Quenya 

tara

thither

tara adv. "thither"; see tar #1.

tarya

tough, stiff

tarya adj. "tough, stiff" (TÁRAG)

tára

wise

tára (2) ?"wise". (From tentative notes trying to explain Daur [unlenited *Taur] as Sindarin name of Frodo; the more normal word for "wise" seems to be saila/saira.)

tára

adjective. wise

Derivations

  • dāra “wise” ✧ PE17/102

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
dāra > tāra[dāra] > [tāra]✧ PE17/102

Variations

  • tāra ✧ PE17/102

tára

lofty

tára (1) adj. "lofty". (SA:tar, LT1:264, TĀ/TA3 (AYAK, TÁWAR), VT45:6), "tall, high" (WJ:417). Compare antara. Adverb táro in an early "Qenya" text (VT27:20, 26). The adj. tára is not to be confused with the continuative form of the verb #tar- "stand".

tára

adjective. lofty, tall, high

Changes

  • tāratāra “tall” ✧ PE17/186

Cognates

  • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
  • TAR “stand” ✧ PE17/186; WJ/417
  • tagra ✧ PE17/186
    • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

  • ᴺQ. táranar “noon, (lit.) high-sun”
  • ᴺQ. tararan “emperor, (lit.) high-king”
  • Q. taras “a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower, great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower; [ᴹQ.] mount, hill”
  • Q. tárië “height”
  • Q. Tárion “alternate name of the last day of the Eldarin six-day week”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
TAG/Tā- > tāra[tagra] > [taɣra] > [tāra]✧ PE17/186
TĂR > tāra[tāra]✧ PE17/186
tagra > tāra[tagra] > [taɣra] > [tāra]✧ PE17/186
TAR > tára[tāra]✧ WJ/417

Variations

  • tāra ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186; PE17/186
  • tára ✧ SA/tar; WJ/417
Quenya [PE17/186; SA/tar; WJ/417] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tar

adverb. thither

PQ. thither

Quenya [PE 19:104] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tar

thither

tar (1) adv. or technically pron. with old allative ending: "thither" (TA). This is ta #1 with the same allative ending -r (from primitive -da) as in mir "into". Compare tanna. According to VT49:11, tar may also appear in the logner form tara.

high

2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt . This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)

tar(a)

adverb. thither, thither; [ᴹQ.] beyond

Derivations

  • tad(a) “thither, thereto, to that” ✧ PE19/104

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
tad > tar[tad] > [tað] > [tar]✧ PE19/104

Variations

  • tar ✧ PE19/104
  • tăr ✧ VT49/11
  • tăra ✧ VT49/11
  • tamen ✧ VT49/33
Quenya [PE19/104; VT49/11; VT49/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tar-

affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)

Cognates

  • S. -dor “*king, lord”

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

Variations

  • tar- ✧ PE22/148; SA/tar
Quenya [PE22/148; SA/tar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tar-

stand

#tar- (3) vb. "stand", attested in the past tense: tarnë (PE17:71)

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

saira

wise

saira adj. "wise" (SAY, VT46:12; a later source has the alternative formation #saila as above)

tanna

thither

tanna (2) pron. in allative "thither" (VT14:5, PE16:96; evidently to be understood as the allative of ta #2: "to that [place]"). Compare tar and locative tassë.

tanna

adverb. thither

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ta“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

  • tanna ✧ PE16/096; PE16/096

tána

high, lofty, noble

tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.

termar-

stand

termar- vb. "stand" meaning last (ter-mar- "through-abide"); future tense termaruva in CO.

canya

adjective. wise

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

halda

adjective. high, tall

Quenya [PE 22:103; PE 22:148] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

saila

wise

#saila adj. "wise" (isolated from alasaila [q.v.] "unwise" in a late source)

saila

adjective. wise

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAY “know, understand”

Element in

tamen

thither

tamen adv. "thither" (VT49:33). Compare simen.

tamen

adverb. thither

tande

thither

tande adv. "thither" (MC:215; this is "Qenya")

istima

adjective. wise, knowledgeable, v.well informed

Quenya [PE 22:156] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

cëa

noun. *hedge

Quenya cognate of S. cai, second element of S. Morgai “Black Fence”, with both Q. këa and S. cai derived from √KAYA (PE17/101). Elsewhere S. cai was glossed “hedge” (UT/282), so perhaps the Quenya word cëa had the same meaning.

