horn

adjective. driven under compulsion, impelled (to do something)

horn

adjective. driven under compulsion, impelled

till

noun. horn

rhasg

noun. horn

tarag

noun. horn

fanuiras

place name. Horn of Cloud

Earliest name for Fanuidhol in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s glossed “Horn of Cloud” (TI/174), a combination of fanui “cloudy” and the lenited form of rhas “horn”.

feleg

noun. (animal’s) horn; steep mountain peak

A deleted word in The Etymologies of the 1930s, the only derivative of the deleted root ᴹ√PHELEK “(animal’s) horn; steep mountain peak” and thus probably of similar meaning (EtyAC/PHELÉK). In later writings, S. feleg was a word for “cave”.

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side

A noun appearing as N. rhafn “wing (horn), extended point at side” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶ramna under the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. ravn for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since (a) initial r did not become voiceless rh in Sindarin and (b) vn is more representative of the actual pronunciation; compare: S. tavn “thing made by handicraft” (PE17/107).

tarag

noun. horn; steep mountain peak

A noun for “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK “horn (of animals)” (Ety/TARÁK). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien wrote that it was also used for “steep mountain pass” (LR/391), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated that J.R.R. Tolkien’s actual words were “steep mountain peak” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/17). This word appeared in the name N. Taragaer “Ruddyhorn”, a precursor to Caradhras in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (RS/419, 433).

Conceptual Development: A similar word G. târ “a horn” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/69), equivalent to ᴱQ. taru “horn” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/89).

nimdil

place name. White Horn

nimdildor

place name. High White Horn

rhas

noun. horn [of both animals and mountains]

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

rhas

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

rhasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

tild

noun. horn, point

till

noun. horn, point

rhascaron

place name. Redhorn

Earlier name of Caradhras “Redhorn” in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/433). Its elements were reversed, with rhas “horn” first and caran “red” second.

caradras

place name. Redhorn

rhomru

noun. sound of horns

ered nimras

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/168), with singular ras “horn” instead of plural rais “horns”. The plural was introduced later (WR/288).

ered nimrath

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/137), with a final element rath “course” (“?climb”) instead of rais “horns”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.14). It also appeared as Hebel Nimrath (WR/167).

caraes

noun. jagged hedge of spikes

carag

noun. spike, tooth of rock

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

egnas

noun. sharp point

egnas

noun. peak

egthel

noun. point (of spear)

hebel uilos

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s with the gloss “White Mountains” (WR/137). It is a combination of hebel and Uilos “Ever-snow”. The second element was initially (rejected) Orolos, perhaps meaning “?Mountain Snow” as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.14).

ment

noun. point

ment

noun. point

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “point” under the root ᴹ√MET “end” (Ety/MET).

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

nass

noun. angle or corner

nella-

verb. to sound (of bells)

rhû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

tarag

noun. steep mountain peak

thang

noun. compulsion, duress, need, oppression

thela

noun. point (of spear)

horn

impelled

horn (driven under compulsion), lenited chorn; pl. hyrn

horn

driven under compulsion

horn (impelled), lenited chorn; pl. hyrn

horn

driven under compulsion

horn (impelled), lenited chorn; pl. hyrnÛ: Û-

horn

driven under compulsion

(impelled), lenited chorn; pl. hyrn

horn

impelled

(driven under compulsion), lenited chorn; pl. hyrn

ras(s)

noun. horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]

A noun for “horn” appearing in notes on the name Caradhras “Redhorn” from the 1950s or 60s (PE17/36). This word was an element in other names as well, such as Methedras “Last Peak” and Nimras “White Horn”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. rhas “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RAS “stick up” (Ety/RAS). Christopher Tolkien gave it as rhaes in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to rhas in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/10). In The Etymologies it appeared beside an alternate form N. rhasg, equivalent to ᴹQ. rasko (Ety/RAS; EtyAC/RAS).

