A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s for a kingfisher derived from primitive ᴹ✶khalatirnō̆ “fish watcher” with variants heledir and heledirn (Ety/KHAL¹, SKAL², TIR). Tolkien also considered and rejected the form haledir without i-affection (EtyAC/KHAL¹).
Noldorin
he
pronoun. she
he
pronoun. she
helcharaes
place name. Helcharaes
heledir(n)
noun. kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher
henneth annûn
place name. Window of the Sunset
heledir
noun. kingfisher (bird)
heledirn
noun. kingfisher (bird)
hen
pronoun. she
hen(e)
pronoun. she
hene
pronoun. she
hent
noun. the two eyes (referring to one person's eyes)
hell
noun. frost
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “frost” derived from the root ᴹ√KHEL “freeze”, but Tolkien deleted this short root and its derivatives, keeping only the longer form ᴹ√KHELEK (Ety/KHEL).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had a number of similar “frost” related words: G. heloth “frost”, G. hîl {“ice-cold, icy” >>} “frost” as well as G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” (GL/48-49), all based on the early root ᴱ√HELE “freeze”, the last with the added element G. fileg “fern”.
Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien probably deleted N. hell “frost” because he abandoned the short root ᴹ√KHEL, but short √KHEL did reappear in later writings (PE17/116), so it is tempting to restore hell “frost” as well. However, this conflicts with other attested words like N. hell “naked”, so I think it is better to use a neologism like ᴺS. nich for “frost”; see that entry for discussion.
hethw
adjective. foggy, obscure, vague
An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. hethw “foggy, obscure, vague” derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithwa under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).
Conceptual Development: G. huir “foggy” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s is a likely precursor (GL/49), perhaps derived from a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√HUYU.
Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would become ᴺS. hethu, as suggested in HSD (HSD).
hebel dúath
place name. Mountains of Shadow
heleg
noun. ice
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ice” derived from the root ᴹ√KHELEK of the same meaning (Ety/KHELEK).
Conceptual Development: G. heleg “ice” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with a variant helc, both under primitive χele-k (GL/48). This is clearly related to the early root ᴱ√HELE as first suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Helkar; QL/39).
herven
noun. husband
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “husband”, a combination of ᴹ√KHER “govern” and N. benn “man” (which itself archaically meant “husband”), the latter element based on the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES, KHER).
Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s, “husband” was {gwidhion >>} ᴱN. gwedhion, based on the root ᴱ√wed- having to do with marriage (PE13/146). It has a negated form ᴱN. yrwidhion “without husband” (PE13/156). Another precursor was ᴱQ. heruvesto “lord husband” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which was assembled from elements similar to N. hervenn, but in the Qenya branch of the language instead.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien seems to have revised ᴹ√BES > √BER as the basis for marriage words (VT49/45). However, I prefer to retain the 1930s root ᴹ√BES and would therefore use hervenn for “husband” in Neo-Sindarin, though ᴺS. bethron “spouse (m.)” is an alternative.
herves
noun. wife
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “wife”, a combination of ᴹ√KHER “govern” and N. bess “woman” (which itself archaically meant “wife”), the latter element based on the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES, KHER).
Conceptual Development: A precursor to this word was ᴱQ. herivesti “wife, ✱lady spouse” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which was assembled from elements similar to N. herves, but in the Qenya branch of the language instead.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien seems to have revised ᴹ√BES > √BER as the basis for marriage words (VT49/45). However, I prefer to retain the 1930s root ᴹ√BES and would therefore use herves for “wife”. However, in later writings Tolkien also used the short form bess for “wife” as well (SD/129), so I consider herves to be more formal.
hebel
noun. ?fence
An element of the (Noldorin) names of some mountain ranges in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s. In the case of N. Hebel Dúath “Mountains of Shadow”, it was later replaced by S. ephel “outer fence, surrounding ring”, so perhaps has a similar meaning. It might be a remnant of G. heb “round about, around” (GL/48), which appeared as an element in the name G. Heborodin “Encircling Hills” (LT2/166).
hebel uilos
place name. White Mountains
Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s with the gloss “White Mountains” (WR/137). It is a combination of hebel and Uilos “Ever-snow”. The second element was initially (rejected) Orolos, perhaps meaning “?Mountain Snow” as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.14).
helf
noun. fur, fur, *hide
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fur” appearing beside N. heleth “fur, fur-coat”, both derived from the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). Since N. helf seems to be the cognate of ᴹQ. helma “skin, fell”, I believe helf refers to both skin and fur together and hence = “✱hide”, whereas heleth refers to just the fur itself.