Cognates

  • S. cai “hedge” ✧ PE17/101

Derivations

  • KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell” ✧ PE17/101

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
KAYA > këa[kaja] > [kea]✧ PE17/101

Variations

  • këa ✧ PE17/101

iswa

wise

iswa adj. "wise" (LT2:339); rather saila in Tolkiens later Quenya.

nóla

wise, learned

nóla ("ñ") (1) adj. "wise, learned" (ÑGOL) (note that this and the next nóla would be spelt differently in Tengwar writing, and originally they were also pronounced differently, since nóla "wise, learned" was ñóla in First Age Quenya).

isqua

wise

isqua ("q") adj. "wise" (LT2:339).

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

Sindarin 

taer

tāra

adj. Q. tāra.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < _tagra _< TAƷ. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Sindarin [S/428] Reduced form of , element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < TAG. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

Cognates

  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
  • tagra ✧ PE17/186
    • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
tagra > taer[taɣra] > [tagra] > [taɣra] > [taira] > [tair] > [taer]✧ PE17/186
Sindarin [PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Sindarin [S/428] Reduced form of , element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

taw

adverb. thither

Derivations

  • tad(a) “thither, thereto, to that” ✧ PE19/104

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
tad > tað > > taw[tad] > [tā] > [tǭ] > [tau]✧ PE19/104

Variations

  • taw ✧ PE19/104
Sindarin [PE19/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

dern

tough

_ adj. _tough. >> dír-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:154] < DER. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

sael

adjective. wise

Sindarin [Saelon WJ/233, MR/305, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sael

adjective. wise

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAY “know, understand”

Element in

Variations

  • Sael ✧ MR/305 (Sael)
Sindarin [MR/305; PE17/102; SD/126] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dír-

prefix. tough

_ pref. _tough. >> dern, dirbedui

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:154] < DER. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

noen

wise

(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.

tara

tough

(also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

dorn

tough

1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tara (also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.

dorn

tough

(tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn

sael

wise

1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)

sael

wise

(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).

idhren

wise

idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)

idhren

wise

(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

Primitive elvish

tāra

adjective. high

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

Variations

  • tār(a) ✧ PE17/186
Primitive elvish [PE17/067; PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tar

root. stand

The root √TAR appeared unglossed in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 as the basis for Q. tára “tall, high” (WJ/417), a word that elsewhere was derived from √TĀ/TAƷ “high” (Ety/TĀ; PE17/186). The root √TAR was glossed “stand” along with derivative tāra “tall” in rough notes on the back of a discussion of the comparitive from around 1967 (PE17/186). The past tense for Q. tarne “stood” appears in other notes from this period, along with Q. astarindo, artarindo or astarmo “bystander” (PE17/70-71). √TAR “stand” seems to be a later iteration of ᴹ√THAR “stand” from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s; of this earlier root Tolkien said it “is only used [in describing the location of things] — except, of course, with reference to persons or animals when they are noted especially as ‘standing’ (not sitting or lying) — of mountains, high hills, towers, pillars” (PE22/126).

Derivatives

  • Q. tar- “to stand”
  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186; WJ/417
  • ᴺQ. tarmë “state, status, condition”
  • ᴺS. tar- “to stand”

Variations

  • TĂR ✧ PE17/186
  • TĂRA ✧ PE17/186
Primitive elvish [PE17/186; WJ/417] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dāra

adjective. wise

Changes

  • ndāra/nāradāra ✧ PE17/102

Derivatives

  • Q. tára “wise” ✧ PE17/102
  • S. Daur “Frodo” ✧ PE17/102

Variations

  • ndāra/nāra ✧ PE17/102 (ndāra/nāra)
Primitive elvish [PE17/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tā/taʒ