Neo-Sindarin: Some Neo-Sindarin writers adapt its variant form as ᴺS. rasg, but I recommend sticking to attested S. ras(s) for a “horn” of both animals and mountains.

rass

horn

_ n. _horn. >> Caradhras

rom

noun. horn, trumpet

A noun for “horn, trumpet” based on the root √ROM mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay written in 1959-1960 (WJ/400).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. rhom “horn, trumpet” under the root ᴹ√ROM (Ety/ROM), where the initial r was unvoiced as was usual in Noldorin of the 1930s (but not later Sindarin). The Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s had ᴱN. hont “trumpet, a trumpeting noise” (PE13/163), while the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. ligin “a curved horn, trump” (GL/54), clearly related to ᴱQ. likin “horn, curled horn” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/54).

barad nimras

place name. White Horn Tower

A tower raised by Finrod on the cape of Eglarest, translated “White Horn Tower” (S/120, SI/Barad Nimras). It is a combination of barad “tower”, nim “white”, and ras(s) “horn” (SA/barad, nim, ras).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this tower was first named N. Tindobel (LR/129, 265). In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien changed the name to the Tower of Ingildon (WJ/118, notes §90) and later to its final form Barad Nimras (WJ/197-8, notes §120).

till

noun. point, spike, (sharp) horn, tine, ending

A word meaning “tine, spike, point” (PE17/36) or “spike, sharp horn” (RC/775) as an element in names like S. Celebdil “Silvertine”. In a discussion of the word niphredil, Tolkien said til or -il meant “point, ending” (PE17/55).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. till “horn” as the cognate of ᴹQ. tilde “point, horn” under the root ᴹ√TIL “point, horn” (Ety/TIL).

Caradhras

noun. red horn

caran (“red”) + ras (“horn, mountain peak”) Dhr is < n-r in secondary contact; the original form of ras is probably rass with the final s dropped at the end of a polysyllable [HKF].

nimras

pale-horn

pl1. nimrais _n. _pale-horn, snow peak. Q. níquetil. >> nim

nimras

place name. White Horn

rafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

ras

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

rasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

rom

noun. horn, trumpet

caradhras

place name. Redhorn

Sindarin name of a peak in the Misty Mountains translated “Redhorn”, itself a translation of Kh. Barazinbar of the same meaning (LotR/283). This name is a combination of caran “red” and ras(s) “horn”, with the dh appearing because [[s|[nr] became [ðr]]] in the phonological history of Sindarin (LotR/1113, PE17/36).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien first considered and rejected the names N. Bliscarn and N. Carnbeleg before settling on N. Taragaer “Ruddyhorn” (RS/419, 433), with Taragaer also appearing in The Etymologies (Ety/TARÁK). In these early drafts, Tolkien also considered the names N. Caradras and Rhascaron (RS/433), and he eventually switched to Caradras >> Caradhras (TI/166), keeping the final name thereafter.

caran-rass

place name. Redhorn

The archaic form of Caradhras; see that entry for further discussion.

romru

noun. sound of horns

rom

horn

1. rom (trumpet), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath. (Cf. also romloth ”horn-flower”, tobacco.) 2) rass (mountain peak), pl. #rais** (idh rais). The pl. is attested in the name Ered Nimrais. Side-form rasc, rasg. 3) rafn (wing, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn); 4) tarag (i darag, o tharag), pl. teraig (i theraig**). The word may be used of a ”steep mountain peak” (VT46:17; ”steep mountain path” in LR:391 is a misreading).

rom

horn

(trumpet), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath. (Cf. also romloth ”horn-flower”, tobacco.)

aeg

horn

(point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.

rafn

horn

(wing, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn)

rasg

noun. horn

rass

horn

(mountain peak), pl. #rais (idh rais). The pl. is attested in the name Ered Nimrais. Side-form rasc, rasg.

tarag

horn

(i darag, o tharag), pl. teraig (i theraig). The word may be used of a ”steep mountain peak” (VT46:17; ”steep mountain path” in LR:391 is a misreading).

soethor

noun. drinking-horn

ravn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side

till

sharp horn

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

till

sharp horn

(i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.

till

sharp horn

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.

till

sharp horn

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.

