ha

pronoun. it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

hanstovánen

place name. Hanstovánen

A name of the beaching place of the ship Mornie, first appearing as (rejected) Mornielta and Vane Hansto (LT1/170). The meaning of this name is unclear.

haranoldor

collective name. Haranoldor

Name for the Noldor who remained in Valinor, appearing in Tolkien’s “Creatures of the Earth” from the 1910s (PE14/9). It seems to be a compound of a variant form of har(e) “near” and the plural of Noldo.

hakka

noun. the hams, buttocks

A word appearing as ᴱQ. hakka in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a cognate to G. hacha “the hams, buttocks” (GL/47).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. hacca “the hams, buttocks” from a Neo-Root ᴺ√KHAK “squat”.

hari-

verb. to hate

hea

pronoun. it (emphatic); 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

haloisi

noun. the sea (in storm)

A word for “the sea (in storm)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the root ᴱ√HALA with other derivatives having to do with leaping (QL/39). The word haloisi also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “sea (aroused)” (PME/39).

haloisi velike

place name. Great Sea

A name of the Great Sea in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/85), a compound of haloisi “(stormy) sea” and velike “great”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Haloisi Velikë).

halkin

adjective. frozen

An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as ᴱQ. halkin “frozen” based on the early root ᴱ√HḶKḶ, a variant of ᴱ√HELE (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think it is best to update this to the passive-participle form ᴺQ. helina “frozen” of ᴺQ. hel- “to freeze”.

hamba

adjective. on the ground

An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “on the ground”, an adjectival form of han (hamb-) “ground” (QL/39). It had a more elaborate variant hambanoite with the adjectival suffix -noite.

han

noun. ground, earth

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with stem form hamb- and gloss “the ground”, derived from the root ᴱ√HAMA (QL/39). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa had only its stem form hamb- with the glosses “ground, earth” (PME/39).

hapta-

verb. to eject, ejaculate

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. hapta- “eject, ejaculate” in Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s, originally with the sense “to cause liquids to spirt out” based on the early root ᴱ√KAPA “leap” (PE14/66). Oddly, Tolkien gave it the primitive form ᴱ✶skapi̯a-.

Neo-Quenya: Since the root ᴹ√KAP survived in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but based on primitive ✱skaptā-.

haru

noun. grandfather

A word for “grandfather” of unclear derivation appearing as ᴱQ. haru in both the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (QL/39; PME/39). As there are no other alternatives, I would retain ᴺQ. haru for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

haranwa

adjective. fleshly, carnal

A word appearing as ᴱQ. haranwa “fleshly, carnal” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. hara(nda) “flesh-meat” (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would replace this word with ᴺQ. hrávëa “fleshly, carnal”, an adjectival from of Q. hrávë “flesh” from 1959 (MR/349). I would use hrávëa to mean “carnal” in the sense of “having to do with bodily existence” but without the sexual overtones of the English word. So hrávië íri “carnal desires” would mean desires resulting from the body, but not limited to sexual desires and thus including things like hunger, etc.

haruni

noun. grandmother

The word ᴱQ. haruni “grandmother” appeared in both the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (QL/39; PME/39). It is a combination of ᴱQ. haru “grandfather” with the female suffix -ni. As there are no other alternatives, I would retain ᴺQ. haruni “grandmother” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

ha-

prefix. *its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive

har(e)

adverb. near

har-

verb. to remain

halme

noun. drawing

haloite

adjective. leaping

halta-

verb. to leap

haka-

verb. to squat

halda

adjective. wide, broad

halis

noun. rush

hampa-

verb. to hop

hant

adverb. down, to the ground

hanta

noun. a blow with an axe

hara(nda)

noun. flesh-meat

hari

noun. blood

harwalin

place name. Near the Valar

hata-

verb. to hurl, fling

hatse

noun. headlong movement

haura

adjective. old, aged, ancient

ha·matsir

one eats it, it is eaten

haliske

noun. rush

hambanoite

adjective. on the ground

hatsea

adjective. rushing, rapid

ha·tule

it (some definite thing) comes

ai

interjection. o!, ha!

