rauco ("k") noun "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature", "very terrible creature", especially in the compound Valarauco noun "Demon of Might" _(WJ:415, VT39:10, cf. SA:raukor. In the Etymologies, stem RUK, the gloss is "demon".)_ Longer variant arauco. The plural form Valaraucar "Balrogs" seems to contain the variant rauca.
Quenya
Aino
god
eru
noun. The One, God
Cognates
- ᴺS. Eru “God”
Derivations
- √ER “one, single, alone, one, single, alone; [ᴹ√] be alone, deprived; [ᴱ√] remain alone” ✧ SA/er
Element in
- Q. a Aina Fairë, Eru órava (o)messë “God, the Holy Spirit, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/17
- Q. a Aina Neldië Eru Er órava (o)messë “Holy Trinity, one God, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/17
- Q. a Eruion Mardorunando, Eru órava (o)messë “God, the Son, Redeemer of the world, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/17
- Q. Airë María Eruo ontaril “Holy Mary, Mother of God” ✧ VT43/32
- Q. alcar mi Tarmenel na Erun “glory [be] to God in the highest” ✧ VT44/34; VT44/34
- Q. ar i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa tennoio “and of the One who is above all thrones for ever” ✧ UT/305
- Q. Atar meneldëa Eru órava (o)messë “God the Father of Heaven, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/17
- Q. Eruanna “[God’s] Grace”
- Q. Erulissë “[God’s] Grace”
- Q. Eru fai, sî, euva “*Eru (was) before, (is) now, will be (after)” ✧ PE22/147
- Q. Eruhantalë “Thanksgiving of Eru”
- Q. Eruhin “Child of Eru (God)”
- Q. Erusēn “Children of God”
- Q. Eru-indonen “by the will of God” ✧ PE22/165
- Q. Eruion “*Son of God”
- Q. Erukyermë “Prayer of Eru” ✧ UT/215
- Q. Erulaitalë “Praise of Eru”
- Q. Eruman “Heaven”
- Q. Eruontarië “*Mother of God, (lit.) God-genetrix” ✧ VT44/07
- Q. Eruamillë “*Mother of God”
- ᴺQ. Erutercáno “prophet, (lit.) God-herald”
- Q. Eruva “divine”
- Q. nai Eru tye mánata “God bless you” ✧ PE17/075
- Q. Oiencarmë Eruo “The One’s perpetual production” ✧ MR/329
- S. Eruchîn “Children of Eru (God)” ✧ MR/330
Elements
Word Gloss er “one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √er > Eru [erū] > [eru] ✧ SA/er Variations
- Erū ✧ PE21/83
rauco
powerful, hostile, and terrible creature
Nessaron
[day] of the younger [gods]
Nessaron noun *"[Day] of the younger [gods]", sc. Ossë, Oromë and Tulkas (in Tolkien's earlier conception, Ossë was a "god" or Vala). (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK)
arauco
powerful, hostile, and terrible creature; demon
arauco ("k")noun "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature; demon" (variant of rauco). Tolkien's earlier "Qenya" has araucë "demon" (WJ:415, LT1:250)
Vala
power, god, angelic power
Vala (1) noun "Power, God, angelic power", pl. Valar or Vali (BAL, Appendix E, LT2:348), described as "angelic governors" or "angelic guardians" (Letters:354, 407). The Valar are a group of immensely powerful spirits guarding the world on behalf of its Creator; they are sometimes called Gods (as when Valacirca, q.v., is translated "Sickle of the Gods"), but this is strictly wrong according to Christian terminology: the Valar were created beings. The noun vala is also the name of tengwa #22 (Appendix E). Genitive plural Valion "of the Valar" (FS, MR:18); this form shows the pl. Vali, (irregular) alternative to Valar (the straightforward gen. pl. Valaron is also attested, PE17:175). Pl. allative valannar *"to/on the Valar" (LR:47, 56; SD:246). Feminine form Valië (Silm), in Tolkiens earlier material also Valdë; his early writings also list Valon or Valmo (q.v.) as specifically masc. forms. The gender-specific forms are not obligatory; thus in PE17:22 Varda is called a Vala (not a Valië), likewise Yavanna in PE17:93. Vala is properly or originally a verb "has power" (sc. over the matter of Eä, the universe), also used as a noun "a Power" _(WJ:403). The verb vala- "rule, order", exclusively used with reference to the Valar, is only attested in the sentences á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!" and Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done" (WJ:404). However, Tolkien did not originally intend the word Valar to signify "powers"; in his early conception it apparently meant "the happy ones", cf. valto, vald- (LT2:348)_. For various compounds including the word Vala(r), see below.