Conceptual Development: Various rejected forms appeared in The Etymologies, including halath “skin, fell” from an earlier version the root ᴹ√SKAL, revised to helath “skin, fell” before being deleted (EtyAC/SKEL). Possible precursors include ᴱN. gwadh “bark, skin, peel” vs. ᴱT. suada “hide” (PE13/146), and G. dafros “bark, skin, peel” (GL/29); see those entries for details.
hell
adjective. naked, naked, *stripped
An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “naked” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). This word was originally hall “naked” under an earlier but deleted form of the root ᴹ√SKAL (EtyAC/SKEL). The root ᴹ√SKEL was also the basis for the verb N. heltha- “to strip”, and its Quenya derivative ᴹQ. helda was at one point was glossed “stripped bare” (Ety/SKAL¹), so the word hell seems to mean “naked” in the sense “✱stripped (of clothing or other covering)”.
Conceptual Development: There are a couple of earlier “naked” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that seems to be similarly derived. G. dautha “naked, stripped” was related to daf- “to strip, flay” (GL/29) and G. hulc “naked” (GL/49) is like the cognate of ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). In later writings, some “naked” words were derived from √PAR “peel” instead (PE17/86, 171).
heltha-
verb. to strip
The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14
heria-
verb. to begin suddenly and vigorously
The forms heno, hœno in the Etymologies are misreadings according to VT/45:22
helch
adjective. bitter cold, bitter cold, [G.] ice-cold, icy, cold
helevorn
place name. Black Glass
heron
noun. lord, master
herth
noun. household, troop
heir
noun/adjective. left (hand)
hele
noun. glass
heleth
noun. fur, fur-coat
heltha-
verb. to strip, to strip, *flay, peel skin; *to despoil, make bare
henia-
verb. to understand
heria-
verb. to begin suddenly and vigorously
heir
noun/adjective. left (hand)
helch
noun. bitter cold
heleg
noun. ice
heleth
noun. fur, fur-coat
helf
noun. fur
hell
adjective. naked
henia-
verb. to understand
heniad
gerund noun. understanding, intelligence
heron
noun. master
herth
noun. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord)
herven
noun. husband
hervenn
noun. husband
hervenn
noun. husband
herves
noun. wife
hervess
noun. wife
hervess
noun. wife
hethw
adjective. foggy, obscure, vague
lhethril
noun. hearer, listener, eavesdropper (f.)
lhethril
noun. hearer, listener, eavesdropper
ephel nimrais
place name. Ephel Nimrais
Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/137), using ephel “outer fence” instead of ered “mountains”. It also appearing as (rejected singular) Ephel Nimras and possibly Hebel Nimrais (the last element is hard to read).
lhawhen
place name. Lhawhen
rhest
noun. cut
then
pronoun. this
muinthel
noun. sister
ephel
noun. outer fence, encircling fence
gwathel
noun. sister, associate
muinthel
noun. sister
orthel-
verb. to roof, screen above
rhest
noun. cut
ho
pronoun. he
ho
pronoun. he
hon
pronoun. he
hon(o)
pronoun. he
hono
pronoun. he
drafn
noun. hewn log
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as {dravon or dravn >>} N. drafn “hewn log” derived from the root ᴹ√DARAM “beat, hew” (Ety/DARÁM; EtyAC/DARÁM). This word would be pronounced [dravn], and I prefer the less ambiguous spelling ᴺS. dravn for purposes of Neo-Sindarin; see the discussion of the Sindarin phoneme [v] for details.
gondram
noun. hewn stone
nestad
noun. healing
A noun for “healing” in Bair Nestad “Houses of Healing” from Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s, along with a variant form nestedrui (WR/380).
salab
noun. herb
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “herb” derived from ᴹ✶SALÁK-(WĒ) (Ety/SALÁK). Its Noldorin plural was seleb, but if adapted into Sindarin its plural would be ✱selaib.
taen
noun. height, summit of high mountain
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “height, summit of high mountain” derived from primitive ᴹ✶taʒna of similar meaning (Ety/TĀ), where the diphthong ae arose due to the usual [[n|vocalization of ʒ [ɣ] before nasals]]. It would have gone through the same vocalizations and had the same form if it were a Sindarin word.
Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists there were two similar nouns: ᴱN. tain “mountain” (PE13/153) and ᴱN. dain “height, summit; height, loftiness, sublimity” (PE13/141, 161). The first of these probably had a derivation similar to later N. taen, but the latter was derived from primitive ᴱ✶dágniya. The two forms seems to represent distinct early roots ✱ᴱ√DAHA and ᴱ√TAHA, which would have blended together in Early Qenya since initial voiced stops were unvoiced: d- > ᴱQ. t-.
haedh
noun. heap
heap, piled mound
callon
noun. hero
dram
noun. heavy stroke, heavy blow
dôl
noun. head, hill
gondolin
place name. Heart of Hidden Rock
harn
noun. helmet
huor
masculine name. heart-vigour, courage
hûn
noun. heart (physical)
lhathron
noun. hearer, listener, eavesdropper
lhong
adjective. heavy
thalion
noun. hero, dauntless man
callon
noun. hero
drafn
noun. hewn log
dramb
noun. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.)
dramm
noun. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.)
dôl
noun. head
gondrafn
noun. hewn stone
gondrafn
noun. hewn stone
gondram
noun. hewn stone
haedh
noun. heap, ‘piled mound’
harn
noun. helmet
hûn
noun. heart (physical)
lhathron
noun. hearer, listener, eavesdropper
lhong
adjective. heavy
nestad
gerund noun. healing
nestadren
adjective. healing
salab
noun. herb
taen
noun. height, summit of high mountain
thalion
noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)
thalion
masculine name. hero, dauntless man
habad
noun. shoe
A word for “shoe” in The Etymologies of the late 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skyapat- under the root ᴹ√SKYAP (Ety/SKYAP). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, the gloss was “shore” (LR/386), but Vinyar Tengwar Errata confirmed the actual gloss was “shoe” (VTE for issue 46). The Old Noldorin form was ON. skhapa with the early loss of final t, but in modern Noldorin it seems the -d < -t was restored via the plural N. hebeid, which in Sindarin would be ✱hebaid since ei became ai in final syllables for Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. habin “shoe” derived from {ᴱ√sı̯ap >>} ᴱ√χı̯ap, appearing above G. habach “a big shoe, clog, sabot” of similar derivation (GL/47). Elsewhere in the document, Tolkien compared G. saib “boot” derived from ᴱ√SAYAP to (unglossed) hab (GL/66).
habad
noun. shoe
The meaning "shore" in Ety/386 should actually read "shoe", see VT/Errata and Lambengolmor/735. Compare also with Early Qenya hyapa (PE/13:41) and Gnomish habin (PE/11:47), both glossed as "shoe"
cum
noun. mound, heap, mound, heap, [G.] burial mound
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mound, heap” derived from the root ᴹ√KUB (Ety/KUB). The forms ᴱN. cum(b) “mound” and G. cûm “mound (especially grave), burial mound” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141) and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/27), but these earlier forms were probably derived from ᴱ√KUMU “heap up” (QL/49). This word appeared in the name N. Cûm-na-Dengin “Mound of Slain” in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/312, LR/147) as well as its precursors in earlier versions of the tales, but later this name became S. Haudh-en-Ndengin.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d avoid this word and use S. haudh. In later writings the root √KUB was given the new meaning “hide, secrete” (PE22/155).
half
noun. seashell
inglor
masculine name. *Heart of Gold
In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared as the true Elvish name of Felagund “Lord of Caves”, which was his title as the lord of Nargothrond (LR/116). In The Etymologies, Inglor was given as a derivative of ᴹ✶Indo-ʒlaurē, in effect a compound of N. ind “heart” and N. glaur “gold”, so “✱Heart of Gold”.
Conceptual Development: See S. Felagund for a discussion of the conceptual development of this and related names, and see S. Inglor for the later developments of this name.
lobor
noun. horse, [heavy riding] horse
A word for “horse” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LOP (EtyAC/LOP). It did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne reported it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/28).
Conceptual Development: The similar word G. lobros “steed, horse” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/54), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LOPO that was the basis for “horse” words in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/56). In The Etymologies, Tolkien first gave the root as ᴹ√LOB and the Noldorin form as {lum >>} lhuv, perhaps from ✱lōbo, but these were deleted and replaced by ᴹ√LOP and lobor.
Neo-Sindarin: Since Tolkien sometimes described S. roch as a “swift horse”, I’d assume lobor was a heavy riding horse or war horse.
nesta-
verb. to heal
A verb implied by N. nestad “healing” in Bair Nestad “Houses of Healing” from Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (WR/380).
tôr
noun. brother
An (archaic) word for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with an irregular plural terein (Ety/TOR). In ordinary speech, it was replaced by muindor, with an initial element muin “dear”.