@@@ appears as ail in later printings vs. early printing ai!

angasan

place name. Halls of Iron

A name appearing in early name lists but not in the Lost Tales (PE13/104; PE15/20), a compound of anga “iron” and san “hall”.

celegorm

masculine name. Hasty-riser

Third son of Fëanor (S/60), his name was adapted from his mother-name Q. Tyelcormo “Hasty-riser” (PM/353). His name was in the North Sindarin dialect, since the final [m] was preserved (VT41/10). It is a compound of S. celeg “hasty” and an adaptation of Q. ormo “riser”.

Conceptual Development: In earliest Lost Tales, his name was G. Celegorm (LT2/241). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name was changed to N. Celegorn (LR/226 note §41), in keeping with the revised phonology of Noldorin for which [[n|final [m] usually became [v]]]. In The Etymologies, the name was given as a combination of N. celeg “swift” and the lenited form of N. gorn “impetuous” (Ety/KYELEK, GOR).

In his Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings, Tolkien considered connecting the -gorn in Celegorn with the final element of Aragorn, but was generally dissatisfied with the meaning of the name (PE17/112-3). The form Celegorm was restored in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/177) and Tolkien devised the “North Sindarin” explanation of his name in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968, as noted above (PM/353).

ehtaráma

adjective. having a wing like a sword

A peculiar word glossed “having a (mighty) sword arm”, revised to “having a wing like a sword” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s (PE14/75). It was a combination of ᴱQ. ehtar “sword” and ᴱQ. ráma which usually had the gloss “wing”, but in one place in the 1920s was glossed “arm, wing” (PE16/137).

ektar

noun. hawthorn, thorn

A word appearing as ᴱQ. ektar “hawthorn” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, a combination of ᴱQ. ek- “thorn” and ᴱQ. tar “hedge” (QL/35; PME/35). In the Qenya Lexicon, ektar had the added gloss “thorn”. There was also a longer form ᴱQ. pi(pi)nektar “whitethorn, hawthorn” with prefixed ᴱQ. pi(o)pin “haws [the fruit of hawthorns]” (QL/74; PME/74). Finally there was ᴱQ. tarasse “hawthorn” where ᴱQ. tar was the initial rather than final element (QL/87; PME/87).

Conceptual Development: Tolkien also had ᴱQ. nehta “hawthorn” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140). Its etymology is unclear, but Wynne and Gilson suggested it might have been extracted from pi(pi)nektar.

Neo-Quenya: I would update this word to ᴺQ. eccahta “hawthorn, (lit.) thorn-hedge” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, using the later word hahta for “hedge”.

ilvaran

place name. Hall of the Moon King

Qenya cognate of G. Gilthavran, a location only mentioned in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/38). Since the first element of its Gnomish equivalent is G. giltha “white metal”, the initial element of the Qenya name may be related to its cognate ᴱQ. ilsa “silver”. The etymology of its second element is less clear. The Qenya name was first written as Ilwaran with a w, which hints that its initial element may at first have been related to the root ᴱ√ẆAÐA “dwell” via the (rejected) primitive form ᴱ✶gu̯ara-. After the revision, it is possible Tolkien conceived of the second element being derived from primitive ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live”.

makte

noun. hand

An archaic word for “hand” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” (QL/57). There are no signs of it in Tolkien’s later writings.

pi(o)pin

noun. haws, fruit of hawthorns

A word appearing as ᴱQ. piopin or pipin in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “the fruit of hawthorns, haws”, apparently a combination of ᴱQ. pio “berry” and ᴱ√PINI “✱small” (QL/74). Both piopin and pipin appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “haws” (PME/74).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. piopin for purposes of Neo-Quenya for the fruit of hawthorns, since there is evidence that ✱√PI(N) “little” survived in Tolkien’s later writing.

san

noun. hall, dwelling, house

The word ᴱQ. san (sam(b)-) “hall, dwelling, house” appeared in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SAMA (QL/81).

taurosse

place name. Haywood

Qenya cognate of G. Tavrost or Tavrobel in early name lists (LT2/292), likely derived from ᴱ√TAVA having to do with forests, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Tavari).

táta

noun. hat

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tâta in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a cognate of G. tôd “hat” (GL/71).