vala
noun. (Angelic) Power, ‘God’, Authority, (Angelic) Power, Authority, God
Cognates
- S. Balan “Vala, Vala, [N.] Power, God” ✧ PE17/048; SA/val
Derivations
- √BAL “power; powerful, mighty; have power” ✧ PE17/048; PE17/048; SA/val
Element in
- Q. lan i Valaron arcanwar tauvar “*while the thrones of the Valar endure” ✧ PE22/147; PE22/147
- Q. Nasser ar Cenime Cantar Valaron ar Maiaron “The Natures and Visible Shapes of the Valar and Maiar” ✧ PE17/175
- Q. Pelóri Valion “Mountains of Valinor” ✧ MR/018
- Q. Valacar “*Vala Helm” ✧ PE17/114
- Q. Valacirca “Sickle of the Valar” ✧ S/048; SA/val
- Q. Valandil “Lover of the Valar” ✧ Let/386
- Q. Valandor “Land of the Valar”
- Q. Valandur “*Servant of the Vala”
- Q. Valanya “*Friday, Vala-day”
- Q. Valaquenta “Account of the Valar” ✧ SA/val
- Q. Valar ar Maiar fantaner nassentar fanainen ve quenderinwe coar ar larmar “Valar and Maiar cloaked their true-being in veils, like to Elvish bodies and raiment” ✧ PE17/174; PE17/175
- Q. Valarauko “Demon of Might” ✧ SA/val
- Q. Valarin
- Q. Valaróma “Horn of Oromë, *(lit.) Vala-horn”
- Q. Valar valuvar “the will of the Valar will be done” ✧ WJ/404
- Q. Valimar “Dwelling of the Valar” ✧ PE17/074; SA/val
- Q. Valinórë “Land of the Valar” ✧ Let/198; PE17/074; SA/val
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √BAL > Valar [balar] > [βalar] > [valar] ✧ PE17/048 √BAL > Vala [bala] > [βala] > [vala] ✧ PE17/048 √bal- > val- [bala] > [βala] > [vala] ✧ SA/val Variations
- vala ✧ LotR/1123
a aina fairë, eru órava (o)messë
God, the Holy Spirit, have mercy on us
The eighth line of Tolkien’s Quenya translation of the Litany of Loreto prayer (VT44/12). The first word is the vocative a “O” followed by aina fairë = “holy spirit”. The fourth word Eru is Tolkien’s usual Quenya name for God. The phrase órava (o)messe “have mercy on us” is essentially the same as in the first line; see that entry for discussion.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> a Aina Fairë, Eru órava (o)me-sse = “✱o Holy Spirit, God have-mercy us-on”
Conceptual Development: As in the first line, Tolkien first used the dative ómen for “on us” before revising it to the locative (o)messe (VT44/12, notes on line 8).
Element in
Variations
- A Aina Faire, Eru órava {ómen >>} (o)messe ✧ VT44/12
a eruion mardorunando, eru órava (o)messë
God, the Son, Redeemer of the world, have mercy on us
The seventh line of Tolkien’s Quenya translation of the Litany of Loreto prayer (VT44/12). The first word is the vocative a “O” followed by Eruion, a name for Christ as the “Son of God”. The third word Mardorunando seems to be a translation of “Redeemer of the World”. The fourth word Eru is Tolkien’s usual Quenya name for God. The phrase órava (o)messe “have mercy on us” is essentially the same as in the first line; see that entry for discussion.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> a Eru-ion Mard-o-runando, Eru órava (o)me-sse = “✱o God-son world-of-redeemer, God have-mercy us-on”
Conceptual Development: Tolkien began two incomplete forms Io >> Yón before settling on Eruion. As in the first line, Tolkien first used the dative ómen for “on us” before revising it to the locative (o)messe (VT44/12, notes on line 7).
Element in
Variations
- A {Io >> Yón >>} Eruion Mardorunando, Eru órava {ómen >>} (o)messe ✧ VT44/12
aino
noun. god
Cognates
- ᴺS. aenor “god”
Derivations
- √AYA(N) “blessed; treat with awe/reverence, blessed; treat with awe/reverence; [ᴱ√] honour, revere”
Element in
Elements
Word Gloss aina “holy, revered, numinous, holy, revered, numinous, *divine, [ᴱQ.] worshipful”
pecco Reconstructed
noun. nut
In notes from 1969, Tolkien had a word Q. pekkuvo “nut-hider” = “squirrel” (PE22/155). Since √KUB was “hide” in that document, the element pek- must be “nut”. Its form outside of compounds is unclear; the form pecco is a guess, originally suggested in a conversation on Google+ from 2018: j-teuber.github.io.
Conceptual Development: The only other “nut” words in Tolkien’s publish writings date back to the 1910s, where Tolkien had ᴱQ. kote (kotsi-) “nut” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (QL/48), probably derived from a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√KOTO given G. cod “nut” (GL/26). This early root conflicts with later √KOT that was the basis for ohta “war” and cotto “enemy”.
Cognates
- ᴺS. pech “nut”
Element in
- Q. peccuvo “squirrel, (lit.) nut-hider” ✧ PE22/155
Aino noun "god", within Tolkien's mythos a synonym of Ainu (but since Aino is basically only a personalized form of aina "holy", hence "holy one", it could be used as a general word for "god") (PE15:72)