Caradhras

Redhorn

The name is Sindarin and means Redhorn. It is composed of caran "red" and ras "horn". As a compound, the contact of n next to r presents a phenomenon similar to prestanneth: Caran-ras is assimilated to Caradhras.

Barazinbar (or also Baraz) is the literal Khuzdul translation of "Redhorn".

romru

sound of horns

pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry;

rû

sound of horns

pl. rui (idh rui), also romru, pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry

araw

masculine name. Oromë

The Sindarin name of Oromë (LotR/1039), a derivation of his Valarin name Arǭmēz (WJ/400).

Possible Etymology: Tolkien considered several different derivations of this name. In The Etymologies of the 1930s and in some later writings, the name was derived from primitive ᴹ✶Orǭmē (Ety/ORÓM; PE17/99, 153), but in these derivations it is unclear how the initial element of his Sindarin name developed from O into A.

Later, Tolkien decided that his name developed from Val. Arǭmēz (PE17/138, WJ/400), making the initial A in the Sindarin name easier to explain. In the case of his Quenya name, the initial A changed to O by association with the Quenya root √ROM “noise of horns” (WJ/400).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the cognate of Orome was given as G. Orma (GL/63). In the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, it appeared as G. Ormain >> Ormaid, both rejected and replaced by (unrelated) Tavros (LB/195).

In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the Noldorin name of Orome appeared first as (rejected) N. Goru (EtyAC/GÓROM), then Araw (Ety/ORÓM). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, his name was written as (incomplete and rejected) Ramr... before being immediately changed to Araw (WR/292). This remained his Sindarin name thereafter.

Caradhras

Caradhras

The name is Sindarin and means Redhorn. It is composed of caran "red" and ras "horn". As a compound, the contact of n next to r presents a phenomenon similar to prestanneth: Caran-ras is assimilated to Caradhras. Barazinbar (or also Baraz) is the literal Khuzdul translation of "Redhorn".

carag

spike

1. carag (i garag, o charag) (tooth of rock), pl. ceraig (i cheraig). 2) ceber (i geber, o cheber) (stake, stone ridge), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir. 3) till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, point, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

rafn

wing

(horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

rom

trumpet

rom (horn), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath

rom

trumpet

(horn), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath

roval

wing

1. roval (pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel. 2) rafn (horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

till

sharp-pointed peak

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

till

sharp-pointed peak

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.  

till

spike

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, point, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

till

point

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

till

point

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

aeg

sharp

1. aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)

aeg

sharp

(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".

aeg

point

1. aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)

aeg

point

(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".

ecthel

spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”

egnas

sharp point

(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.

min

noun. peak

A word glossed “peak” appearing in the name S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” from the Unfinished Index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/511). It is probably a derivative of √MIN.

-il

point

suff. point, ending. >> niphredil, til

aeg

noun. point

The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"

maeg

adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something

megor

adjective. sharp-pointed

negen

sharp

_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn

negn

sharp

_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen

raw

wing

n. wing. Q. ráma, pl1. rámar. >> Landroval, rov-, roval

raw

noun. wing

The Sindarin word for “wing” (PE17/63) based on the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM). Its Quenya cognate ráma indicates its ancient vowel ā was long, and this long ā became au (aw) in Sindarin. Meanwhile, the ancient m became v, which then vanished after the diphthong aw: ✱rāmā > raum(a) > rau(v) > raw.