-tenda

suffix. having fingers

A suffix meaning “having fingers” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TENE “touch, feel” (QL/91), appearing as an element in ᴱQ. tapatenda “taper fingered (light fingered)”, whose initial element was ᴱQ. tapa- “taper” (QL/89). In later writings, such adjectives were usually formed with Q. lepta, as in [ᴹQ.] rakkalepta “✱claw-fingered” (SD/68).

karpan

noun. hank (of wool etc.)

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “hank (of wool, etc.)” under the early root ᴱ√KᴬRPᴬR “pluck” (QL/45).

kottule

noun. hazel

A word for “hazel” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants kottule and kotulwe, related to ᴱQ. kote (kotsi-) “nut” (QL/48). It may refer to both the nut and the tree.

kópas alqalunte(n)

place name. Haven of the Swanships

Earliest name of the swan have of the Sea Elves, appearing both with (LT2/82) and without (LT1/164) the genitive suffix -n.

lintasarindea

adjective. having many willows

A word for “having many willows” appearing in various notes from the 1910s and 20s as linta(ta)sarind(e)a (QL/53), lintasarind(e)a (PME/53) and lintatasarindea (PE14/112). It is a combination of ᴱQ. li(n)- “many” and an adjectival form of ᴱQ. tasarin “willow”. The possibly duplicated ta(ta) in this word seems to be an artifact of the prefix ᴱQ. li(n)-; compare to limpa(pa)lasse(a) “much roaring” based on ᴱQ. palasse “splashing” (QL/53).

lintitinwe

adjective. having many stars, many-starred

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. lintitinwe “having many stars” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with initial element ᴱQ. li(n)- “many” and final element ᴱQ. tinwe “star” along with a bit of reduplication as was common with this prefix (QL/53, 92). It appeared as lititinwe “many-starred” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/53), either a slip or a reduction of the prefix to li-.

líneneldora

adjective. having many beeches

A word in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s glossed “having many beeches”, a combination of ᴱQ. li(n)- “many” and an adjectival form of ᴱQ. neldor “beech” (QL/53).

nornelassea

adjective. having oak-leaves

A word appearing as ᴱQ. nornelasse(a) “having oak-leaves” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. norne “oak-tree” and ᴱQ. lassea “with leaves” (QL/67).

Neo-Quenya: Since Q. norno was a later form of the Quenya word for “oak”, I would update this word to ᴺQ. nornolassëa for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

pimpilin

noun. hanging tail, tassel

A word appearing as ᴱQ. pimpilin (pimpilind-) “hanging tail, tassel” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) “tail” (QL/74). The meaning of the second element is unclear: its form resembles ᴱQ. lin(d-) “musical voice, tune” (QL/54) but that meaning doesn’t fit. The second element might instead be a variant of ᴱQ. lint (linty-) “fluff, down, soft stuff” (QL/54).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. pimpë for “tail”, I’d retain ᴺQ. pimpilin for “tassel, hanging tail” without being overly concerned about the meaning of its second element.

silkesse

noun. harvest

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. silkesse “harvest” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶKḶ that was also the basis for “grass” words (QL/84).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s updated this root to ᴹ√SALAK+wē for “grass” words (Ety/SALÁK), so I think this Early Qenya word can be updated to ᴺQ. salcessë “harvest”. I would assume this word refers to the product of a harvest = “✱produce”, as opposed to yávië which is the time or act of harvesting.

silqeléna

adjective. having tresses

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s for “having tresses”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. silqeléni “long tresses” (QL/83).

telda

adjective. having a roof

A word for “having a roof” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” under the early root ᴱ√TELE (QL/90).

unqilla(r)

noun. handle of jar; pothook

A word appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱQ. unqilla “handle of jar; pothook” under the early root ᴱ√(U)ṆQ(U)Ṇ that might be an independent root meaning “✱hook”, or might be identical to ᴱ√(U)ṆQ(U)Ṇ having to do with ears (QL/98). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa had ᴱQ. unqillar “jar handle” (PME/98).

artan

noun. hammer

kantele

noun. harping; repetition

kópa

noun. harbour, haven, bay

kópas

place name. Haven

Short name for Kópas Alqalunte(n) in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/255).

