aiya interjection "hail", as greeting (LotR2:IV ch. 9, see Letters:385 for translation), or a call "for help and attention" (PE17:89), "only addressed to great or holy persons as the Valar, or to Earendil" (PE17:149). Variant aia (VT43:28)
Quenya
aia
hail
aia
interjection. hail
aiya
hail
alassë
hail
[alassë (2) interjection "hail" or "bless", evidently a synonym of the greeting alar!, q.v. (VT45:26)]
halda
veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady
halda adj. "veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady" (opposed to helda "stripped bare") (SKAL1, VT46:13)
halda
adjective. high, tall
saila
wise
#saila adj. "wise" (isolated from alasaila [q.v.] "unwise" in a late source)
saila
adjective. wise
Cognates
- S. sael “wise”
Derivations
- ᴹ√SAY “know, understand”
Element in
- Q. alasaila “unwise” ✧ VT41/18
- ᴺQ. sailiendil “philosopher”
ala
hail, blessed be (thou)
[ala (6) (also alar! or alla!) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5,14)]
aiya
interjection. hail; behold, lo
Cognates
- S. ai “hail!, hail, [ᴱN.] cry of pain or woe, [G.] oh!”
Derivations
- √AYA(N) “blessed; treat with awe/reverence, blessed; treat with awe/reverence; [ᴱ√] honour, revere” ✧ PE17/146; PE17/149
Element in
- Q. Aia María quanta Eruanno “Hail Mary, full of grace” ✧ VT43/28; VT43/28
- Q. aiya Eärendil elenion ancalima “hail Eärendil, brightest of stars” ✧ LotR/0720; LotR/0915; PE17/101
- Q. aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie’n aurë “Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √AYA > Aiya [āja] > [aija] ✧ PE17/146 √AYA > aiya > aia [āja] > [aija] > [aia] ✧ PE17/149 Variations
- Aiya ✧ Let/385; LotR/0720; LotR/0915; PE17/146; S/190; SD/030; VT43/28; WJ/166
- aiya! ✧ PE17/089; PE17/090
- aia ✧ PE17/149
- Aia ✧ VT43/28
alar!
hail, blessed be (thou)
[alar! (also ala and alla!) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5,14, 26)]
alla
interjection. welcome, hail
Changes
Alla!→ Alla! “Hail!” ✧ PE17/146Derivations
- √AL(A) “good (physically), blessed, fortunate, prosperous, health(y)” ✧ PE17/146
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ALA > Alla! [alla] ✧ PE17/146 Variations
- Alla! ✧ PE17/146; PE17/146 (
Alla!)
alla!
hail, blessed be (thou)
[alla! (also alar! or ala) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5, 14)] PE17:146 cites alla "hail, welcome" as a variant (occurring within the imaginary world) of aiya.
tar-
affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)
Cognates
- S. -dor “*king, lord”
Derivations
- √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”
Element in
- Q. Alatar
- Q. Annatar “Lord of Gifts” ✧ SA/tar
- Q. Arantar “*High King”
- Q. Tar Calimos “*Royal Bright City”
- Q. Hyarantar “?Southern Height”
- Q. Sorontar “King of Eagles”
- Q. Taniquetil “High White Peak”
- Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ SA/tar
- Q. Tarannon
- Q. Tarcil “High Man, Númenórean”
- Q. Tarciryan
- Q. Tareldar “High-elves”
- Q. tarhanwa “throne, (lit.) high seat” ✧ PE22/148
- Q. tári “queen, queen, [ᴱQ.] mistress, lady” ✧ SA/tar
- Q. Tarindor “*High minded one”
- Q. tarma “pillar” ✧ SA/tar
- Q. Tarmenel “High Heaven”
- Q. tarminas “great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower”
- ᴺQ. tarolwen “sceptre, (lit.) royal branch”
- Q. Tarondor “?King of Stones”
- Q. Tarostar “?King of the Lands”
- Q. Tarquesta “High Speech, High Language”
- Q. Tarumbar “King of the World”
- S. Tarmund “Noble Bull”
Variations
- tar- ✧ PE22/148; SA/tar
tá
high
tá 2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt tâ. This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)
hriz-
verb. to snow
In notes written around 1959, Tolkien experimented with various roots for impersonal “snow” verbs, first giving the aorist form of a derived verb Q. hrisya “it snows” < hriþya from the root √SRITH, then the present tense form of a basic verb Q. hríza “it is snowing” from the root √SRIS (PE17/168).
Neo-Quenya: The basic verb form †hriz- is likely archaic, since z usually became r in Quenya’s phonetic development. In this case, though, I suspect the medial z dissimilated back to s after the hr, since Quenya disliked repeated r’s (PE19/73-74). This occurred, for example, with the verb ras- “stick out” < †raz- < √RAS.
Thus, I would use modern Quenya hrise “[it] snows”, hrinse “[it] snowed”, ihrísie “[it] has snowed”. Since this is an impersonal verbs, no explicit subject is required.