Conceptual Development: The word G. ram “wing, pinion” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was similarly derived (GL/64), but in Gnomish m did not become v.

rov-

wing

pref. wing. >> Landroval, raw, roval

roval

wing

n. wing. >> Landroval, raw, rov-

rû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

thang

noun. compulsion, duress, need, oppression

til

point

n. point, ending. >> -il, niphredil

aig

sharp

(no distinct pl. form).

araw

oromë

also called Tauron (na Dauron, o Thauron). Other names: Galadhon (na ’Aladhon) or Tauros (na Dauros, o Thauros)

carag

spike

(i** garag, o charag) (tooth of rock), pl. ceraig (i** cheraig).

ceber

spike

(i** geber, o cheber) (stake, stone ridge), pl. **cebir (i** chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn** Gebir.

eitha

prick with a sharp point

(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)

laeg

sharp

(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.

lammad

sound of voices

pl. lemmaid. May also be spelt with a single m.

law

noun. sound

lhûn

making sound

lenited ?thlûn or ?lûn (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lhuin. Verb

maecheneb

sharp-eyed

(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)

maeg

sharp

(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)

megor

sharp-pointed

(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)

ment

point

(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.

ment

point

(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **

naith

point

(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **

nass

point

(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nasta

point

(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nasta

point

(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nellad

sound of bells

(pl. nellaid);

roval

wing

(pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

thang

compulsion

thang (duress, need, oppression, tyranny), pl. theng if there is a pl.

thang

compulsion

(duress, need, oppression, tyranny), pl. theng if there is a pl.

thela

spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.

róma

noun. horn, [ᴹQ.] loud sound, trumpet-sound, *blare; [Q.] horn

A word glossed “horn” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 in phrases like Q. róma Oroméva “Orome’s horn” (WJ/368), clearly a reference to Q. Valaróma (S/29). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, ᴹQ. róma was glossed “loud sound, trumpet-sound” under the root ᴹ√ROM “loud noise, horn blast” (Ety/ROM). In The Etymologies the word for “horn” was ᴹQ. romba, a word that also appeared as Q. romba “horn, trumpet” later in the Quendi and Eldar essay (WJ/400).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use róma mainly for horn blasts and trumpet sounds. I would only use it for “horn” metaphorically in words like Valaróma, and for the ordinary word for “horn” I would use romba.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. likinne and [lik]inde “blowing of horns”, both elaborations of ᴱQ. likin “(curled) horn” (QL/54).

rassë

noun. horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. rasse “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAS “stick up” along with a variant form rasko (Ety/RAS). In that document Tolkien said it was used “especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains”. The word rasse “horn” reappeared on a (rejected) page of verb forms from 1948 (PE22/127 note #152), and again in notes from the 1950s or 60s discussing the mountain name S. Caradhras (PE17/36).

rassë

horn

rassë, also rasco, noun "horn" (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) (RAS/VT46:10, PM:69)

róma

horn

róma (1) noun "horn" (WJ:368 - this refers to a "horn" as an instrument rather than as part of an animal; see rassë, tarca_)._Loose compound Oromë róma "an Oromë horn", sc. "one of Orome's horns (if he had more than one)" (WJ:368).

tarca

horn

tarca ("k")noun "horn" (TARÁK)

taru

horn

taru noun "horn" (LT2:337, 347; Tolkien's later Quenya has tarca)

romba

noun. horn, trumpet

A word for “horn, trumpet” appearing in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 derived from ✶rom “used of the sound of trumpets and horns” (WJ/400). It appeared with the same gloss in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√ROM “loud noise, horn blast” (Ety/ROM).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. likin “horn, curled horn” and ᴱQ. likinda “trumpet” (QL/54). The early root was not indicated, but could have been something like ✱ᴱ√LIKINI.

tildë

noun. a fine sharp point, fine sharp point, [ᴹQ.] spike; (mountain) horn, [ᴱQ.] tip, peak

This word is most notable as the final element of the name Taniquetil “High White Peak”, a derivation Tolkien used for most of his life. In the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, Tolkien said tilde “is not a mountain peak, but a fine sharp point” (WJ/417). However, its primitive form tilde was glossed “peak” in notes from around 1965 (PE17/186), ᴹQ. tilde was glossed “spike, horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under from the root ᴹ√TIL “point, horn” (Ety/TIL; EtyAC/TIL), and ᴱQ. tilde “tip, peak” appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (PME/92), though it was merely “point” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√TILI (QL/92).