maite

adjective. handed

maqa

adjective. handy, skilled (with hands)

mavoite

adjective. having hands

má

noun. hand

omba

adjective. hard (*as stone)

petl

noun. hammer

salme

noun. harp-playing, music of lyres

salumbe

noun. harping, music

sanka

noun. hate, fierce hatred

sanke

adjective. hateful

tarasse

noun. hawthorn

tempe

noun. hate

tevin

adjective. hated

tévie

noun. hatred, dislike

valin

adjective. happy

vorokantele

noun. harping, vain or monotonous repetition

hyanda

noun. harm, damage

kotulwe

noun. hazel

kópas

noun. haven

lempea

adjective. half

lemya

adjective. half

lenya

adjective. half

linta(ta)sarind(e)a

adjective. having many willows

lintu(tu)lussea

adjective. having many poplars

lintutyulussea

adjective. having many poplars

lintyulussea

adjective. having many poplars

maqalea

adjective. handy, skilled (with hands)

nehta

noun. hawthorn

qets(im)a

adjective. having speech, able to talk, good at expression, glib

sitsina

adjective. habitual, customary, accustomed, usual, ordinary, common

tartan

noun. hammer

tektamaqa

adjective. having a good ‘hand’

turqima

adjective. haughty

tókele

noun. handling

yávan

noun. harvest, autumn

áye

interjection. hail

luvu-

verb. to lower, hang, brood

A verb for “lower, hang, brood” (presumably of clouds) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LUVU (QL/57).

ank

noun. loop, handle, ring

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “loop, handle, ring” for holding something, derived from the early root ᴱ√ᵁNQᵁN having to do with ears (QL/31, 98). Tolkien considered transferring it to the root ᴱ√AQA “grasp, hold” (QL/31).

fantl

noun. vision, dream, hazy notion, imaginary idea

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “vision, dream, hazy notion, imaginary idea” under the early root ᴱ√FANA (QL/37).

rámavoite

adjective. winged, having wings

A word appearing as ᴱQ. rámavoite “winged” or “having wings” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. ráma “wing” (QL/57, 78; PME/57). In the English-Qenya Dictionary it had two forms: rámaite and rámavoite (PE15/79).

Neo-Quenya: Since -itë remains an adjective suffix in later Quenya, I would retain this word as ᴺQ. rámaitë “winged, having wings”.

tilinya

adjective. downy, hairy

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “downy, hairy”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. til (tiln-) “single hair” (QL/92).

tupin

adjective. roofed, having a lid, having hat on

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tupin “roofed, having a lid, having hat on” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of ᴱQ. tupu- “to roof, cover” under the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/95).

Neo-Quenya: Since √TUP “cover” survives in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. tupin “roofed, having a lid, having hat on” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, referring to a thing with another thing (such as a roof, a lid or a hat) covering its top.

ambasse

noun. breast-plate, hauberk, byrne, cuirass

híse

noun/adjective. dusk, mist, haze; bleared

kantl

noun. (large) harp

@@@ probably inspired by Finnish “kantele” as suggested by Draug in Discord, 2021-12-30

karda-

verb. to admire, have affection or respect for

kinka-

verb. to hang (intr.)

kinkata-

verb. to hang (tr.)

lempe

fraction. one half

lúta-

verb. to have time pass

maksima

adjective. powerful, having possession of or authority over

mart-

verb. to happen (impers.)

mok-

verb. to hate

ne

conjunction. that

orosta

noun. impetus, speed, haste, rash courage

pi(pi)nektar

noun. whitethorn, hawthorn

pipte-

verb. to fall (of folds or clusters), hang, trail

qampa-

verb. to hawk goods

sanda

adjective. that

sito

noun. custom, habit

tanya

adjective. that

teve-

verb. to hate, dislike

til

noun. (single) hair

toko-

verb. to feel with the hand, handle; to appraise, tax, assess, assay; to try, test, essay, endeavour

val

noun. good fortune, blessedness, happiness

engetor

noun. fate, hap, luck

e tulien

is having come, has come

hos(t)

noun. dwelling, hamlet

kólema

noun. patience, endurance; hardship

lanqa

noun. piece of fortune, lot, luck, happen, hap

lukta-

verb. to have time pass

lunga(na)-

verb. to sag, bend (down), hang heavy, lean

maksilistea

adjective. powerful, having possession of or authority over

milk(i)-

verb. to possess, have, keep

qampale

noun. chaffering

qingi-

verb. to twang, thrum (of strings, harps, etc.)

