “pool” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as N. lhîn “pool”, a derivative of the root ᴹ√LIN “pool” and cognate to ᴹQ. linya (Ety/LIN¹). Remnants of the ancient y can be seen in its (lenited) class plural liniath in the name N. Hithliniath “Pools of Mist” (Ety/KHIS; LR/262). It cannot be a direct cognate of its Quenya form, however, at it has no signs of a-affection. Christopher Tolkien mentioned the name element lin “pool, mere” in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/lin), though whether it was intended to be a primitive form or a Sindarin word isn’t clear.

Neo-Sindarin: I think it is best to simply adapt the Noldorin form into (Neo) Sindarin as lîn, perhaps derived from primitive ✱linyē and hence with class plural liniath.

Loeg Ningloron

noun. pools of golden water-flowers (Gladden Fields)

loeg (“pool”), nîn (pl. of nen “water”) + glaur (“golden”) + on (#Nan. suffix, like in Galathon)

loeg

noun. pool

loeg

noun. pool

lîn

noun. pool

ael

noun. lake, pool

A noun for “lake, pool”, appearing as an element in Aeluin “✱Blue Lake” and Aelin-uial “Meres of Twilight” (S/114, 122). The latter name has its plural form aelin = “meres, ✱pools, lakes”.

Conceptual Development: This word had a long history as a cognate to Q. ailin; although the Quenya form was quite stable, the Gnomish/Noldorin/Sindarin forms went through a number of changes. The earliest iterations of this word appeared in in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. ail “a lake, pool” or G. ailion “lake” (GL/17). In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips the latter became {ailin >>} eilin “pool” (PE13/113). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. ailin “lake” with plural form ailiniath from Old Noldorin oilin (PE13/136, 158).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had N. oel “pool, lake” derived from primitive ᴹ✶ailin, a combination of the root ᴹ√AY and ᴹ√LIN (Ety/AY, LIN¹). In that document, its plural form was oelin (Ety/AY), where the plural preserved the final n that was lost in the singular. In The Etymologies it was an element of N. Oelinuial “Pools of Twilight” (Ety/AY), but in the contemporaneous narratives this name was Aelin-uial (LR/262), as it was in later Sindarin (S/114, 122). This reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on the development of the diphthong ai in Noldorin.

In The Silmarillion appendix Christopher Tolkien implied the regular Sindarin form of this word was aelin (SA/aelin), but more likely this was the plural form in Sindarin, as oelin was the plural in Noldorin.

nen

noun. water; lake, pool; (lesser) river, water; lake, pool; (lesser) river, [ᴱN.] stream

A noun for “water”, also regularly applied to bodies of water like lakes, pools and rivers, especially in names like S. Bruinen “Loudwater” (a river) and S. Nen Echui “Water of Awakening” (an inland sea).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where {nen >>} G. nenn “water; river” appeared (GL/60), a derivative of the early root ᴱ√NENE “flow” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Neni Erúmëar; QL/65). ᴱN. nen and nenn appeared in various Early Noldorin documents from the 1920s with glosses like “stream” (PE13/123), “water” (PE13/151), and “water, river” (PE13/164), but in this period Tolkien indicated the primitive form was ninda (PE13/123, 164). This seems to have been a transient idea, since in The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave N. nen “water” as a derivative of ᴹ√NEN (Ety/NEN), and this derivation appeared in Tolkien’s later writings as well (PE17/52).

ael

noun. lake, pool, mere

aelin

noun. lake, pool

faeg

adjective. mean, poor, bad

nen

noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

ael

pool

1) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)

ael

pool

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

faeg

poor

faeg (bad, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)

faeg

poor

(bad, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)

loeg

pool

loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

loeg

pool

(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

lîn

pool

lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîn

pool

(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

both

small pool

(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.

faeg

adjective. mean, poor, bad

rim

cold pool or lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

ael

lake

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

both

puddle

both (i moth) (small pool), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read *bôth in Sindarin.

both

puddle

(i moth) (small pool), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.