Note that some of the above forms were presented incorrectly in their original publications. In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road the gloss of tilde was given as “point, horn” identical to its root (LR/393), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this “spike, horn” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/19). The primitive form was given as tilte as originally published in Parma Eldalamberon #17 (PE17/186), but in a post to the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Christopher Gilson corrected this to tilde: discord.com.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume tilde refers to a variety of pointy things of various sizes, including spikes, horns, and mountain peaks, especially if they are sharply pointed. In the case of mountains, I would further assume it refers to the tip or peak rather than the entire mountaion.

maltaras

place name. gold-horn

A mountain name appearing only in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969 (PE23/143), clearly a combination of malta “gold” and ras(së) “horn”.

oromë

masculine name. Horn-Blowing

The Huntsman of the Valar, spouse of Vána (S/29). His Quenya name is derived from his name in Valarin: Val. Arǭmēz, of unknown meaning (WJ/400). Its initial vowel changed from A to O, probably by association with the Quenya root √ROM “noise of horns” (WJ/400). The Elves interpreted his name as meaning “Horn-Blowing” or “Sound of Horns” because of his use of the great horn Valaróma (WJ/400; PM/358; PE21/82, 85).

Conceptual Development: This name dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, when ᴱQ. Orome was derived from the root ᴱ√OŘO “dawn” or ᴱ√ORO “steepness, rising” (QL/70-1). In The Etymologies, the name ᴹQ. Orome was derived directly from the primitive root ᴹ√(O)ROM “loud noise, horn blast” (Ety/ORÓM, ROM), though in a deleted entry it was derived instead from ᴹ√GOROM, an extension of ᴹ√GOR “violence, impetus, haste” (EtyAC/GÓROM).

In a list of roots written around 1959-60, Tolkien gave Arǭmēz as the primitive form of Oromë (PE17/138), though the idea that this was his Valarin name did not appear until the Quendi and Eldar essay from the same period (WJ/400).

rombaras

proper name. Horn of Oromë

The earliest name of the Horn of Oromë (MR/7). The exact meaning is unclear, but is most likely some derivation of the root √ROM “horn noise”. It was soon changed to Valaróma.

sorontil

place name. Eagle-horn

A mountain by the sea in Númenor which was “the abode of many eagles” (UT/167). Christopher Tolkien translated the name as “Eagle-horn” (UTI/Sorontil), and it is likely a compound of the prefixal form soron- of soron “eagle” and the word tildë “point” also seen in Taniquetil. If so, the stem form of this name was probably Sorontild-.

valaróma

proper name. Horn of Oromë, *(lit.) Vala-horn

The name of Oromë’s horn (S/29), a compound of Vala and róma “horn”.

Conceptual Development: The first name given to this horn was Rombaras (MR/7).

Oromë

the eldar now take the name to singify 'horn-blowing' or 'horn-blower', but to the valar it had no such meaning

Oromë noun name of a Vala, adopted and adapted from Valarin. Observes Pengolodh, "the Eldar now take the name to singify 'horn-blowing' or 'horn-blower', but to the Valar it had no such meaning" (WJ:400-401, cf. SA:rom and ROM, TÁWAR in Etym, VT14:5). Genitive Oromëo and possessive Oroméva in WJ:368. _._Loose compound Oromë róma "an Oromë horn", sc. "one of Orome's horns (if he had more than one)" (WJ:368). A deleted entry in the Etymologies cited the name as Orómë with a long middle vowel (VT45:15). Oromendil, masc. name *"Friend of Oromë" (UT:210)

Taniquetil

high white horn

Taniquetil (Taniquetild-), place-name: the highest of the mountains of Valinor, upon which were the mansions of Manwë and Varda. Properly, this name refers to the topmost peak only, the whole mountain being called Oiolossë (SA:til). The Etymologies has Taniquetil, Taniquetildë ("q") (Ta-niqe-til) ("g.sg." Taniquetilden, in LotR-style Quenya this is the dative singular) "High White Horn" (NIK-W, TIL, TA/TA3, OY). Variant Taníquetil with a long í, translated "high-snow-peak"(PE17:26, 168).