qiqi-

verb. to hang, droop

rú

noun. dwelling, village, hamlet

sangwa

adjective. tight, thick, dense, tough, hard

santo

pronoun. that

tila

noun. (single) hair

uruvoite

adjective. fiery, having fire

fauta-

verb. to snow

A Qenya verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate to G. fôtha “it snows” (GL/35).

saike

noun. hunger

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. saike (saiki-) “hunger” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SAẎA (QL/82). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “hunger” was instead saiste (PE13/147).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain the noun ᴺQ. saicë “hunger” based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√SAYAK, but only as an archaic word so I could justify the retention of various famine-related words like ᴺQ. saicelë. For normal speech I would assume ᴺQ. maitië is the ordinary word for “hunger”, a noun form of the adjective Q. maita “hungry” from around 1960.

saiqa

adjective. hungry

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. saiqa “hungry” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SAẎA (QL/82). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “hungry” was instead saisa, though its Early Noldorin equivalent ᴱQ. haib seems to indicate primitive ✱saikwā (PE13/146).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain the adjective ᴺQ. saiqua “hungry” based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√SAYAK, but only as an archaic word so I could justify the retention of related words like ᴺS. saeb “hungry”. For normal speech I would assume Q. maita “hungry” is the ordinary word for “hungry” (VT39/11).

ailin

noun. shore

A word for “shore” in the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem and its draft of the late 1920s (MC/213, 221), in one place given an archaic form aile and a translation “beach” (PE16/75). In the version of the Markirya poem from the 1960s, this word became Q. hresta (MC/221-222), whereas Q. ailin itself usually meant “lake” in later writings.

anúre

noun. manliness, masculinity

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. anūre “manliness, masculinity” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31). In the entry, this word was predeceded by the definite article i and Tolkien gave it the alternate gloss “concr. men in general”; by this I assume Tolkien mean anúre by itself meant “masculinity”, but with the definite article i anúre meant “men in general”.

Neo-Quenya: For purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would modify this word to ᴺQ. hanúrë, basing it instead on later ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

anúva

adjective. doughty

A word appearing as ᴱQ. anūva “doughty” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31).

Neo-Quenya: For purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. hanúva “doughty, ✱manly”, basing it instead on later ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

anúvie

noun. manhood, doughtyness

A word appearing as ᴱQ. anūvie “manhood, doughtyness” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an abstract noun form of ᴱQ. anūva “doughty” (QL/31).

Neo-Quenya: For purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. hanúvië, basing it instead on later ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

herendo

noun. brother

A word for “brother” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with numerous variants: herendo or herēro, hestaner, and hesta(noi)nu, all based on the early root ᴱ√HESE that was the basis for “brother” and “sister” words (QL/40). Of these Tolkien said herendo/herēro was the “ordinary word”, and herendo appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).

ion

noun. son

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. Ion was the “mystic name of God, 2nd Person of Blessed Trinity”, that is the “Son” in the “Father, Son, Holy Ghost” trinity (QL/43). In that document yon or yond- was given in a couple of places as (archaic?) words for “son” (QL/43, 106). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave ion as the equivalent of ᴱN. gó “son”, along with a plural form yondi (PE13/113). However, in the English-Qenya Dictionary Tolkien said yondi was an irregular plural form of ᴱQ. yondo “son” (PE15/77), and this is the form he typically used in later writings.

pelek

masculine name. Axe

Qenya cognate of G. Peleg appearing on an early name list (PE13/103), perhaps a reduced form of pelekko “axe”.

sahóra

place name. the South

Name for “the South” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/81; PME/81), where it appeared under the root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” derived from the primitive form ᴱ✶saχ+þōra (QL/81). In the contemporaneous Qenya Phonology, however its primitive form was revised from ᴱ✶þaχþōđa >> ᴱ✶saχsōđa (PE12/18), and ᴱ✶saχ-sōđa was given the gloss “house of fire”.