Neo-Sindarin: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word hanar for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think †tôr and related words might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as gwador “(sworn) brother, associate”. In this paradigm, I would assume muindor still refers to a brother by blood, with an added connotation of strong affection.
lhoth
noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers
The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
tôr
noun. brother
The word muindor is more usual
harthad
noun. hope
angband
place name. Iron Prison, Hells of Iron
arvenel
noun. *Heavens-day
cobar
noun. knob, head, tip
drava-
verb. to hew
haudh
noun. grave, tomb; (piled) mound, heap
ind
noun. inner thought, meaning, heart
brass
noun. white heat
cum
noun. mound, heap
cumb
noun. mound, heap
draf-
verb. to hew
falathren
noun/adjective. of the shore
falathren
noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)
giliath
noun. all the host of stars
gwador
noun. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates)
half
noun. seashell
ind
noun. inner thought, meaning, heart
inn
noun. inner thought, meaning, heart
inn
noun. inner thought, meaning, heart
muindor
noun. brother
muindor
noun. brother
nest
noun. ?heart, core
nesta
noun. ?heart, core
nesta-
verb. to heal
nethra
noun. ?heart, core
ovras
noun. crowd, heap.
ovras
noun. crowd, heap
rhîf
noun. edge, hem, border
ûr
noun. fire, heat
hithw
noun. fog
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. {heðw >>} hithw “fog” derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithme under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).
Conceptual Development: G. huith “fog” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s is a likely precursor (GL/49), perhaps derived from a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√HUYU.
Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would become ᴺS. hithu, as suggested in HSD (HSD).
sog-
verb. to drink
A verb appearing as infinitive sogo “drink” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√SUK of the same meaning (Ety/SUK), with short u becoming o as usual.
Conceptual Development: The same verb G. sog- “drink” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/68), but in Tolkien’s earlier writings the root was ᴱ√SOKO (QL/85). The verb ᴱN. sog- also seems to appear in sample sentences in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s such as ᴱN. manthil sóg odog “✱having eaten he drinks a lot” (PE13/128), but these sentences were not translated.
Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writing, the usual Quenya word for “drink” was Q. yul- from the root √YUL, so some Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to coin a neologism ᴺS. ýl- “drink” based on this root. However, I prefer to retain sog- for “drink” in Neo-Sindarin, since the roots √SOK and √SUK also appeared in Tolkien’s later writings, including documents that also had √YUL (PE18/94; VT39/11).
lhûn
adjective. (unknown meaning)
This word, which also appears on the map of Middle-earth in LotR, is glossed as "blue" in The Etymologies, but Tolkien later rejected this meaning (as luin was already used in that sense). He then proposed several explanations for it, including the possible adaptation of a Dwarvish name into Sindarin, but he apparently never reached a definitive solution.
thêl
noun. sister
A word for “sister” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√THEL or THELES of the same meaning, with an irregular plural thelei (Ety/THEL). It had a more elaborate form muinthel, the equivalent of muindor “(dear) brother”, with an initial element muin “dear”.
Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word nethel for “sister” from the root √NETH (VT47/14). However, I think thêl and related words might be retained to mean a “metaphorical sister”, a close female associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as gwathel “[sworn] sister, associate”. In this paradigm, I would assume muinthel still refers to a sister by blood, with an added connotation of strong affection. I think it’s best to assume the irregular Noldorin plural pattern was reformed to the normal Sindarin plural thîl.
cuil
noun. life, life, [G.] lifetime
A noun for “life” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).
Conceptual Development: This word dates back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where Tolkien clarified that G. cuil “life” was “usually [the] quality of being alive, but [was] also used = lifetime” (GL/27). ᴱN. cuil “life” also appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141).
ell
noun. sky
An element meaning “sky” in several names from The Etymologies of the 1930s: N. Elfaron “Sky-hunter” (Ety/SPAR) and N. Elthoron “Eagle of the Sky” (Ety/THOR). It was derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” which had an Old Noldorin form: ON. elle (Ety/ƷEL). However, Tolkien said “In Noldorin and Telerin this is confused with EL star”, implying that the word was not used in modern language; an earlier but rejected version of this entry had archaic N. †ell, el “sky” (EtyAC/ƷEL).