Valaróma

vala-horn

Valaróma noun "Vala-horn", Oromë's horn (Silm, MR:7)

hyalma

shell, conch, horn of ulmo

hyalma noun "shell, conch, horn of Ulmo" (SYAL). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, hyalma was also the name of tengwa #33 (VT46:16), which letter Tolkien would later call hyarmen instead.

romba

horn, trumpet

romba noun "horn, trumpet" (ROM)

tildë

spike, horn

tildë noun "spike, horn" _(TIL; in the Etymologies as printed in LR, the first gloss is quoted as "point", but according to VT46:19, the proper reading is "spike")_

orome róma

an Orome horn

róma oroméva

Orome’s horn

róma oromëo

a horn coming from Orome

ramna

noun. wing (horn)

A neologism for “wing (horn)” created by Boris Shapiro in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, the equivalent of N. rhafn and derived from the primitive form ᴹ✶ramna. I wouldn’t use such a word, however, since Tolkien had the opportunity to given the Quenya form of this word and chose not to. I’d use a loose compound like ráma-ólemë “wing-elbow” or ráma-rassë “wing-horn”.

rassemunda

noun. rhinoceros, (lit.) horn-snout

A neologism for “rhinoceros” coined by Dírheron on Discord in 2019, a combination of rassë “horn” and [ᴹQ.] mundo “snout”.

orómë

Oromë

The name Oromë is said to be derived from his Valarin name Arōmēz. His name is translated as "Horn-blowing" and "Sound of Horns". Araw ([ˈaraʊ]) was the Sindarin form of the name of the Oromë. Tauron was an epithet used by the Sindar for Oromë. In the Valaquenta, Tauron is translated as "Lord of Forests". Another translation is "The Forester". The language, to which the name pertains, remains non-explicit in Tolkien's texts:

aica

sharp

aica (1) ("k") adj. "sharp" _(AYAK) or "fell, terrible, dire" (PM:347; according to PM:363 seldom applied to evil things)_. In Aicanáro, q.v.

aicalë

peak

aicalë ("k")noun "a peak" (AYAK)

cendë

point

cendë noun "point" (PE16:96)

cendë

noun. point

A word for “point” in the glossary for the 1950s version of the Nieninquë poem, an element in pirucendëa “on the point of her toes” (PE16/96).

Conceptual Development: The word pirucendëa is a reinterpretation of the word ᴱQ. pirukendea “tripping lightly, whirling lightly” = “pirouetting” from the version of Nieninqe from around 1930 (MC/215; QL/74). The derivation of 1950s cende “point” isn’t clear since in Tolkien’s later writings the root √KEN means “see”, but it might be a later iteration of the word ᴱQ. kent “a sharp point” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KENYE “prick” (QL/46).

ecya

sharp

#ecya adj. "sharp" in Ecyanáro ("k") "Sharp Flame", masc. name, Sindarin Aegnor(VT41:14, 19). The Quenya form of Aegnor is elsewhere given as Aicanáro instead.

hlón

sound

hlón noun "sound", "a noise" (VT48:29). Also hlóna. The stem of hlón is apparently hlon- if hloni "sounds" in WJ:394 is its plural form.

lamma

sound

lamma noun "sound" (LAM)

láma

noun. sound, sound; [ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo

láma#

noun. sound

sound

maica

sharp, piercing

maica (1) ("k")adj. "sharp, piercing" (SA:maeg), cf. hendumaica and the noun maica below.

mausta

compulsion

mausta noun "compulsion" (MBAW)

mentë

point, end

mentë noun "point, end" (MET)

nerca

sharp, angular

nerca adj. "sharp, angular" (PE17:55), variant nexa (reading uncertain).

