he

pronoun. she

he

pronoun. she

helcharaes

place name. Helcharaes

Noldorin equivalent to ᴹQ. Helkarakse appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/KARAK). It is most likely a combination of helch “bitter cold” and a mutated form of caraes “jagged hedge of spikes”, the latter attested only in this name. It was first written as (rejected) elcharaes, and also appeared in the variant from Helcharach (EtyAC/KARAK).

heledir(n)

noun. kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s for a kingfisher derived from primitive ᴹ✶khalatirnō̆ “fish watcher” with variants heledir and heledirn (Ety/KHAL¹, SKAL², TIR). Tolkien also considered and rejected the form haledir without i-affection (EtyAC/KHAL¹).

henneth annûn

place name. Window of the Sunset

heledir

noun. kingfisher (bird)

heledirn

noun. kingfisher (bird)

hen

pronoun. she

hen(e)

pronoun. she

hene

pronoun. she

hent

noun. the two eyes (referring to one person's eyes)

hell

noun. frost

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “frost” derived from the root ᴹ√KHEL “freeze”, but Tolkien deleted this short root and its derivatives, keeping only the longer form ᴹ√KHELEK (Ety/KHEL).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had a number of similar “frost” related words: G. heloth “frost”, G. hîl {“ice-cold, icy” >>} “frost” as well as G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” (GL/48-49), all based on the early root ᴱ√HELE “freeze”, the last with the added element G. fileg “fern”.

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien probably deleted N. hell “frost” because he abandoned the short root ᴹ√KHEL, but short √KHEL did reappear in later writings (PE17/116), so it is tempting to restore hell “frost” as well. However, this conflicts with other attested words like N. hell “naked”, so I think it is better to use a neologism like ᴺS. nich for “frost”; see that entry for discussion.

hethw

adjective. foggy, obscure, vague

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. hethw “foggy, obscure, vague” derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithwa under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).

Conceptual Development: G. huir “foggy” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s is a likely precursor (GL/49), perhaps derived from a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√HUYU.

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would become ᴺS. hethu, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

hebel dúath

place name. Mountains of Shadow

Earlier name of the Mountains of Shadow in Morder in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/122, 180), a combination of hebel (“?fence”) and dú(w)ath “night-shade”.

heleg

noun. ice

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ice” derived from the root ᴹ√KHELEK of the same meaning (Ety/KHELEK).

Conceptual Development: G. heleg “ice” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with a variant helc, both under primitive χele-k (GL/48). This is clearly related to the early root ᴱ√HELE as first suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Helkar; QL/39).

herven

noun. husband

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “husband”, a combination of ᴹ√KHER “govern” and N. benn “man” (which itself archaically meant “husband”), the latter element based on the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES, KHER).

Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s, “husband” was {gwidhion >>} ᴱN. gwedhion, based on the root ᴱ√wed- having to do with marriage (PE13/146). It has a negated form ᴱN. yrwidhion “without husband” (PE13/156). Another precursor was ᴱQ. heruvesto “lord husband” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which was assembled from elements similar to N. hervenn, but in the Qenya branch of the language instead.

Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien seems to have revised ᴹ√BES > √BER as the basis for marriage words (VT49/45). However, I prefer to retain the 1930s root ᴹ√BES and would therefore use hervenn for “husband” in Neo-Sindarin, though ᴺS. bethron “spouse (m.)” is an alternative.

herves

noun. wife

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “wife”, a combination of ᴹ√KHER “govern” and N. bess “woman” (which itself archaically meant “wife”), the latter element based on the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES, KHER).

Conceptual Development: A precursor to this word was ᴱQ. herivesti “wife, ✱lady spouse” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which was assembled from elements similar to N. herves, but in the Qenya branch of the language instead.

Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien seems to have revised ᴹ√BES > √BER as the basis for marriage words (VT49/45). However, I prefer to retain the 1930s root ᴹ√BES and would therefore use herves for “wife”. However, in later writings Tolkien also used the short form bess for “wife” as well (SD/129), so I consider herves to be more formal.

hebel

noun. ?fence

An element of the (Noldorin) names of some mountain ranges in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s. In the case of N. Hebel Dúath “Mountains of Shadow”, it was later replaced by S. ephel “outer fence, surrounding ring”, so perhaps has a similar meaning. It might be a remnant of G. heb “round about, around” (GL/48), which appeared as an element in the name G. Heborodin “Encircling Hills” (LT2/166).

hebel uilos

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s with the gloss “White Mountains” (WR/137). It is a combination of hebel and Uilos “Ever-snow”. The second element was initially (rejected) Orolos, perhaps meaning “?Mountain Snow” as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.14).

helf

noun. fur, fur, *hide

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fur” appearing beside N. heleth “fur, fur-coat”, both derived from the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). Since N. helf seems to be the cognate of ᴹQ. helma “skin, fell”, I believe helf refers to both skin and fur together and hence = “✱hide”, whereas heleth refers to just the fur itself.

Conceptual Development: Various rejected forms appeared in The Etymologies, including halath “skin, fell” from an earlier version the root ᴹ√SKAL, revised to helath “skin, fell” before being deleted (EtyAC/SKEL). Possible precursors include ᴱN. gwadh “bark, skin, peel” vs. ᴱT. suada “hide” (PE13/146), and G. dafros “bark, skin, peel” (GL/29); see those entries for details.

hell

adjective. naked, naked, *stripped

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “naked” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). This word was originally hall “naked” under an earlier but deleted form of the root ᴹ√SKAL (EtyAC/SKEL). The root ᴹ√SKEL was also the basis for the verb N. heltha- “to strip”, and its Quenya derivative ᴹQ. helda was at one point was glossed “stripped bare” (Ety/SKAL¹), so the word hell seems to mean “naked” in the sense “✱stripped (of clothing or other covering)”.

Conceptual Development: There are a couple of earlier “naked” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that seems to be similarly derived. G. dautha “naked, stripped” was related to daf- “to strip, flay” (GL/29) and G. hulc “naked” (GL/49) is like the cognate of ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). In later writings, some “naked” words were derived from √PAR “peel” instead (PE17/86, 171).

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

heria-

verb. to begin suddenly and vigorously

The forms heno, hœno in the Etymologies are misreadings according to VT/45:22

helch

adjective. bitter cold, bitter cold, [G.] ice-cold, icy, cold

helevorn

place name. Black Glass

heron

noun. lord, master

herth

noun. household, troop

heir

noun/adjective. left (hand)

hele

noun. glass

heleth

noun. fur, fur-coat

heltha-

verb. to strip, to strip, *flay, peel skin; *to despoil, make bare

henia-

verb. to understand

heria-

verb. to begin suddenly and vigorously

heir

noun/adjective. left (hand)

helch

noun. bitter cold

heleg

noun. ice

heleth

noun. fur, fur-coat

helf

noun. fur

hell

adjective. naked

henia-

verb. to understand

heniad

gerund noun. understanding, intelligence

heron

noun. master

herth

noun. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord)

herven

noun. husband

hervenn

noun. husband

hervenn

noun. husband

herves

noun. wife

hervess

noun. wife

hervess

noun. wife

hethw

adjective. foggy, obscure, vague

lhethril

noun. hearer, listener, eavesdropper (f.)

lhethril

noun. hearer, listener, eavesdropper

ephel nimrais

place name. Ephel Nimrais

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/137), using ephel “outer fence” instead of ered “mountains”. It also appearing as (rejected singular) Ephel Nimras and possibly Hebel Nimrais (the last element is hard to read).

lhawhen

place name. Lhawhen

A variety of names for the hills Amon Lhaw and Amon Hen first consider by Tolkien in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/387). These names are all combinations of the elements lhaw “ears” or ᴹ√LAS “listen” with hên “eye” or ᴹ√TIR “watch”, as analyzed by Roman Rausch (EE/2.61).