dond

fist

1) dond (i dhond; construct don) (hand), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23). 2) paur (i baur, o phaur, also -bor in compounds) (tightly closed hand), pl. poer (i phoer), coll. pl. porath. or

faeg

mean

(adj.) faeg (poor, bad); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.

faeg

mean

(poor, bad); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.

faeg

bad

*faeg (poor, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)

faeg

bad

(poor, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)

lîn

lake

1) lîn (pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #liniath (isolated from Hithliniath, WJ:194). 2) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 3) nên (water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn**. **

lîn

lake

(pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194).

nên

water

nên (lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn. FLOOD-WATER (or ”wash”) iôl (pl. ŷl) (RC:334, VT48:33).

nên

water

(lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

nên

lake

(water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

paur

fist

(i baur, o phaur, also -bor in compounds) (tightly closed hand), pl. poer (i phoer), coll. pl. porath.

thel

mean

(verb) ?thel- (intend, purpose, resolve, will)

thel

mean

(intend, purpose, resolve, will)

tâl

foot

(body-part and unit of measure) tâl (i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.

tâl

foot

(i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

hand

noun. [unglossed]

maud

?. [unglossed]

dond

noun. fist

A word for “fist” appearing as dond or donn only in draft notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s derived from primitive ✶dond(a) (VT47/23 note #25). A more usual word for “fist” is S. paur.

forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

forod

noun. north

for-

prefix. north

dond

noun. fist, hand (especially in punching)

donn

noun. fist, hand (especially in punching)

donn

noun. fist

forod

noun. north

forod

adjective. northern

_adj. _northern. Q. forna. >> for, Forochel

fuir

adjective. north

fuir

adjective. north

@@@ likely from [pʰorja] as suggested by David Salo (GS/255), thus a later version of than feir “right (hand)” with a different phonetic development. In the 2008 version of his Sindarin Dictionary, Didier Willis suggested fair as the Sindarized form of N. feir (HSD/fair), but more recent research indicates that fuir < ✱phorya is more likely, as suggested to me in a private chat by Elaran on 2018-08-26; see the entry on how [[s|[œi] became [ui] or [y]]] in Sindarin for further details.

lhaew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

loeg ningloron

place name. Gladden Fields

lorn

noun. quiet water

lorn

noun. anchorage, harbour

lô

noun. shallow lake, fenland

madu

?. [unglossed]

nen

noun. waterland

nen

water

{ĕ}_ n. _water, lake. Q. nén. >> nîn

ogol

bad

_ adj. _bad, evil, wrong. Q. olca bad, wicked. oklā << ōklā. >> oew, ogron

paur

noun. fist (often used to mean "hand", its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching)

paur

fist

(baur) _ n. _fist. Q. quáre. >> Celebrimbor

pen

adverb. lacking

adv. lacking, without.

thu

bad

_adj. _bad. >> thugar. This gloss was rejected.

daw

gloom

1) daw (i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath; 2) dim (i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”. 3) fuin (darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 4) maur (i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)

daw

gloom

(i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath

dim

gloom

(i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”.

dond

fist

(i dhond; construct don) (hand), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).

fervain

northern

fervain (no distinct pl. form) (VT46:10)

fervain

adjective. northern

fervain

northern

(no distinct pl. form) (VT46:10)

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

fuin

gloom

(darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.

gem

sickly

gem (lenited em, pl. gim).

gem

sickly

gem (lenited em, pl. gim)

lorn

quiet water

(anchorage, haven, harbour), pl. lyrn (VT45:29).

lô

shallow lake

(fenland), pl. lŷ.

maur

gloom

(i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)

pen

lacking

(lenited ben) (without, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.

telluin

sole of the foot

(i delluin, o thelluin), pl. tellyn (i thellyn). *Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” telloein, tellen (LR:384 s.v. *

um

bad

um (evil), pl. ym. David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. (According to VT46:20, it may be that um is intended as a base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word.)