root. high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble

This root and ones like it were used for “high” things for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√TAHA in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. “high; high above, high up”, ᴱQ. tahōra or tayóra “lofty”, and ᴱQ. tāri “queen”; it had a variant form ᴱ√TAʕA where the ʕ might be a malformed Y (QL/87). The corresponding forms in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon were G. “high” and G. dara “lofty” (GL/29), indicating the true form of the root was ᴱ√DAHA, since initial voiced stops were unvoiced (d- > t-) in Early Qenya (PE12/17). Primitive forms like ᴱ✶dagá > ᴱN. /ᴱQ. “high” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s indicates the root continued to begin with D for the following decade (PE13/141, 161).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave this root as ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high”, ᴹQ. tári “queen” and N. taen “height, summit of high mountain” (Ety/TĀ). In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 Tolkien gave the root as √TAG or Tā- “high”, and in notes from around 1967 Tolkien gave √TAƷ as the explanation of the initial element of Q. Taniquetil and contrasted it with √TĂR “stand” (PE17/186). In 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), Tolkien wrote a marginal note giving √TAƷ > “high”, but this note was rejected with a statement “transfer to Gen. Structure. No [ʒ] existed in Eldarin” (PE19/72-73 note #22).

This last rejection seems to be part of Tolkien’s general vacillation on the nature and phonetic evolution of velar spirants in Primitive Elvish in 1968-70. For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root form was √TAH or √TAƷ > √ as the basis for “high” words, much like √MAH or √MAƷ > ✶ was the basis for “hand” words.

Derivatives

  • tagra ✧ PE17/186
    • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
    • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186
  • tāra “high”
  • Q. -tar “honorific”
  • Q. tar “honorific, sir, madam”
  • Q. tar- “high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)”
  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
  • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186

Variations

  • TAG/Tā- ✧ PE17/186
  • TAƷ ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186; PE19/073 (TAƷ)
  • ✧ PE19/073 ()
Primitive elvish [PE17/186; PE19/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dirnā

adjective. tough

Derivations

  • DER “hard, difficult” ✧ PE17/154

Derivatives

  • S. dern “tough, thrawn” ✧ PE17/154
Primitive elvish [PE17/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skā

noun.

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun.

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skū

noun.

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sisti

root.

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. sistë “ulcer, sore, boil”
Primitive elvish Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Noldorin 

tara

adjective. tough, stiff

Noldorin [Ety/390] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tara

adjective. tough, stiff

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tarya “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Derivations

  • On. targa “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG; PE22/034
    • ᴹ✶targā “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
    • ᴹ√TARAG “*tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Element in

  • N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. targa > tara[targa] > [tarɣa] > [tarɣ] > [tara]✧ Ety/TÁRAG
On. targa > targh > tara[targa] > [tarɣa] > [tarɣ] > [tara]✧ PE22/034
Noldorin [Ety/TÁRAG; PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tar-

adjective. tough, stiff

Noldorin [Ety/390] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brand

adjective. high (in size)

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brann

adjective. high (in size)

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sail

adjective. wise

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAY “know, understand”

Element in

golwen

adjective. wise, learned in deep arts

Noldorin [Ety/377] Group: SINDICT. Published by

goll

adjective. wise

Noldorin [Ety/377] Group: SINDICT. Published by

goll

adjective. wise

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. nóla “wise, learned” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ñgolda “wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
    • ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Element in

  • N. gollor “magician” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ngolda > goll[ŋgolda] > [golda] > [golða] > [golð] > [goll]✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Noldorin [Ety/ÑGOL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noen

adjective. wise, sensible

Noldorin [VT/46:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

zîr(a)

adjective. wise

Changes

  • nōthzīr(a) ✧ PM/051

Element in

  • Wes. Banazîr “Samwise, (lit.) Half-wise” ✧ PM/051

Variations

  • zīr(a) ✧ PM/051
  • nōth ✧ PM/060 (nōth)
Westron [PM/051; PM/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

tarya

adjective. tough, stiff

Cognates

  • On. targa “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
  • N. tara “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
  • Ilk. targ “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶targā “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
    • ᴹ√TARAG “*tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶targā > tarya[targā] > [tarɣā] > [tarjā] > [tarja]✧ Ety/TÁRAG

saira

adjective. wise

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAY “know, understand” ✧ Ety/SAY

Element in

  • ᴹQ. sairon “wizard” ✧ Ety/SAY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√SAY > saira[saira]✧ Ety/SAY