nexa

sharp, angular

nexa adj. "sharp, angular" (PE17:55; the editor indicates that the reading is uncertain, so the variant nerca may be preferred.)

ráma

wing

ráma noun "wing", pl. rámar (RAM, Nam, RGEO:66, LT2:335); Markirya has both nominative pl. rámar "wings" and instrumental pl. rámainen *"with wings" (translated "on wings" by Tolkien); rámali "wings" in MC:213 would be a partitive pl. in LotR-style Quenya. Variant rámë in the names Eärrámë, Alquarámë, q.v.

ráma

noun. wing, wing; [ᴱQ.] arm

The Quenya word for “wing”, derived from the root ᴹ√RAM (PE17/63; Ety/RAM).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where ᴱQ. ráma “wing” was derived from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” (QL/78). The word appeared regularly in Tolkien’s writings with the gloss “wing”, though at one point in the 1920s it was glossed both “arm, wing” (PE16/137), and in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s it was given as the Qenya word meaning “arm”, but this was revised to ᴱQ. ranko (PE15/79). The use of ráma for “arm” was a brief and rejected idea, and in The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. ráma “wing” was transferred to a new root ᴹ√RAM, while ᴹQ. ranko “arm” remained under ᴹ√RAK “stretch out” (Ety/RAK, RAM).

tilma

noun. point

tinda

spike

tinda (2) noun "spike" (LT1:258; probably obsoleted by # 1 above)

tumbë

trumpet

tumbë noun "trumpet" (LT1:269)

hlondë

noun. loud noise

ras

root. horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up

This root first appeared as ᴹ√RAS “stick up (intr.)” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. rasse and N. rhas or rhasg “horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)” (Ety/RAS; EtyAC/RAS). It reappeared as ᴹ√RASA “stick up” on an rejected page of roots in the Quenya Verbal System from the 1940s (PE22/127). Finally, √RAS “horn” appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure of the early 1950s, but that was merely the last appearance of the root in Tolkien’s published writings. Q. rassë and S. rass “horn” continued to appear regularly as an element in mountain names in the 1950s and 60s.

rass

noun. horn

til

root. point, horn

The root √TIL was used for “pointy thing” for much of Tolkien’s life, most notably as the final element in the name Q. Taniquetil “High White (or Snow) Peak”. Its earliest appearance was as unglossed ᴱ√TILI⁽⁾ or ᴱ√T͡YILI (probably the true form) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where it had derivatives like ᴱQ. til⁽⁾ “a hair”, ᴱQ. tilde “point”, and ᴱQ. tille “eyelash” (QL/92). It was constrasted ᴱ√TILI⁽⁾ which had derivatives like ᴱQ. tilu- “shine (blue)” and ᴱQ. Tilio “Sirius” (QL/92). There is no connection between √TIL and “shine” in Tolkien’s later writings, with roots like √SIL or √TIN being used for that purpose instead.

The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹ√TIL “point, horn” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tilde/N. till “spike, horn” and ᴹQ. neltil/N. nelthil (Ety/TIL). The root √TIL “point” was mentioned a couple times in notes from the late 1960s in connection to finger-names (VT47/26, 28).

tilde

noun. peak

Correction from: discord.com

inbar

noun. horn

udushinbar

place name. Horn of Cloud

barazinbar

place name. Redhorn

zirak

noun. spike

arum

masculine name. Oromë

snǣs

noun. spear-head, point, gore, triangle

Original form not entirely clear; the stem is SNAS/SNAT (LR:387), not defined but evidently to be understood as a strengthened form of NAS "point, sharp end" (LR:374). A primitive plural form natsai is mentioned under SNAS/SNAT; snǣs may derive from something like snatsâ via snats, *snas. The shift of original a to long ǣ (presumably the same vowel as in English cat, but longer) is found in this word only, but there are several examples of e from a, see spenna, scella. Perhaps a became ǣ in stressed monosyllables where there was no following consonant cluster (as in nand).