Neo-Sindarin: Despite the above statements, ell is probably the best attested option for “sky” in Neo-Sindarin, and I would use it as such, since it is in fact distinct from S. êl “star”, a word that is itself archaic/poetic versus more common S. gil.
emerin
place name. Middle-earth
A Noldorin name for “Middle-earth” appearing in The Etymologies as a cognate of ᴹQ. Ambarenya (Ety/MBAR), apparently derived from the same primitive form ✱✶ambarenyā.
ered nimras
place name. White Mountains
Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/168), with singular ras “horn” instead of plural rais “horns”. The plural was introduced later (WR/288).
ered nimrath
place name. White Mountains
Earlier name for S. Ered Nimrais (WR/137), with a final element rath “course” (“?climb”) instead of rais “horns”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.14). It also appeared as Hebel Nimrath (WR/167).
harn
adjective. wounded
harw
noun. wound
A noun appearing as N. harw “wound” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skarwē under the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).
Conceptual Development: The word ᴱN. harw “wound” also appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, likewise derived from primitive ᴱ✶skar-wé (PE13/147).
Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. haru to better fit Sindarin orthography, as suggested in HSD (HSD).
lhaug
adjective. warm
An adjective appearing as N. lhaug “warm” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from primitive ᴹ✶lauka under the root ᴹ√LAW of the same meaning (Ety/LAW).
Conceptual Development: G. laug appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “(of plants) alive, having sap, green, vigorous” (GL/53), likely based on the early root ᴱ√LAWA having to do with the life of plants (QL/52).
Neo-Sindarin: This word is usually adapted as ᴺS. laug “warm” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial l is not a feature of later Sindarin.
gildin
noun. silver spark
iell
noun. daughter
iell
noun. girl, maid
magl
noun. sword
The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used
magol
noun. sword
The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used
megil
noun. sword
o
preposition. about, concerning
The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins with a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth)
hiril
noun. lady
hên
noun. eye
elw
adjective. (pale) blue
anna-
verb. to give
anor
noun. Sun
ar
conjunction. and
ardh
noun. realm
beleriand
place name. Beleriand
cam
noun. hand
celeb
noun. silver
crom
adjective. left
cunn
noun. prince
câs
noun. top, summit
dag-
verb. to slay
dûr
adjective. dark
eilian(w)
noun. rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge
el
noun. star
elf
noun. friend
elwe
masculine name. Elwe
ernil
noun. prince
eryd-lómin
place name. Mountains of Shadow
gala-
verb. to grow
geil
noun. star
glin-
verb. to sing
glinn
noun. (pale) blue
gwedh
noun. bond
gwedh-
verb. to bind
ha
pronoun. it
had-
verb. to hurl, to hurl, *fling; [G.] throw at, aim at
hadh-
verb. sit
haf-
verb. to sit
haglath
noun. sling
hal-
verb. to lift
halath
noun. skin, fell
harad
noun. south
harfen
noun. *south-region
hargam
adjective. left-handed
harwed
adjective. left-handed
iell
noun. daughter
lhoda-
verb. to float
lhûn
adjective. blue
mad-
verb. to eat
magol
noun. sword
mela-
verb. to love
mellon
noun. friend
mid
adjective. grey
mith
adjective. grey
naud
adjective. bound
naug
noun. Dwarf
nauth
noun. thought
nawag
noun. Dwarf
nith
?. [unglossed]
nordh
adjective. cord
níth
?. [unglossed]
nîth
noun. youth
nûd
noun. bond
os-
prefix. about
parf
noun. book
rhing
adjective. cold
rhîf
noun. brink, brim
saer
adjective. bitter
thond
noun. friend
tog-
verb. to bring
tol-
verb. to come
ûr
noun. fire
Anor
noun. sun
a
conjunction. and
aew
noun. (small) bird
ai
interjection. hail
anaur
noun. Sun
anna-
verb. to give
ardh
noun. realm, region
arien
feminine name. Daisy
band
noun. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping
bann
noun. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping
blab-
verb. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.)