Variations

  • saira- ✧ EtyAC/SAY
Qenya [Ety/SAY; EtyAC/SAY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tanna

adverb. thither

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ta“that, it”

Doriathrin

targ

adjective. tough, stiff

An adjective meaning “tough, stiff” derived from primitive ᴹ✶targā after primitive final vowels vanished (Ety/TÁRAG).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tarya “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶targā “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
    • ᴹ√TARAG “*tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶targā > targ[targā] > [targa] > [targ]✧ Ety/TÁRAG
Doriathrin [Ety/TÁRAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

targa

adjective. tough, stiff

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tarya “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶targā “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
    • ᴹ√TARAG “*tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Derivatives

  • N. tara “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG; PE22/034

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶targā > targa[targā] > [targa]✧ Ety/TÁRAG
Old Noldorin [Ety/TÁRAG; PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tōra

adjective. lofty

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high” ✧ Ety/TĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶tārā “lofty” ✧ Ety/TĀ
    • ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/TĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶tārā > tōra[tārā] > [tāra] > [tǭra]✧ Ety/TĀ

Variations

  • tára ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
Old Noldorin [Ety/TĀ; EtyAC/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adverb. thither

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tar “thither, beyond” ✧ PE21/58

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TA “that” ✧ Ety/TA
  • ᴹ✶tad “thither” ✧ PE19/052; PE21/58
    • ᴹ√TA “that” ✧ Ety/TA

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TA > [tad] > [tā] > [tǭ]✧ Ety/TA
ᴹ✶tad > > [tad] > [tā] > [tǭ]✧ PE19/052
ᴹ✶tā̆d > [tad] > [tā] > [tǭ]✧ PE21/58

Variations

  • ✧ EtyAC/TA
Old Noldorin [Ety/TA; EtyAC/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

tārā

adjective. lofty

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/TĀ

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tar- “high; king or queen (in compounds)” ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
  • ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR
  • On. tōra “lofty” ✧ Ety/TĀ

Element in

Variations

  • tāra ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/KHIL
  • Tára ✧ Ety/NIK-W
  • tára ✧ EtyAC/AYAK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AYAK; Ety/KHIL; Ety/NIK-W; Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; EtyAC/AYAK; EtyAC/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

targā

adjective. tough, stiff

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TARAG “*tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG

Derivatives

  • Ilk. targ “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
  • ᴹQ. tarya “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
  • On. targa “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG
    • N. tara “tough, stiff” ✧ Ety/TÁRAG; PE22/034
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TÁRAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thar

root. stand

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. thar- “to stand” ✧ PE22/126

Variations

  • THAR ✧ PE22/126
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/126] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tad

adverb. thither

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TA “that” ✧ Ety/TA

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tar “thither, beyond” ✧ Ety/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58
  • On. “thither” ✧ PE19/052; PE21/58

Variations

  • tā̆d ✧ PE21/58
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ñgolda

adjective. wise

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Derivatives

  • N. goll “wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Variations

  • ngolda ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÑGOL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

dara

adjective. lofty

Cognates

  • Eq. tára “lofty, high, tall” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Element in

  • G. daroth “summit, peak” ✧ GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári
Gnomish [GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adjective. high

Cognates

  • Eq. “high; high above, high up” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; LT1A/Taniquetil
  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/112; PE13/112
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TAHA > [daxā] > [daxa] > [dā]✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári
ᴱ✶daga- > da[dagā] > [daga] > [daɣa] > [dā]✧ PE13/112
ᴱ✶dagain > dagīn > dain[dagain] > [dagīn] > [daɣīn] > [dain]✧ PE13/112

Variations

  • da ✧ PE13/112
Gnomish [GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; LT1A/Taniquetil; PE13/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

annuir

adjective. lofty

hant

adverb. thither

annor(in)

adjective. lofty

Changes

  • andorannor ✧ GL/19

Derivations

Variations

  • annor ✧ GL/19
  • annorin ✧ GL/19
  • andor ✧ GL/19 (andor)
  • annuir ✧ PE13/110
Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Ilkorin

tak

adjective. high

tök

adjective. high

Cognates

  • En. “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Variations

  • ta[k] ✧ PE13/141
Early Ilkorin [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

adjective. high

Changes

  • da ✧ PE13/141

Cognates

  • Eilk. tök “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
  • Eq. “high; high above, high up” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
  • Et. daga “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Variations