um

bad

(evil), pl. ym. David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. *(According to VT46:20, it may be that um is intended as a base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word.)*

loeg

noun. pool

@@@ as suggested by Lokyt, possibly a plural form of unattested log, since it is glossed in the plural in the source material: “pools”

lin

root. pool, mere, lake

A root for “pool, mere, lake” appearing in etymological notes from 1957 (PE17/145, 160), and also appearing as ᴹ√LIN “pool” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIN¹). In both instances it was the second element in Q. ailin “(large) lake”, and so connected to S. ael “lake” (N. oel) as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (SA/lin¹). In the 1957 notes Tolkien said the root √LIN had a “Sindarin differentiation > glin-” (PE17/160), but I can find no indication of this in any attested words.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was connected to ᴹ√LINKWI with derivatives ᴹQ. linqe/N. lhimp “wet” and N. lhimmid “moisten” (Ety/LINKWI; EtyAC/LINKWI). This is turn was probably a later iteration of the early root ᴱ√LIQI “flow, water; clear, transparent” with derivatives like ᴱQ. linqe “water”, ᴱQ. liqin(a) “wet” and ᴱQ. liqis(tea) “transparence (transparent)” (QL/54). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is best to assume the “wetness” senses were transferred to ᴹ√LINKWI, but I think it is worth positing a Neo-Eldarin root ✱ᴺ√LIKWIS “clear, transparent” to preserve words associated with tranparency.

This root may be associated with √LIN “make a musical sound”; see that entry for details.

nen

root. water, water, [ᴱ√] flow

A root connected to water and (to a lesser extent) rivers for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appearance was as ᴱ√NENE “flow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, though Tolkien marked both the root and the gloss with a “?”; it had derivatives like ᴱQ. nen “river, †water” and ᴱQ. nēnu “yellow water lily” (QL/65). Under this entry Tolkien noted that “nen water is perhaps different from nen river, which is from neře” (QL/65); elsewhere in QL Tolkien gave ᴱ√NERE² or ᴱ√NEŘE [NEÐE] as the basis for nen (nend-) “river”, a root he said was often confused with ᴱ√NESE “give to feed; feed, pasture; graze” (QL/66). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon he had G. nenn “(1) water, (2) river” and G. nendil “water fay” which were probably a blending of NENE and NEÐE, as well as G. nern “brook” from ✱nere¹ (GL/60), probably corresponding to ᴱ√NERE² from QL.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had unglossed ᴹ√NEN with derivatives like ᴹQ. nén/N. nen “water” and ᴹQ. nelle “brook” (Ety/NEN), whereas ᴱ√NERE² and ᴱ√NEÐE from the 1910s seems to have been abandoned. The primitive form √NEN or nē̆n “water” continued to appear regularly in Tolkien’s writings from the 1940s, 50s and 60s (PE17/52, 167; PE19/102; PE21/64, 79).

lemek

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.

nē̆n

noun. water

tāl

noun. foot

nenda

noun. water

phut

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).

sal

root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre

The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.

stuk

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected section of the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, serving to illustration certain phonetic developments: ✶stuknā > Q. thúna (PE19/86).

tig

root. [unglossed]

A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).

dond(a)

noun. fist

kwāra

noun. fist

graw Reconstructed

root. [unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart

This root appeared as a primitive form grawa serving as the basis of the word Q. roa “bear” >> “dog” in notes on monosyllabic roots from 1968 (VT47/35); a Sindarin derivative S. graw “bear” appeared in other notes written around the same time (VT47/12). Patrick Wynne suggested that in the sense “bear” grawa might be connected to the root ᴹ√GRAWA “dark, swart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GRAWA).

zâram

noun. pool, lake

ló

noun. pool, bathing place

donda

noun. fist

fuinë

noun. gloom

pár

noun. fist

asdi

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation (pronounced [azdi]) without giving its meaning (SD/421).

dâur

noun. gloom

A noun translated as “gloom” derived from the root √DAWAR (SD/423). It is an example of how primitive [[ad|[w] and [j] became [u] and [i] before consonants and finally]], thereby producing diphthongs.

sapda

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation without giving its meaning (SD/421).