Derivations
- √SRIS “snow” ✧ PE17/168
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √SRIS > hríza [srīsa] > [r̥īsa] > [r̥īza] ✧ PE17/168
hurin
hidden, concealed
hurin adj. "hidden, concealed" (also furin) (LT2:340)
laira
shady
laira adj. "shady" (DAY)
saira
wise
saira adj. "wise" (SAY, VT46:12; a later source has the alternative formation #saila as above)
foina
hidden
foina adj. "hidden" (LT2:340)
ul-
verb. to rain
An impersonal verb for “rain” attested only in its future form uluva “it is going to rain, it will rain” (PE22/167). Its aorist form is probably ✱ule “[it] rains”, its past form probably ✱úle “[it] rained”, and its perfect ✱úlie “[it] has rained”; as an impersonal verb, no explicit subject is required in Quenya. It is clearly derived from the root √UL “pour (out), flow” (WJ/400; PE17/168) and it seems that its primitive form originally meant “pour” (PE22/133), but elsewhere Tolkien gave the Quenya verb for “pour, flow” as ulya- (Ety/ULU).
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, the verb for “it rains” was (3rd-singular) ᴱQ. uqin from the early root ᴱ√UQU “wet” (QL/98). This verb reappeared as uqe or úqe “it rains” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, having become an impersonal verb (PE14/56, 85). Another impersonal verb for “to rain” appeared in Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s: ᴹQ. kelya “(it) sends running down = it rains” from the root √KEL (PE22/114). The form uluva mentioned above appeared in Late Notes on Verbs from 1969 (PE22/167).
Neo-Eldarin: Based on attested forms I would limit ul- for “rain” as an impersonal verb only, and for “pour” would use ulya-. Interestingly, the Noldorin word for “rain” is eil [ᴺS. uil] from ᴹ✶ulyā-, so I think Quenya and Sindarin/Noldorin made different choices for which ancient verb became impersonal “rain”.
Derivations
- √UL “pour (out), flow, pour (out), flow, [ᴱ√] flow fast”
alatulya
welcome
[alatulya adj./interjection "welcome" (PE17:172)]
alatulya
adjective. welcome
Element in
- Q. alatúlië “welcome”
Elements
Word Gloss al(a)- “well, happily” tul- “to come, to come, [ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit”
alatúlië
welcome
[alatúlië ?noun/?interjection "welcome" (PE17:172)]
alatúlië
noun. welcome
Elements
Word Gloss alatulya “welcome” -ië “abstract noun, adverb” Variations
- alatúlie ✧ PE17/172 (alatúlie)
furin
hidden, concealed
furin adj. "hidden, concealed" (also hurin, which form may be preferred in a LotR-compatible form of Quenya) (LT2:340)
arata
high, lofty, noble
arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)
tána
high, lofty, noble
tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.
arta
exalted, lofty
arta (1) adj. "exalted, lofty" (PM:354), "high, noble" (PE17:118, 147); cf. names like Artaher, Artanis.
canya
adjective. wise
isqua
wise
isqua ("q") adj. "wise" (LT2:339).
iswa
wise
iswa adj. "wise" (LT2:339); rather saila in Tolkiens later Quenya.
lingwë
fish
lingwë (stem *lingwi-, given the primitive form ¤liñwi) noun "fish" (LIW)
lingwë
noun. fish
A word for “fish” appearing in its plural form lingwi “fish” in notes on The Lands and Beasts of Númenor from 1965 (NM/336) and appearing as ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi under the root ᴹ√LIW in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIW).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien had ᴱQ. ingwe “fish” under the early root ᴱ√IWI “fish” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/43), and this word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43). The word {engwe >>} ingwe appeared unglossed in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145). ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” with initial l first emerged in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.
Derivations
- ᴹ√LIW “*fish”
Element in
- ᴺQ. cullingwë “goldfish”
- ᴺQ. lingwëa “fishlike”
- ᴺQ. lingwileuca “eel”
- ᴺQ. lingwimo “fisherman”
- ᴺQ. lingwiremnë “fishing”
- ᴺQ. mórolingwe “squid, (lit.) ink-fish”
- ᴺQ. telpingwë “silverfish”
nixi
name. fish
tára
wise
tára (2) ?"wise". (From tentative notes trying to explain Daur [unlenited *Taur] as Sindarin name of Frodo; the more normal word for "wise" seems to be saila/saira.)
tára
adjective. wise
Derivations
- ✶dāra “wise” ✧ PE17/102
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶dāra > tāra [dāra] > [tāra] ✧ PE17/102 Variations
- tāra ✧ PE17/102
nóla
wise, learned
nóla ("ñ") (1) adj. "wise, learned" (ÑGOL) (note that this and the next nóla would be spelt differently in Tengwar writing, and originally they were also pronounced differently, since nóla "wise, learned" was ñóla in First Age Quenya).
muina
hidden, secret
muina adj. "hidden, secret" (MUY)
istima
adjective. wise, knowledgeable, v.well informed
helexë
noun. hail
A neologism for “hail” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT) derived from the root √KHELEK, likely modeled after caraxë < √KARAK.
Derivations
- √KHELEK “ice”
maitulya
adjective. welcome
Elements
Word Gloss mai “well, well; [ᴱQ.] too much” tul- “to come, to come, [ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit”
hris-
verb. to snow
arata
high, lofty, noble
arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)
aia interjection "hail", variant of aiya (VT43:28)