  • ✧ PE13/141
  • da ✧ PE13/141 (da)
Early Noldorin [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

daga

adjective. high

Cognates

  • En. “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”
Solosimpi [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

tara

root. *across

Derivatives

  • Eq. tarnon “door”
  • Eq. arta “across, athwart”
  • Eq. tara- “to cross, go athwart, cross rivers” ✧ LT2A/Taruithorn; QL/089
  • Eq. tarna “passage, ford, crossing” ✧ LT2A/Taruithorn; QL/089
  • Eq. tarwe “cross, crucifix” ✧ QL/089
  • G. tarnon “porter”
  • En. tarn “gate”
  • G. tarn “gate”
  • G. taru “cross; crossing” ✧ GL/71; LT2A/Taruithorn
  • G. adr(a) “lying athwart; situated on far side”
  • G. tram “bridge” ✧ GL/71
  • G. tranc “criss-cross, crossed; cross, at cross purpose, perverse” ✧ GL/71
  • G. trantha- “to cross (tr. & intr.); to mark with a cross” ✧ GL/71
  • G. trath “passage, ford” ✧ GL/71
  • G. trôn “a cross; a crossing” ✧ GL/71

Variations

  • tara- ✧ GL/71
  • TARA ✧ LT2A/Taruithorn
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/71; LT2A/Taruithorn; QL/089] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tara

root. *horn

Derivatives

  • Eq. taru “horn” ✧ QL/089
  • G. târ “horn”
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/089] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tařa

root. TAŘA

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

taða

root. *hedge, fence, enclosure

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, previously given as [deleted] ᴱ√TAŘA “chevaux de frise” (a fortification of wooden spikes), with derivatives like ᴱQ. tanda “hedge, fence, enclosure; border, rim”, ᴱQ. tarasse “hawthorn”, and ᴱQ. tarwa “garden, enclosure” (QL/87, 89). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tadhos “hawthorn”, G. tand “enclosure, garden”, and G. tath “hedge, fence” (GL/68). I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√TAD “enclosure” to salvage some of these early words.

Changes

  • TAŘATAÐA “chevaux de frise” ✧ QL/087
  • TAŘATARA² “chevaux de frise” ✧ QL/089

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶taþ· “bush”
    • G. tath “hedge, fence” ✧ GL/18
  • Eq. tarasse “hawthorn” ✧ QL/087
  • Eq. tanda “hedge, fence, enclosure; border, rim” ✧ QL/087
  • Eq. tar “hedge, fence” ✧ QL/087
  • Eq. tarwa “garden, enclosure” ✧ QL/087
  • G. tand “enclosure, garden” ✧ GL/68
  • G. tadhos “hawthorn” ✧ GL/68
  • G. tath “hedge, fence” ✧ GL/68
  • G. tôdhi “paddock” ✧ GL/68; GL/71

Variations

  • tadh- ✧ GL/68; GL/71
  • TAŘA ✧ QL/087 (TAŘA); QL/089 (TAŘA); QL/089
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/68; GL/71; QL/087; QL/089] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tara(ma)

root. to batter, thud, beat

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

dara(ma)

root. batter, thud, beat

Derivatives

  • Eq. artan “hammer” ✧ QL/089
  • Eq. taran “bang, buffet” ✧ LT2A/Dramborleg; QL/089
  • Eq. taru “horn” ✧ LT2A/Dramborleg; QL/089
  • Eq. Tarkil
  • G. odrum “hammer”
  • G. drambor “thudder” ✧ LT2A/Dramborleg

Element in

Variations

  • TARA ✧ LT2A/Dramborleg
  • TARAMA ✧ LT2A/Dramborleg; QL/089
  • TARA² ✧ QL/089
  • DAR/D(A)RAM/DAM ✧ QL/089
Early Primitive Elvish [LT2A/Dramborleg; QL/089] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hama

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. hant “down, to the ground” ✧ QL/039
  • Eq. han “ground, earth” ✧ QL/039
  • G. ham “ground, level of Earth’s service [surface]”
  • G. hôm “ground, base, bottom, seabed”
  • G. hum “(right) down, (lit.) to bottom”

Element in

Variations

  • HAM ✧ QL/039
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/039] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ru’u

root.

