helch

noun. bitter cold

helch

adjective. bitter cold, bitter cold, [G.] ice-cold, icy, cold

Cognates

• ᴹQ. helka “ice-cold” ✧ Ety/KHEL

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHELEK “ice” ✧ Ety/KHEL

Element in

• N. Helcharaes

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHELEK > helch	[kʰelka] > [kʰelkʰa] > [kʰelxa] > [xelxa] > [xelx] > [helx]	✧ Ety/KHEL

rhing

adjective. cold

rhing

adjective. cold

Changes

• rheng → rhing ✧ Ety/RINGI

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ringe “cold, cold, *chill” ✧ Ety/RINGI

Derivations

• On. ringe “cold” ✧ Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI
  • ᴹ√RINGI “cold” ✧ Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI

Element in

• N. Himring “Ever-cold”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. ringe > rhing	[riŋge] > [riŋg] > [r̥iŋg] > [r̥iŋ]	✧ Ety/RINGI
On. ringa > rheng	[riŋga] > [reŋga] > [reŋg] > [r̥eŋg] > [r̥eŋ]	✧ EtyAC/RINGI

Variations

• rheng ✧ EtyAC/RINGI (rheng)

saer

adjective. bitter

saer

adjective. bitter

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sára “bitter” ✧ Ety/SAG

Derivations

• ᴹ✶sagrā “bitter” ✧ Ety/SAG
  • ᴹ√SAG “*bitter, poison” ✧ Ety/SAG

Element in

• ᴺS. saera- “to urinate”
• ᴺS. saerlin “urine”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶sagrā > saer	[sagrā] > [sagra] > [saɣra] > [saira] > [sair] > [saer]	✧ Ety/SAG