The primitive forms ᴱ✶þōra, ᴱ✶þōđa and ᴱ✶sōđa would all produce ᴱQ. sóra. The closest equivalent is ᴱQ. sóra “seat”, but that word was derived from the root ᴱ√ÐORO “sit” (QL/85). It is unclear whether Tolkien intended any relationship between the two, but SOŘO (= ✱SOÐO) did appear as a rejected variant of this root (QL/86), hinting that such a relationship is at least a possibility.

@@@ variant forms and their etymologies

silkima

adjective. ready for cutting

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. silkima “ready for cutting” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶKḶ that was also the basis for “grass” words (QL/84).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s updated this root to ᴹ√SALAK+wē for grass words (Ety/SALÁK), so I think this Early Qenya word can be updated to ᴺQ. salcima “ready for cutting, ✱harvestable”.

vísi

noun. blood

A noun appearing as vísi- “blood” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VIKI or ᴱ√VIT͡YI (QL/60). Its form might be explained by the Early Qenya sound changes ti > tsi > si (PE12/23).

mata-

verb. to eat

yu

?. [unglossed]

anta-

verb. to give

arda

noun. place, spot

@@@ probably from [ɣarðā] since cognate G. gar(th) ends in [θ] which only develops from [ð] when final after a consonant

e-

verb. to be

ematte

?. [unglossed]

heri

noun. lady

heru

noun. lord

hyanda-

verb. to mow, cleave

hyapa

noun. shoe

ka

?. [unglossed]

koire

noun. life

lahta-

verb. ‽

lapatte

noun. rabbit

maske

noun. dusk

mekte-

verb. to aim at

nierme

?. [unglossed]

niqista-

verb. to snow

A verb for “to snow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants niqista- and niqisya-, both elaborations of ᴱQ. niqis “snow” (QL/66).

orta

preposition. above

os

noun. cottage, house

pea

noun. scorn

saile

noun. [unglossed]

salqe

noun. grass, long mowing grass

sihta

adjective. moist, wet

tasarin

noun. willow

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

vala

noun. God

valma

adjective. powerful

yaim-

verb. to possess

a

pronoun. it

a-

prefix. it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

aire

adjective. old

alanda

adjective. wide, broad

alle

?. [unglossed]

amarto

noun. fate

amu-

verb. to raise

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

angwe

?. [unglossed]

anqa(r)

noun. ear

anuon

noun. monk

anusta

noun. monastery

anustar

noun. monk

anwe

?. [unglossed]

atta

preposition. above

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

ausi-

prefix. well

dachen

adjective. slain

eant

?. [unglossed]

ekte

noun. sword

elk

noun. spear

elt

noun. spear

er-

verb. to remain

ere-

verb. to go

erus(ta)

noun/adjective. outside

falka

adjective. bad

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

fion

noun. son

A word glossed {“nephew” >>} “son” in an isolated entry of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with stem form fiond- (QL/37). The same word appeared unglossed under the early root ᴱ√SUẈU where it was derived from primitive ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d (QL/87).

furu

noun. lie

heruni

noun. lady

heréro

noun. brother

hestaner

noun. brother

hestanoinu

noun. brother

hestanu

noun. brother

hilmo

noun. son

hilu

noun. son

A word for “son” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants hilu and hilmo under the early root ᴱ√HILI (QL/40), both variants also appearing in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

histe

noun/adjective. dusk

hulin

adjective. naked

hulqa

adjective. naked

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

hyá-

verb. to stand

indo

noun. house

A word for “house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43).

ingwe

noun. fish

intya

?. [unglossed]

isqa

adjective. wise

ista-

verb. to know

iswa

adjective. wise

kal-

verb. to shine

kala-

verb. to shine

kalla

noun. helmet

kamba

noun. bed

kapta-

verb. to leap

kasien

noun. helmet

kasqar(in)

noun. helmet

kasse

preposition. above

kaune

noun. grave

kay-

verb. to lie

kaya-

verb. to lie

kie

noun. path

koi

noun. life

koile

noun. life

kondor

noun. warrior

kumpo

noun. pile

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “pile” appearing as a derivative of the root ᴱ√KUMU “heap up”, but Tolkien considered transferring it to ᴱ√KUPU “hump” (QL/49).

kólemaina

adjective. patient

kólemaine

noun. patience

lailekse

noun. willow

A word for a “willow” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, appearing beside the more usual “willow” word ᴱQ. tassarin (PE16/139). There is no sign of lailekse outside of this 1920s document.