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, probably actually ✱ᴱ√RUƷU, with derivatives like ᴱQ. “dwelling, village, hamlet”, ᴱQ. rue “rest, stillness, remaining, steadfastness”, and ᴱQ. ruin “peace” (QL/80). There were a number of likely-related words in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. “enduring, long suffering; quiet, gentle, docile”, G. “dwelling, house”, and G. rûtha- “dwell, remain”, though Tolkien seems to have rejected the Gnomish forms beginning with rô- (GL/66). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing, but I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√RUH “✱still” to preserve some of these early words.

Derivatives

  • Eq. “dwelling, village, hamlet” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. “steadfastness, faith, trustiness” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rue “rest, stillness, remaining, steadfastness” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. ruin “peace” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rungwa “stiff, solid” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rúse “weary”
  • Eq. rúya “unmoved, steadfast” ✧ QL/080
  • G. rô- “to remain, stay, stand; to endure”
  • G. “enduring, long suffering; quiet, gentle, docile”
  • G. rôs “endurance, meekness, patience, gentleness”
  • G. “dwelling, house”
  • G. ruin “inhabited, tilled”
  • G. rûs “endurance, long suffering, patience”
  • G. rust “inhabitation; cultivation, tillage”
  • G. rûtha- “to dwell, remain”
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwori

root.

Changes

  • WORIGWORI ✧ QL/104

Derivatives

  • Eq. wóre “sweet (to taste only)” ✧ QL/104
  • G. gûri “sweet” ✧ QL/104

Variations

  • WORI ✧ QL/104 (WORI)
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sṣtyṣ

root.

The unglossed root ᴱ√SṢT͡YṢ appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. sastya “sore, galled” and ᴱQ. sist (sisty-) “ulcer, sore” (QL/86). The latter word was also mentioned as siste in “ulcer, boil” as a derivative of ᴱ✶sṣtē (PE12/14), and the primitive form was given as sistyi, though Tolkien did say it was indicative of ancient syllabic (PE12/3). However, in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s it seems primitive ᴱ✶sṣt- = “✱hiss” (PE13/163); see the entry on ᴹ√SUS “hiss” for discussion.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√SISTI to salvage some of these early words.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶sṣtē “ulcer, boil”
    • Eq. sist(e) “ulcer, sore, boil” ✧ PE12/014
  • Eq. sastya “sore, galled” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sist(e) “ulcer, sore, boil” ✧ QL/086

Variations

  • sistyi- ✧ PE12/003
  • SṢT͡YṢ ✧ QL/086
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/003; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tum(b)u

root.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶tundu “hole”
    • ᴹQ. tundo “hole” ✧ PE21/08
  • Eq. túma “moving”
  • Eq. tum- “to dive”
  • Eq. tumbe “trumpet, (large) horn” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • Eq. tumbo “dale, vale” ✧ LT1A/Tombo; QL/095
  • Eq. tumna “deep, profound, dark or hidden” ✧ LT1A/Tombo; QL/095
  • ᴺQ. tumya- “to dip, baptize”
  • Eq. tunda “hole”
  • G. tumla- “to excavate, hollow out” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • G. tûm “valley” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • G. tum “hollow” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • G. tumli “dale” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • G. Udum

Variations

  • TUMU ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • TUM(B)U² ✧ QL/095
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Tombo; QL/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Reconstructed

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. “the two lips, the (closed) mouth” ✧ QL/072
  • G. beg “chin”
  • G. mem “mouth”

Variations

  • ✧ QL/072
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nulu

root.

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s marked by Tolkien with a “?” having a single derivative ᴱQ. NÛLE “lead” (QL/68). There are no signs of this root elsewhere in Tolkien’s later writing, and even in the early period he generally used ᴱQ. kanu for “metallic lead” (LT1/100; QL/44).

Derivatives

  • Eq. núle “lead” ✧ QL/068
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/068] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oso

root.