borth
?. [unglossed]
brand
adjective. lofty, noble, fine
brand
adjective. high (in size)
brann
adjective. lofty, noble, fine
brann
adjective. high (in size)
brannon
noun. lord
brannon
noun. lord
brassen
adjective. white-hot
brennil
noun. lady
brennil
noun. lady
cam
noun. hand
camb
noun. hand
camm
noun. hand
camm
noun. hand
car-
verb. to do, make
celeb
noun. silver
celebren
adjective. like silver (in hue or worth)
celefn
adjective. of silver
celevon
adjective. of silver
cen-
verb. to see
cenedril
noun. looking-glass, mirror
clei
?. [unglossed]
coen
?. [unglossed]
crist
noun. cleaver, sword
crom
noun. left
crum
noun. left hand
crumui
adjective. left-handed
crumui
adjective. left-handed
cuil
noun. life
cunn
noun. prince
curunir
noun. man of craft, wizard
daug
noun. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of Orcs)
dilia-
verb. to stop up
diragas
?. [unglossed]
doll
adjective. dark, dusky, obscure
dolt
adjective. dark, dusky, obscure
dolt
adjective. obscure
dolt
noun. round knob, boss
dringa-
verb. to beat (with a hammer, etc.)
dôl
noun. hill or mountain
dûr
adjective. dark, sombre
eilian
noun. rainbow
eilianw
noun. rainbow
elianw
noun. rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge
elw
adjective. (pale) blue
emelin
noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"
emlin
noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"
emmelin
noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"
esgar
noun. shore
fein
noun/adjective. white
fein
noun/adjective. cloud
fern
noun/adjective. dead (of mortals)
fern
noun/adjective. dead person
fileg
noun. small bird
filigod
noun. small bird
gador
noun. prison, dungeon
gadr
noun. prison, dungeon
garn
noun. own, property
geil
noun. star, bright spark
gonn
noun. great stone, rock
gwaedh
noun. bond, troth, compact, oath
gwanna-
verb. to depart, die
gwedh
noun. bond
gwedh-
verb. to bind
gwend
noun. bond, friendship
ha
pronoun. it
had-
verb. to hurl
hadlath
noun. sling
hador
noun. thrower (of spears and darts)
hador
masculine name. Thrower
hadron
noun. thrower (of spears and darts)
haf-
verb. to sit
haglath
noun. sling
hall
adjective. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady
ham
noun. (?) chair
hana
pronoun. it
hana
pronoun. it
hannas
noun. understanding, intelligence
harad
noun. south
hargam
noun. left-handed
harn
adjective. wounded
hast
noun. axe-stroke
haudh
noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb
hiril
noun. lady
hithw
noun. fog
hâdh
noun. (?) cleaver
hên
noun. eye
hîr
noun. master, lord
ledh-
verb. to go, to go, *travel, journey
@@@ extended meanings suggested by Fiona Jallings
lhathra-
verb. to listen in, eavesdrop
lhathrada-
verb. to listen in, eavesdrop
lhaug
adjective. warm
lhothod
noun. (single) flower
lobor
noun. horse
lothod
noun. (single) flower
maethon
noun. sword
maethor
noun. warrior
maethor
noun. warrior
mauth
?. [unglossed]
megil
noun. sword
meldir
noun. friend
meldis
noun. friend
mellon
noun. friend
menwed
?. [unglossed]
milui
adjective. friendly, loving, kind
mith
noun. white fog, wet mist
mith
adjective. (pale) grey
mō
noun. hand
ON. hand
naud
adjective. bound
nauth
noun. thought
nifredil
noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop
nithrad
?. [unglossed]
nordh
noun. cord
nothlir
noun. family line (esp. as family tree, genealogical tree)
nîth
noun. youth
orthor-
verb. to master, conquer
os-
prefix. about, around
osgar-
verb. to cut round, to amputate
parf
noun. book
porennin
?. [unglossed]
rhim
noun. crowd, host, great number
rhimb
noun. crowd, host, great number
rhing
adjective. cold
rhista-
verb. to cut
rhista-
verb. to rend, rip
rhuin
noun. fire
rhíw
noun. winter
roch
noun. horse, swift horse for riding
saer
adjective. bitter
sarn
noun. stone (as a material)
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
sarn
noun. small stone
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
sell
noun. daughter
sell
noun. girl, maid (child)
taetha-
verb. to fasten, tie
telu
noun. dome, high roof
telwen
?. [unglossed]
thia-
verb. to appear, seem
thind
adjective. grey, pale
thinn
adjective. grey, pale
thora-
verb. to fence
thêl
noun. sister
tir-
verb. to watch, to gaze, look at
tiria-
verb. to watch, to gaze, look at
tirith
noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance
Noldorin equivalent to ᴹQ. Helkarakse appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/KARAK). It is most likely a combination of helch “bitter cold” and a mutated form of caraes “jagged hedge of spikes”, the latter attested only in this name. It was first written as (rejected) elcharaes, and also appeared in the variant from Helcharach (EtyAC/KARAK).