rhest

noun. cut

then

pronoun. this

muinthel

noun. sister

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

gwathel

noun. sister, associate

muinthel

noun. sister

orthel-

verb. to roof, screen above

rhest

noun. cut

ho

pronoun. he

ho

pronoun. he

hon

pronoun. he

hon(o)

pronoun. he

hono

pronoun. he

drafn

noun. hewn log

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as {dravon or dravn >>} N. drafn “hewn log” derived from the root ᴹ√DARAM “beat, hew” (Ety/DARÁM; EtyAC/DARÁM). This word would be pronounced [dravn], and I prefer the less ambiguous spelling ᴺS. dravn for purposes of Neo-Sindarin; see the discussion of the Sindarin phoneme [v] for details.

gondram

noun. hewn stone

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hewn stone”, a combination of N. gonn “stone” and N. drafn “hewn log”, with (older?) variant {gondrav(o)n >>} gondravn (Ety/DARÁM; EtyAC/DARÁM).

nestad

noun. healing

A noun for “healing” in Bair Nestad “Houses of Healing” from Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s, along with a variant form nestedrui (WR/380).

salab

noun. herb

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “herb” derived from ᴹ✶SALÁK-(WĒ) (Ety/SALÁK). Its Noldorin plural was seleb, but if adapted into Sindarin its plural would be ✱selaib.

taen

noun. height, summit of high mountain

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “height, summit of high mountain” derived from primitive ᴹ✶taʒna of similar meaning (Ety/TĀ), where the diphthong ae arose due to the usual [[n|vocalization of ʒ [ɣ] before nasals]]. It would have gone through the same vocalizations and had the same form if it were a Sindarin word.

Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists there were two similar nouns: ᴱN. tain “mountain” (PE13/153) and ᴱN. dain “height, summit; height, loftiness, sublimity” (PE13/141, 161). The first of these probably had a derivation similar to later N. taen, but the latter was derived from primitive ᴱ✶dágniya. The two forms seems to represent distinct early roots ✱ᴱ√DAHA and ᴱ√TAHA, which would have blended together in Early Qenya since initial voiced stops were unvoiced: d- > ᴱQ. t-.

haedh

noun. heap

heap, piled mound

callon

noun. hero

dram

noun. heavy stroke, heavy blow

dôl

noun. head, hill

gondolin

place name. Heart of Hidden Rock

harn

noun. helmet

huor

masculine name. heart-vigour, courage

hûn

noun. heart (physical)

lhathron

noun. hearer, listener, eavesdropper

lhong

adjective. heavy

thalion

noun. hero, dauntless man

callon

noun. hero

drafn

noun. hewn log

dramb

noun. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.)

dramm

noun. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.)

dôl

noun. head

gondrafn

noun. hewn stone

gondrafn

noun. hewn stone

gondram

noun. hewn stone

haedh

noun. heap, ‘piled mound’

harn

noun. helmet

hûn

noun. heart (physical)

lhathron

noun. hearer, listener, eavesdropper

lhong

adjective. heavy

nestad

gerund noun. healing

nestadren

adjective. healing

salab

noun. herb

taen

noun. height, summit of high mountain

thalion

noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)

thalion

masculine name. hero, dauntless man

habad

noun. shoe

A word for “shoe” in The Etymologies of the late 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skyapat- under the root ᴹ√SKYAP (Ety/SKYAP). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, the gloss was “shore” (LR/386), but Vinyar Tengwar Errata confirmed the actual gloss was “shoe” (VTE for issue 46). The Old Noldorin form was ON. skhapa with the early loss of final t, but in modern Noldorin it seems the -d < -t was restored via the plural N. hebeid, which in Sindarin would be ✱hebaid since ei became ai in final syllables for Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. habin “shoe” derived from {ᴱ√sı̯ap >>} ᴱ√χı̯ap, appearing above G. habach “a big shoe, clog, sabot” of similar derivation (GL/47). Elsewhere in the document, Tolkien compared G. saib “boot” derived from ᴱ√SAYAP to (unglossed) hab (GL/66).