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. oksa “joint” and ᴱQ. oswe “hip” (QL/71). In Tolkien’s later writings “joint” words seem to be based on √LIM “link, join” as in Q. málimë/S. molif “wrist, (lit.) hand-link” (VT47/6), but ᴱQ. oswe “hip” may be salvaged as a derivative of ᴹ√OS “round, about” referring instead to a rotating joint rather than a link.

Derivatives

  • Eq. oksa “joint” ✧ QL/071
  • Eq. oswe “hip” ✧ QL/071
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/071] Group: Eldamo. Published by

po

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. póme “north” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. póya “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/074

Element in

  • Eq. Ponóre “Norway” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. Ponórir “the Northlands, Scandanavia” ✧ QL/074
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pol-i

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. pole “oats, grain (unground kernels of oats, wheat, etc.); flour” ✧ QL/075
  • Eq. polu “kernel” ✧ QL/075
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

siŋi

root.

The root ᴱ√SIŊI appeared unglossed in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. singe “salt” and (adjective) ᴱQ. singwa “salt” (QL/83). It had similar derivatives the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon: G. sing and singrin “salt”, noun and adjective (GL/67). I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√SIÑGI to salvage these early words.

Derivatives

  • Eq. singe “salt” ✧ QL/083

Element in

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. senda “like, something like, similar” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. sesta- “to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. se “as, like, in manner of” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. seste “similarity” ✧ QL/082

Variations

  • SENE² ✧ QL/082
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vḷkḷ

root.

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. valkane “torture” and ᴱQ. vilkin “bitter, evil”, serving as the basis for ᴱQ. Valkarauke, the Qenya name of Balrogs (QL/100). In later writings the initial element of this name was derived from √BAL “(divine) power”.

Derivatives

  • Eq. valke “edge, sharp blade” ✧ QL/101
  • Eq. valka “cruel, bitter” ✧ QL/101
  • Eq. vilki- “to cut” ✧ QL/101
  • Eq. vilkin “bitter, evil” ✧ QL/101
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

tára

adjective. lofty, high, tall

Changes

  • dáratára ✧ PE12/021

Cognates

  • G. dara “lofty” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; QL/087
  • ᴱ✶taχsođa “seated high” ✧ PE12/021
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TAHA > tāra[daxrā] > [daxra] > [daɣra] > [dāra] > [tāra]✧ QL/087

Variations

  • dára ✧ PE12/021 (dára)
  • tāra ✧ PE15/74; PME/088; QL/087
  • taira ✧ QL/087 (taira)
Early Quenya [LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; PE12/021; PE14/046; PE14/048; PE14/078; PE14/081; PE15/74; PE15/78; PME/088; QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tahóra

adjective. lofty

Changes

  • dahóratahóra “lofty” ✧ PE12/021

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶taχsođa “seated high” ✧ PE12/021
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”
  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ QL/087

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶taχ-sṓđā́ > tahóra[taxsōðā] > [taxsōða] > [taxsōza] > [taxsōra] > [tahōra]✧ PE12/021
ᴱ√TAHA > tahōra[taxsōðā] > [taxsōða] > [taxsōza] > [taxsōra] > [tahōra]✧ QL/087

Variations

  • dahóra ✧ PE12/021 (dahóra)
  • tahōra ✧ PME/088; QL/087 (tahōra)
  • tayóra ✧ QL/087
Early Quenya [PE12/021; PME/088; QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orda

adjective. lofty

orwa

adjective. lofty

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ORO “steepness, rising” ✧ QL/070

Element in

  • Eq. ordie “height, loftiness” ✧ QL/070

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ORO¹ > orwa[orwā] > [orwa]✧ QL/070

Variations

  • orda ✧ QL/070
Early Quenya [QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tande

adverb. thither

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lahta-

verb.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAHA “*open, extend” ✧ QL/050

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LAHA > lahta-[laxta-]✧ QL/050
Early Quenya [QL/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

isqa

adjective. wise

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ISI “*know” ✧ LT2A/Eldarissa; QL/043

Element in

  • Eq. isqale “cleverness” ✧ QL/043

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ISI¹ > iswa[iswā] > [iswa]✧ QL/043

Variations

  • iswa ✧ LT2A/Eldarissa; QL/043
Early Quenya [LT2A/Eldarissa; QL/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iswa

adjective. wise