ormë

haste, violence, wrath

ormë (1) noun "haste, violence, wrath", "rushing" (GOR, KHOR)

ormë

summit, crest

ormë (2) noun "summit, crest" (LT1:256; this "Qenya" word is probably obsoleted by # 1 above)

hormë

urgency

hormë noun "urgency" (confused with ormë "rushing") (KHOR; originally glossed "encouragement, comfort", VT45:22)

ornë

tree

ornë noun "tree" _(Letters:308, SD:302: "when smaller and more slender like a birch or rowan", Etym stem ÓR-NI: "tree, high isolated tree"). For the etymology, see Letters:426; for (original) difference in meaning between ornë and alda, see alda. In ornemalin "tree-yellow"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... (LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308), also as final element in malinornë "yellow-tree, mallorn" (q.v.) Masc. name Ornendil *"Tree-friend" (Appendix A)_, compound Ornelië "tree-folk" (Quenya name of the Galadhrim, the tree-people of Lórien) (TI:239).

alda

tree

alda noun "tree" (GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7), also name of tengwa #28 (Appendix E). Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada (sic) referred to "a plant (large) and was a general term". Place-name Aldalómë ""tree-night" or "tree-shade-night" (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82); Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of (the) Trees" (Appendix A), Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King (UT:210). Aldaron a name of Oromë (Silm); aldinga "tree-top" (VT47:28), aldarembina (pl. aldarembinë attested) adj. "tree-tangled", the cognate of Sindarin galadhremmin**(PM:17:26).Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees (Appendix D). The word seems to include Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa (presumably < aldajā), referring to one tree (the White) only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië** "Lament for the Two Trees" (a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did) (Silm)

alda

noun. tree

alda

noun. tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch

The basic Quenya word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. alda “tree” appeared under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Tolkien seems to have switched its derivation to ✱galadā in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where ᴹQ. alda “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD of the same meaning (Ety/GALAD). See also ornë “(tall) tree” for a discussion of another similar word.

Conceptual Development: There were a few instances where the word alda had a different meaning. In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, alda was glossed “branch” (PE16/139). In notes from 1959 Tolkien said “✱galadā, originally only large flourishing plant, as tree, and especially one that flowered, Q alda, S galað; the general word for ‘tree’ was Q orne ‘upstanding plant’ (PE17/153)”. But in its numerous appearance elsewhere, alda was simply a general word for “tree”.

Cognates

• S. galadh “tree” ✧ Let/426; LotR/1113; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda; NM/352
• Nan. galad “tree” ✧ PE17/050
• T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352

Derivations

• ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; VT39/07
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153
• √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ PE22/160

Element in

• Q. Aldalómë “Tree-twilight” ✧ RC/385
• Q. Aldamir “*Tree Jewel”
• Q. Aldanil “Lover of Trees”
• Q. aldarembina “tree-meshed” ✧ PE17/135
• Q. Aldarion “*Son of Trees”
• Q. Aldaron “Lord of Forests, (lit.) Of Trees” ✧ SA/alda
• Q. Aldëa “*Tuesday, Tree-day (Númenórean)”
• ᴺQ. aldeon “avenue (of trees)”
• Q. aldinga “tree-top”
• Q. Aldudénië “Lament for the Two Trees” ✧ MR/100; SA/alda
• Q. Aldúya “*Tuesday, Day of the Two Trees”
• Q. culumalda “laburnum, *(lit.) orange-tree”
• ᴺQ. eccalda “cactus, (lit.) spine tree”
• Q. Malinalda “Tree of Gold” ✧ SA/alda
• ᴺQ. milpialda “olive tree”
• Q. Nísimaldar “Fragrant Trees” ✧ UT/167
• ᴺQ. paltalda “palm tree”
• ᴺQ. relyávalda “fig-tree”
• Q. yéni únótimë ve rámar aldaron “long years numberless as the wings of trees” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. yéni únótimë ve aldaron rámar “long-years not-countable as trees’ wings” ✧ RGEO/58

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ Let/426
✶galada > alda	[galada] > [galda] > [ɣalda] > [alda]	✧ NM/352
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/025
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/050
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/063
✶galadā > ʒalaðā > ʒalðā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [ɣalðā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/135
✶galadā́ > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/153
✶galadā > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE17/153
√GAL > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ PE22/160
✶ʒalda > alda	[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]	✧ VT39/07

Variations

• Alda ✧ RC/385

orn

noun. (any large) tree

galadh

noun. tree

galadh

tree

_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

galadh

tree

{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

galadh

noun. tree

The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.

Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).

Cognates

• Nan. galad “tree” ✧ MR/182; PE17/060
• Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ Let/426; LotR/1113; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda; NM/352

Derivations

• ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; UT/266
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

Element in

• S. Bregalad “Quickbeam; (lit.) Quick (Lively) Tree”
• S. Caras Galadhon “City of the Trees” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; SA/alda; UT/267
• S. Caras i-Ngelaidh “City of the Trees” ✧ PE17/060
• S. Galadhon
• S. galadhremmen “tree-meshed” ✧ PE17/136
• S. Galadhrim “Tree-people” ✧ Let/426; PE17/050; SA/alda; UT/267
• S. Galadlóriel “Golden Rain, (lit.) Golden Tree”
• S. Galador
• S. Galadriel “Glittering-garland” ✧ SA/kal; UT/267
• S. Galadwen
• S. Galathilion “White Tree”
• S. Gelennil “Lover of Trees”
• S. lais geledhion “leaves of trees” ✧ PE17/097
• S. o galadhremmin ennorath “from tree-tangled middle-lands” ✧ PE17/025
• S. Orgaladh “Day of the Tree, *Tuesday”
• S. Orgaladhad “Day of the Two Trees, *Tuesday”
• S. si loth a galadh lasto dîn “*here flower and tree listen [in] silence” ✧ LB/354