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

landa

adjective. wide, broad

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

las

noun. [unglossed]

laume

noun. life

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

listya-

verb. to bless

loa

noun. life

A noun for “life” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LAWA, apparently an alternate name of ᴱQ. Vána (QL/52).

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

mak-

verb. to slay

mande

adverb. well

mar

masculine name. Mar

Another name for Aule in an very early name list of the Valar (PE14/12). It seems to be mar “Earth” used as a name.

marda

noun. world

marikta

noun. wrist

masto

noun. village

mat-

verb. to eat

min-

verb. [unglossed]

mirde

noun. mist

nahúa

noun. giant

narqelion

noun. Autumn

nauka

noun. dwarf

naute

noun. skin

A noun for “skin” appearing in a list of body parts from the 1920s (PE14/117). Its etymology is unclear.

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

nauva

noun. giant

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

niqisya-

verb. to snow

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

náse

noun. loathing

núme

noun. west

ohtar

noun. warrior

oro-

verb. to rise

orto-

verb. to raise

otso

cardinal. seven

pelekko

noun. axe

peler

noun. fence

pihye

noun. sap, juice

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

pist-

verb. to spit

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

qal-

verb. to die

qan

noun. ear

qarda

adjective. bad

qen

noun. Elf

qende

noun. Elf

qille

noun. blue-bell

qillinin

noun. blue-bell

qosse

noun. mist

A word for “mist” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√QOŘO [QOÐO] or ᴱ√QOSO (QL/78), also appearing in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/78).

ralle

?. [unglossed]

rauka

adjective. swift

retye-

verb. to spit

ruella

noun. village

saisa

adjective. hungry

saiste

noun. hunger

salistina

adjective. blessed

salistya-

verb. to bless

salke

noun. grass

salki

noun. grass

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

sauke

?. [unglossed]

sehta-

verb. to see

sinqele

noun. mine

A noun for “mine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. sink (sinq-) “mineral, gem, metal” (QL/83). This word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/83).

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

sok-

verb. to drink

soko-

verb. to drink

soq-

verb. to drink

soro-

verb. to sit

sorta-

verb. to sit down

sovea

adjective. alike

sár(e)a

adjective. fiery

An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “fiery” with variants sāra and sārea (the second added later) derived from the early root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” (QL/81).

sóra

noun. seat

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

súme

?. [unglossed]

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

tampo

noun. well

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

tande

adverb. thither

tantila-

verb. to hop

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

tassarin

noun. willow

tie-

verb. to go

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

tolma

noun. helm

toloime

noun. sling

toron

?. [unglossed]

tuilére

noun. Spring

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

tur

noun. king

turwa

adjective. powerful

An adjective for “powerful” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/96).

Neo-Quenya: Since √TUR remains connected to power in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but I’d use it for general or abstract forms of potency, as opposed to being physically powerful (turca or [ᴹQ.] poldórea) or politically powerful (túrëa). For example: turwa nus “a powerful smell” or turwa vangwe “a powerful storm”.

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

tye

pronoun. you

tyulin

adjective. tall

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

tárie

noun. height

túranu

noun. king

túrea

adjective. mighty

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

ulku

noun. wolf

ulqi

noun. she-wolf

umpai

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

uqu-

verb. to rain

usult

?. [unglossed]

vaina

adjective. clad

valle

?. [unglossed]

vande

adverb. well

vardar

noun. king

via

adjective. male

An adjective in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “male”, likely related to ᴱQ. vie “teors” [= “✱penis”] (PE16/135).

vika

adjective. valiant

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

vite

noun. sap, juice

vondo

noun. son

véla

verb. to see

vô

noun. son

wasta-

verb. to dwell

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as wastar “I dwell” under the early root ᴱ√ẆAÐA of the same meaning (QL/102).

wasto

noun. village

welme

noun. spring

welwe

noun. spring

yaima-

verb. to possess

yava-

verb. to hold

yon

noun. son

yáme

adjective. yawning

yó

noun. son

ó-

verb. to be