habad

noun. shoe

The meaning "shore" in Ety/386 should actually read "shoe", see VT/Errata and Lambengolmor/735. Compare also with Early Qenya hyapa (PE/13:41) and Gnomish habin (PE/11:47), both glossed as "shoe"

cum

noun. mound, heap, mound, heap, [G.] burial mound

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mound, heap” derived from the root ᴹ√KUB (Ety/KUB). The forms ᴱN. cum(b) “mound” and G. cûm “mound (especially grave), burial mound” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141) and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/27), but these earlier forms were probably derived from ᴱ√KUMU “heap up” (QL/49). This word appeared in the name N. Cûm-na-Dengin “Mound of Slain” in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/312, LR/147) as well as its precursors in earlier versions of the tales, but later this name became S. Haudh-en-Ndengin.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d avoid this word and use S. haudh. In later writings the root √KUB was given the new meaning “hide, secrete” (PE22/155).

half

noun. seashell

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “seashell” derived from primitive ᴹ✶syalmā under the root ᴹ√SYAL (Ety/SYAL).

inglor

masculine name. *Heart of Gold

In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared as the true Elvish name of Felagund “Lord of Caves”, which was his title as the lord of Nargothrond (LR/116). In The Etymologies, Inglor was given as a derivative of ᴹ✶Indo-ʒlaurē, in effect a compound of N. ind “heart” and N. glaur “gold”, so “✱Heart of Gold”.

Conceptual Development: See S. Felagund for a discussion of the conceptual development of this and related names, and see S. Inglor for the later developments of this name.

lobor

noun. horse, [heavy riding] horse

A word for “horse” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LOP (EtyAC/LOP). It did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne reported it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/28).

Conceptual Development: The similar word G. lobros “steed, horse” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/54), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LOPO that was the basis for “horse” words in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/56). In The Etymologies, Tolkien first gave the root as ᴹ√LOB and the Noldorin form as {lum >>} lhuv, perhaps from ✱lōbo, but these were deleted and replaced by ᴹ√LOP and lobor.

Neo-Sindarin: Since Tolkien sometimes described S. roch as a “swift horse”, I’d assume lobor was a heavy riding horse or war horse.

nesta-

verb. to heal

A verb implied by N. nestad “healing” in Bair Nestad “Houses of Healing” from Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (WR/380).

tôr

noun. brother

An (archaic) word for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with an irregular plural terein (Ety/TOR). In ordinary speech, it was replaced by muindor, with an initial element muin “dear”.

Neo-Sindarin: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word hanar for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think †tôr and related words might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as gwador “(sworn) brother, associate”. In this paradigm, I would assume muindor still refers to a brother by blood, with an added connotation of strong affection.

lhoth

noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers

The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

tôr

noun. brother

The word muindor is more usual

harthad

noun. hope

angband

place name. Iron Prison, Hells of Iron

arvenel

noun. *Heavens-day

cobar

noun. knob, head, tip

drava-

verb. to hew

haudh

noun. grave, tomb; (piled) mound, heap

ind

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

brass

noun. white heat

cum

noun. mound, heap

cumb

noun. mound, heap

draf-

verb. to hew

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

giliath

noun. all the host of stars

gwador

noun. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates)

half

noun. seashell

ind

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

inn

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

inn

noun. inner thought, meaning, heart

muindor

noun. brother

muindor

noun. brother

nest

noun. ?heart, core

nesta

noun. ?heart, core

nesta-

verb. to heal

nethra

noun. ?heart, core

ovras

noun. crowd, heap.

ovras

noun. crowd, heap

rhîf

noun. edge, hem, border

ûr

noun. fire, heat

hithw

noun. fog

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. {heðw >>} hithw “fog” derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithme under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).