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ Let/426
✶galada > galað	[galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ NM/352
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/025
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/050
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/063
✶galadā > galaða > galað > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/135
✶galadā́ > galað	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/153
✶galadā > galað	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ PE17/153
✶galadā > galadh	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ UT/266

Variations

• galað ✧ MR/182; MR/470; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/060; PE17/153; PE17/153

oron

noun. tree

n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn

malhorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

mallorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

malthorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

lebethron

noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor

In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)

orn

tree

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

galadh

tree

1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

galadh

tree

(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).

lebethron

oak tree

.

huorn

walking tree of fangorn

(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).

nothlir

family tree

(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien). Adj.

toss

low-growing tree

(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see

taen

high mountain

(i daen, o thaen) (height), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaen). Note: a homophone means ”long (and thin)”.

galadhon

of or related to trees

(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.

galada

noun. tree

Cognates

• Nan. galad “tree”
• Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ NM/352

Derivations

• ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ NM/352
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

galla

noun. tree

Changes

• galda → galla ✧ VT39/19

Variations

• galda ✧ VT39/19 (galda)

galad

noun. tree

Cognates

• S. galadh “tree” ✧ MR/182; PE17/060
• Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ PE17/050
• T. galada “tree”

Derivations

• ✶galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ PE17/050
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

Element in

• Nan. Galadrim “Tree-people” ✧ PE17/050
• Nan. Caras Galadon ✧ PE17/060

Variations

• Galad ✧ PE17/060

galad

noun. tree

>> Galadrim

galad

noun. tree

Derived from galadâ "great growth", "tree", applied to stout and spreading trees such as oaks and beeches (UT:266, Letters:426; in the latter source, the root GAL is defined as "grow", intransitive). It is interesting to notice that this word, given in a source much later than the Etymologies that provides most of the Nandorin material, nonetheless agrees well with the older words cited by Tolkien: again we see the loss of original final -â, whereas original post-vocalic d is unchanged as in the word edel.

orǭmē

masculine name. Orome

Derivations

• √ROM “horn noise, horn noise; [ᴹ√] loud noise” ✧ PE17/153

Derivatives

• Q. Oromë “Horn-Blowing” ✧ PE17/099; PE17/153; PE21/81
• S. Araw “Oromë” ✧ PE17/099; PE17/153

Variations

• Oromē ✧ PE17/099; PE21/81
• Orōmē ✧ PE21/82

araw

masculine name. Orome

Changes

• Ramr → Araw ✧ WR/292

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Orome ✧ Ety/ORÓM; Ety/ROM; PE22/037; WRI/Oromë

Derivations

• On. Araume “Orome” ✧ Ety/ORÓM; PE22/037; PE22/040
  • ᴹ✶Orǭmē ✧ Ety/ORÓM; PE22/037
  • ᴹ√(O)ROM “loud noise, horn blast” ✧ Ety/ORÓM
• ᴹ√(O)ROM “loud noise, horn blast” ✧ Ety/ROM

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. Araume > Araw	[araume] > [araum] > [arauv] > [arau]	✧ Ety/ORÓM
On. Araume > Aráw > Ara͠uƀ > Aróu̯mh > Áraw	[araume] > [araum] > [arauv] > [arau]	✧ PE22/037

Variations

• Áraw ✧ PE22/037
• Ramr ✧ WR/292 (Ramr)

orn

noun. (any large) tree

orn

noun. tree

Cognates

• ᴹQ. orne “(high isolated) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ornē “(high) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI; SD/302
  • ᴹ√ORON “high tree”
  • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/ORO

Element in

• N. Brethorn “Forest of Brethil” ✧ EtyAC/NEL
• N. Keleborn
• N. Celeborn “Tree of Silver”
• N. Fangorn “Treebeard”
• N. mallorn “gold tree”
• N. Melthinorn “Tree of Gold” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > orn	[orni] > [orne] > [orn]	✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > yrn	[ornī] > [orni] > [urni] > [yrni] > [yrn]	✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
ᴹ✶ornē > orn	[ornē] > [orne] > [orn]	✧ SD/302

galadh

noun. tree

galadh

noun. tree

Cognates

• ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/047; SD/302

Derivations

• ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
• ᴹ✶galadā “tree” ✧ SD/302
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Element in

• N. Bregalad “Quickbeam”
• N. Caras Galadon
• N. Galathir “Tree-lord” ✧ TI/249
• N. Galdaran
• N. Galadhon
• N. Galadhor ✧ Ety/GALAD
• N. Galadlevnar “Week of the Trees”
• N. Galadloriel “Golden Rain” ✧ Ety/GALAD
• N. Galador ✧ Ety/GALAD
• N. Galadriel
• N. Galadhrien “Tree-lady” ✧ TI/249
• N. Galathilion “White Tree of Valinor” ✧ Ety/GALAD (Galathilvion); Ety/GALAD
• N. Argalad “Tree Day”
• N. Argaladath “*Day of the Trees”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶galadā > galað	[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]	✧ SD/302

Variations

• galað ✧ SD/302
• Galað ✧ TI/249