Conceptual Development: G. huith “fog” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s is a likely precursor (GL/49), perhaps derived from a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√HUYU.

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would become ᴺS. hithu, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

sog-

verb. to drink

A verb appearing as infinitive sogo “drink” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√SUK of the same meaning (Ety/SUK), with short u becoming o as usual.

Conceptual Development: The same verb G. sog- “drink” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/68), but in Tolkien’s earlier writings the root was ᴱ√SOKO (QL/85). The verb ᴱN. sog- also seems to appear in sample sentences in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s such as ᴱN. manthil sóg odog “✱having eaten he drinks a lot” (PE13/128), but these sentences were not translated.

Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writing, the usual Quenya word for “drink” was Q. yul- from the root √YUL, so some Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to coin a neologism ᴺS. ýl- “drink” based on this root. However, I prefer to retain sog- for “drink” in Neo-Sindarin, since the roots √SOK and √SUK also appeared in Tolkien’s later writings, including documents that also had √YUL (PE18/94; VT39/11).

lhûn

adjective. (unknown meaning)

This word, which also appears on the map of Middle-earth in LotR, is glossed as "blue" in The Etymologies, but Tolkien later rejected this meaning (as luin was already used in that sense). He then proposed several explanations for it, including the possible adaptation of a Dwarvish name into Sindarin, but he apparently never reached a definitive solution.

thêl

noun. sister

A word for “sister” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√THEL or THELES of the same meaning, with an irregular plural thelei (Ety/THEL). It had a more elaborate form muinthel, the equivalent of muindor “(dear) brother”, with an initial element muin “dear”.

Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word nethel for “sister” from the root √NETH (VT47/14). However, I think thêl and related words might be retained to mean a “metaphorical sister”, a close female associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as gwathel “[sworn] sister, associate”. In this paradigm, I would assume muinthel still refers to a sister by blood, with an added connotation of strong affection. I think it’s best to assume the irregular Noldorin plural pattern was reformed to the normal Sindarin plural thîl.

cuil

noun. life, life, [G.] lifetime

A noun for “life” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: This word dates back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where Tolkien clarified that G. cuil “life” was “usually [the] quality of being alive, but [was] also used = lifetime” (GL/27). ᴱN. cuil “life” also appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141).

ell

noun. sky

An element meaning “sky” in several names from The Etymologies of the 1930s: N. Elfaron “Sky-hunter” (Ety/SPAR) and N. Elthoron “Eagle of the Sky” (Ety/THOR). It was derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” which had an Old Noldorin form: ON. elle (Ety/ƷEL). However, Tolkien said “In Noldorin and Telerin this is confused with EL star”, implying that the word was not used in modern language; an earlier but rejected version of this entry had archaic N. †ell, el “sky” (EtyAC/ƷEL).

Neo-Sindarin: Despite the above statements, ell is probably the best attested option for “sky” in Neo-Sindarin, and I would use it as such, since it is in fact distinct from S. êl “star”, a word that is itself archaic/poetic versus more common S. gil.

emerin

place name. Middle-earth

A Noldorin name for “Middle-earth” appearing in The Etymologies as a cognate of ᴹQ. Ambarenya (Ety/MBAR), apparently derived from the same primitive form ✱✶ambarenyā.

ered nimras

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/168), with singular ras “horn” instead of plural rais “horns”. The plural was introduced later (WR/288).

ered nimrath

place name. White Mountains

Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/137), with a final element rath “course” (“?climb”) instead of rais “horns”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.14). It also appeared as Hebel Nimrath (WR/167).

harn

adjective. wounded

An adjective for “wounded” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skarnā under the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱN. hardh “wounded” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/147).

harw

noun. wound

A noun appearing as N. harw “wound” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skarwē under the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱN. harw “wound” also appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, likewise derived from primitive ᴱ✶skar-wé (PE13/147).

Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. haru to better fit Sindarin orthography, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

lhaug

adjective. warm

An adjective appearing as N. lhaug “warm” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from primitive ᴹ✶lauka under the root ᴹ√LAW of the same meaning (Ety/LAW).

Conceptual Development: G. laug appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “(of plants) alive, having sap, green, vigorous” (GL/53), likely based on the early root ᴱ√LAWA having to do with the life of plants (QL/52).

Neo-Sindarin: This word is usually adapted as ᴺS. laug “warm” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial l is not a feature of later Sindarin.

gildin

noun. silver spark

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “silver spark”, a combination of the root ᴹ√GIL and ᴹ√TIN (Ety/TIN). Presumably this refers to stars, since both roots also have derivatives referring to stars.

iell

noun. daughter

Stated to be an alteration of sell , remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words

iell

noun. girl, maid

Stated to be an alteration of sell , remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words

magl

noun. sword

The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used

magol

noun. sword

The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used

megil

noun. sword

The word was struck out in the Etymologies, but is well attested in late compounds such as Mormegil or Arvegil (with regular mutation). It is conceivably the Sindarinized form of Quenya makil, coexisting with magol (see tegil and tegol for a similar case)

o

preposition. about, concerning

The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins with a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth)

hiril

noun. lady

hên

noun. eye

elw

adjective. (pale) blue

anna-

verb. to give

anor

noun. Sun

ar

conjunction. and

ardh

noun. realm

beleriand

place name. Beleriand

cam

noun. hand

celeb

noun. silver

crom

adjective. left

cunn

noun. prince

câs

noun. top, summit

dag-

verb. to slay

dûr

adjective. dark

eilian(w)

noun. rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge

el

noun. star

elf

noun. friend

elwe

masculine name. Elwe

ernil

noun. prince

eryd-lómin

place name. Mountains of Shadow

gala-

verb. to grow

geil

noun. star

glin-

verb. to sing

glinn

noun. (pale) blue

gwedh

noun. bond

gwedh-

verb. to bind

ha

pronoun. it

had-

verb. to hurl, to hurl, *fling; [G.] throw at, aim at

hadh-

verb. sit

haf-

verb. to sit

haglath

noun. sling

hal-

verb. to lift

halath

noun. skin, fell

harad

noun. south

harfen

noun. *south-region

hargam

adjective. left-handed

harwed

adjective. left-handed

iell

noun. daughter

lhoda-

verb. to float

lhûn

adjective. blue

mad-

verb. to eat

magol

noun. sword

mela-

verb. to love

mellon

noun. friend

mid

adjective. grey

mith

adjective. grey

naud

adjective. bound

naug

noun. Dwarf

nauth

noun. thought

nawag

noun. Dwarf

nith

?. [unglossed]

nordh

adjective. cord

níth

?. [unglossed]

nîth

noun. youth

nûd

noun. bond

os-

prefix. about

parf

noun. book

rhing

adjective. cold

rhîf

noun. brink, brim

saer

adjective. bitter

thond

noun. friend

tog-

verb. to bring

tol-

verb. to come

ûr

noun. fire

Anor

noun. sun

a

conjunction. and

aew

noun. (small) bird

ai

interjection. hail

anaur

noun. Sun

anna-

verb. to give

ardh

noun. realm, region

arien

feminine name. Daisy

band

noun. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping

bann

noun. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping

blab-

verb. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.)

borth

?. [unglossed]

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brand

adjective. high (in size)

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brann

adjective. high (in size)

brannon

noun. lord

brannon

noun. lord

brassen

adjective. white-hot

brennil

noun. lady

brennil

noun. lady

cam

noun. hand

camb

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

car-

verb. to do, make

celeb

noun. silver

celebren

adjective. like silver (in hue or worth)

celefn

adjective. of silver

celevon

adjective. of silver

cen-

verb. to see

cenedril

noun. looking-glass, mirror

clei

?. [unglossed]

coen

?. [unglossed]

crist

noun. cleaver, sword

crom

noun. left

crum

noun. left hand

crumui

adjective. left-handed

crumui

adjective. left-handed

cuil

noun. life

cunn

noun. prince

curunir

noun. man of craft, wizard

daug

noun. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of Orcs)

dilia-

verb. to stop up

diragas

?. [unglossed]

doll

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

dolt

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

dolt

adjective. obscure

dolt

noun. round knob, boss

dringa-

verb. to beat (with a hammer, etc.)

dôl

noun. hill or mountain

dûr

adjective. dark, sombre

eilian

noun. rainbow

See ianu and iant for a discussion

eilianw

noun. rainbow

See ianu and iant for a discussion

elianw

noun. rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge

elw

adjective. (pale) blue

emelin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

emlin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

emmelin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

esgar

noun. shore

fein

noun/adjective. white

fein

noun/adjective. cloud

fern

noun/adjective. dead (of mortals)

fern

noun/adjective. dead person

fileg

noun. small bird

filigod

noun. small bird

gador

noun. prison, dungeon

gadr

noun. prison, dungeon

garn

noun. own, property

geil

noun. star, bright spark

gonn

noun. great stone, rock

gwaedh

noun. bond, troth, compact, oath

gwanna-

verb. to depart, die

gwedh

noun. bond

gwedh-

verb. to bind

gwend

noun. bond, friendship

ha

pronoun. it

had-

verb. to hurl

hadlath

noun. sling

hador

noun. thrower (of spears and darts)

hador

masculine name. Thrower

hadron

noun. thrower (of spears and darts)

haf-

verb. to sit

haglath

noun. sling

hall

adjective. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady

ham

noun. (?) chair

hana

pronoun. it

hana

pronoun. it

hannas

noun. understanding, intelligence

harad

noun. south

hargam

noun. left-handed

harn

adjective. wounded

hast

noun. axe-stroke

haudh

noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb

hiril

noun. lady

hithw

noun. fog

hâdh

noun. (?) cleaver

hên

noun. eye

hîr

noun. master, lord

ledh-

verb. to go, to go, *travel, journey

@@@ extended meanings suggested by Fiona Jallings

lhathra-

verb. to listen in, eavesdrop

lhathrada-

verb. to listen in, eavesdrop

lhaug

adjective. warm

lhothod

noun. (single) flower

lobor

noun. horse

lothod

noun. (single) flower

maethon

noun. sword

maethor

noun. warrior

maethor

noun. warrior

mauth

?. [unglossed]

megil

noun. sword

meldir

noun. friend

meldis

noun. friend

mellon

noun. friend

menwed

?. [unglossed]

milui

adjective. friendly, loving, kind

mith

noun. white fog, wet mist

mith

adjective. (pale) grey

mō

noun. hand

ON. hand

naud

adjective. bound

nauth

noun. thought

nifredil

noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

nordh

noun. cord

nothlir

noun. family line (esp. as family tree, genealogical tree)

nîth

noun. youth

orthor-

verb. to master, conquer

os-

prefix. about, around

osgar-

verb. to cut round, to amputate

parf

noun. book

porennin

?. [unglossed]

rhim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhimb

noun. crowd, host, great number

rhing

adjective. cold

rhista-

verb. to cut

rhista-

verb. to rend, rip

rhuin

noun. fire

rhíw

noun. winter

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

saer

adjective. bitter

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sell

noun. daughter

sell

noun. girl, maid (child)

taetha-

verb. to fasten, tie

telu

noun. dome, high roof

telwen

?. [unglossed]

thia-

verb. to appear, seem

thind

adjective. grey, pale

thinn

adjective. grey, pale

thora-

verb. to fence

thêl

noun. sister

tir-

verb. to watch, to gaze, look at

tiria-

verb. to watch, to gaze, look at

tirith

noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance