pinnath gelin

place name. Green Ridges

A fiefdom in Gondor, glossed “Green Hills” in The Lord of the Rings (LotR/771) and elsewhere translated “Green Ridges”, “Green Downs” (RC/525), “Green Slopes” or “Green Crests/Ridges” (PE17/24). This name appears to be a combination of the class-plural of pind “crest, ridge” and the lenited plural form of calen “green”.

Conceptual Development: When it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name was already N. Pinnath Gelin (WR/280).

pind

noun. crest, ridge

A word for “crest, ridge” (PE17/24) or a “long (low) hill with a sharp ridge against the skyline” (PE17/97). Tolkien seems to have coined this word to explain the abnormal “double plural” form pinnath in S. Pinnath Gelin “Green Hills or Ridges” (LotR/771; RC/525). It is clear he originally intended pinnath to be derived from S. pend “slope” < √PED, but it was a somewhat peculiar combination of the normal plural form pind with the class plural suffix -ath (PE17/24). By introducing S. pind “ridge” < √KWIN, Tolkien resolved this quandary (PE17/158).

Conceptual Development: The notion of this “double plural” form dates all the way back to the Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, where it seems the noun ᴱN. binn “slope, hillside, bank” was developed from the plural form of the adjective ᴱN. benn “sloping”, and the plural of the noun was binniath (PE13/138, 160). It seems likely that pinnath was initially a remnant of this double pluralization, before Tolkien reconceived of it as a derivative of √KWIN.

pirin

noun. flower that opened and shut quickly with any change of light

A word in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 for a “flower that opened and shut quickly with any change of light” based on √PIRI “blink” (PE17/146). This flower name was part of an attempt by Tolkien to come up with a new etymology for S. alfirin after he decided that √LA was not a negative element, so that alfirin could no longer mean “immortelle”.

Pinnath Gelin

noun. green ridges

pinnath (collective plural of ? [His.]), celin (pl. of calen- “green”)

Pinnath Gelin

'Green Slopes'

topon. 'Green Slopes', 'Green Crest/ridges'. Dialectal of late Gondorian Sindarin for the pl. pennath blended with other plural forms pinn, pind. >> pind, pinn

Pinnath Gelin

'Green-crests'

topon. 'Green-crests'. >> pind, pinn

pind

noun. crest

n. crest, ridge, esp. used of long (low) hill with a sharp ridge against skyline. Q. quíne. >> pend 1/2, pinn, Pinnath Gelin

pinn

noun. crest

n. crest, ridge, esp. used of long (low) hill with a sharp ridge against skyline. Q. quíne. >> pend 1/2, pind, Pinnath Gelin

pirin

noun. a flower that opened ans shut quickly with any change of light at [some? not?] even a pansy closed

n. Bot. a flower that opened ans shut quickly with any change of light at [some? not?] even a pansy closed. Q. pirinde, pirne.

pihen

adjective. juicy

pinnath

noun. ridges, group of downs

pi

adverb. if

Pinnath Gelin

Pinnath Gelin

Usually translated as Green Hills, and sometimes as Green Downs, the meaning of the name Pinnath Gelin would be actually closer to Green Ridges, Green Slopes or Green Crests. The first word was the dialectical Sindarin or Gondor Sindarin pinnath. The second was the plural of the word calen, "green".

pir-

verb. to stir, stir round, make spin

piruin

noun. spinning wheel

pil-

verb. to steal, thieve, rob

A neologism for “steal, thieve, rob” coined by Fiona Jallings, inspired by [ᴱQ.] pil- “to steal”. Personally I would use this verb only for “steal, thieve = steal by stealth or trickery”, as opposed to ᴺS. raph- “snatch, seize, steal” = “rob, steal by violence”.

pilin(d)

noun. arrow, [G.] dart

@@@ from pilind-

pilu

noun. stealing, robbery, theft

A neologism for “stealing, robbery, theft” coined by Fiona Jallings, inspired by [ᴱQ.] pilwe “robbery, theft”.

pimp

noun. tail

A neologism for “tail” coined by Paul Strack in 2021 specifically for Eldamo, the Sindarin equivalent of ᴺQ. pimpë. Jenna Carpenter suggested ᴺS. pim “tail” in VQP (VQP), but I see no reason why the p would vanish; compare to S. nimp “pale”.

pihen

juicy

*pihen (lenited bihen; pl. pihin). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” pichen (LR:382 s.v. PIS).

pind

slope

(noun) 1) #pind (i bind; construct pin) (declivity), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin). 2) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (incline), pl. telaid (i thelaid).

pind

declivity

*pind (i bind; construct pin) (slope), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin).

pind

ridge

pind (i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

pigen

tiny

(lenited bigen; pl. pigin)

pihen

juicy

(lenited bihen; pl. pihin). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” pichen (LR:382 s.v. PIS).

pind

ridge

(i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

pibin

noun. small berry, haw

pilimbes

noun. arrow feathering

pilinoth

noun. arrow of war, arrow sent as a summons to war

pim

noun. tail

piren

adjective. spun, rounded, cylindrical

pillor

noun. bat (animal)

pista-

verb. to suppose

galenas

noun. pipeweed, nicotiana, *tobacco

The Sindarin word for “pipeweed [✱tobacco]” (LotR/869). In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages in the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien gave it the gloss “nicotiana” and said its original form was galanes, assembled from [[q|[g]ala-]] “plant, grow” and (primitive?) ✶nes- “sweet smelling”, with a Quenya cognate Q. alanessë (PE17/100).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. fuglas “tobacco” (with variants fuglos, fauglas), a combination of G. fug- “smoulder” and G. lass “leaf” (GL/36). Some remnant of this earlier form might be seen in N. fuilas, the first word Tolkien gave for pipeweed in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (WR/38). Tolkien revised this to N. marlas and then N. romloth before settling on N. galenas (WR/38).

cordof

masculine name. Pippin

Sindarin translation of the name Pippin, referring to the son of Samwise Gamgee rather than the Peregrin Took (SD/117, 126). This name may have the same meaning as Pippin = Wes. razar “a kind of small red apple” (PM/51), as suggested by David Salo (GS/346).

cordof

noun. pippin, *a type of yellow and red apple

The Sindarin name for “Pippin” (SD/126), possibly of the same meaning as the English word: that of a type of yellow and red apple. If so, its initial element may be √KOR “round”.

elanor

noun. pimpernel, small golden star-shaped flower, (lit.) sun-star

The name of a flower in Lórien translated “sun-star” also given as the name of the first daughter of Samwise (LotR/1026). It is a combination of el “star” and Anor “sun” (PE17/55). In notes for the tale of Aldarion and Erendis, Tolkien said it also grew in Númenor and “was a small golden star-shaped flower” (UT/216 note #20). In a letter to Amy Ronald from 1969, Tolkien described it as “a pimpernel (perhaps a little enlarged) growing sun-golden flowers and star-silver ones on the same plant, and sometimes the two combined” (Let/402). Thus it was either a golden star-shaped flower or a pimpernel-like plant growing both sun-coloured and star-coloured flowers.

thôn

noun. pine-tree

The Sindarin word for “pine-tree”, most notably as an element in the names Dorthonion “Land of Pines” and Orod-na-Thôn “Mount of the Pine Tree(s)”. Tolkien gave it as thôn < ✶stŏna in a 1955 letter to David Masson (PE17/82) and as {thaun >>} thôn in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, derived from {✶stāna >> ✶thānĭ- >>} ✶thŏno (PE17/81).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. thaun “pine-tree” under the root ᴹ√THŌN of the same meaning (Ety/THŌN). Likely the vowel in this root was a fronted ǭ, which became au in both Sindarin and Noldorin.

In the 1910s and 20s, the “pine-tree” word was ᴱN./G. aigos, first glossed {“cheshnut tree”} in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/17), with a variant form G. aiguis in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/108), and simply as ᴱN. aigos “pine-tree” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/136, 158). It was replaced by thaun/thôn in Tolkien’s later writing, as noted above.

argonath

place name. Pillars of the Kings, (lit.) Royal Stones

Two statues of Gondorian kings just north of Nen Hithoel, translated “Pillars of the Kings” (LotR/392), more literally “(Pair of) Royal Stones” (RC/347, RGEO/67, Let/427). It is combination of the prefix ar(a)- “noble”, the noun gond “stone”, and the class-plural suffix -ath (RC/347).

It is not clear why this noun uses the class-plural. However, in one place Tolkien describes a dual variant argonad using the archaic dual suffix †-ad (Let/427). Perhaps this was the original form of the name, altered to Argonath after the Sindarin dual form was forgotten.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Sern Aran(ath) “King Stones” along with an alternate name N. Sern Ubed “[Stones of] Denial” (WR/98, 132). Later in these drafts it was revised to N. Argonath (TI/366).

mâf

noun. pile or mass of rock or earth

A noun from 1967 notes on the comparative, glossed “a pile or mass of rock or earth” (PE17/93). It appeared underneath the root √MBŎNO, but was almost certainly actually derived from √MAB “lump, mass” appearing earlier in the same notes (PE17/90). Both these roots were considered as a new basis for the words Q. ambo and S. amon “hill” when Tolkien repurposed the root √AM “up” as √AMA “addition, increase, plus” in order to serve as a new basis for Quenya comparative forms, with √MAB >> √MBŎNO.

Neo-Eldarin: Given the evolution of its roots, this Sindarin word is pretty dubious, but I don’t have a good alternative for it at the moment.

thaun

pine

pl1. thoen n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> Dor I thoen, thôn. This gloss was rejected.

thôn

noun. pine

n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> thôn, thaun . This gloss was rejected.

thôn

noun. pine

n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> Dor I thoen, thôn. This gloss was rejected.

maeg

adjective. sharp, piercing, piercing, sharp, *penetrating

cordof

noun. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple)

galenas

noun. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana

mirian

noun. piece of money, coin used in Gondor

roval

noun. pinion, great wing (of eagle)

thôn

noun. pine-tree

haudh

noun. (funeral) mound, grave; heap, piled mound, (funeral) mound, grave, [N.] tomb; [orig.] †heap, piled mound

A word appearing in numerous names, usually translated “mound” or “funeral mound”. In revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) made around 1959, Tolkien described its origin as follows:

> √KHAB- “heap up, pile up”: khabdā “pile, (artificial) mound”: S haudh, funeral mound ... The sense “funeral mound, especially one in which weapons and other valuables were also buried” shows probably that haudh is also derived from the (perhaps ultimately related) √KHAW “cover up, hide away, lay in store”; with extension ✱KHAWAD “store, hoard” (PE19/91).

Here the ancient combination of stops in ✶khabdā developed as usual in Sindarin: abd became auð, and indeed it was the main example of this development.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the word N. hauð “mound, grave, tomb” was derived from ᴹ✶khagda “pile, mound” under the root ᴹ√KHAG “pile up” (Ety/KHAG); in that document the sense “grave” was likewise due to the influence of ᴹ√KHAW, though in The Etymologies this root was glossed “rest, lie at ease” (Ety/KHAW). This word also appeared in the contemporaneous Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s as a derivative of ᴹ✶khagdā, but there its form was haeð (PE19/45), reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the phonetic developments of agd and whether it became auð or aið &gt; aeð.

In the Outline of Phonology (OP2) as first composed in the early 1950s, Tolkien initially retained the derivation from ✶khagdā as in The Etymologies (PE19/91-92 note #110). But he eventually decided that agd > aið > aeð, at which point he needed a new etymology for haudh “funeral mound”, so he changed √KHAG “pile up” to √KHAB.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use the circa-1959 derivation from √KHAB given above, with the caveat that I’d limit the sense “lay in store” to the extended root √KHAWAD, to allow the retention of various useful words derived from 1930s ᴹ√KHAW “rest, lie at ease”. I’d limit haudh to mounds associated with death (as well as tombs in general); for “mound” in the ordinary sense I would use [ᴺS.] tund.

iâ

noun. chasm, pit; void, abyss, chasm, pit; void, abyss; [N.] gulf

A word variously glossed “void, abyss” (Let/383), “chasm, pit” (PE17/35), or “gulf” (Ety/YAG), it was the final element in the name S. Moria “Black Chasm, Black Pit”. It was a derivative of the root √YAG. In The Etymologies of the 1930s its primitive form was given as ᴹ✶yagu- (Ety/YAG), in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s its primitive form was ᴹ✶yagō (RS/437), while in a 1967 letter its primitive form was ✶yagā (Let/383).

orod-na-thôn

place name. Mount of the Pine Tree(s)

A mountain in Dorthonion (LotR/469) translated “Pine-mountain” (RC/384) or “Mount of the Pine Tree(s)” (PE17/147). This name is a combination of orod “mountain”, na(n) “of” and thôn “pine-tree” (PE17/82).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as (singular) N. Orod Thon >> (plural) N. Orod Thuin (TI/420), omitting the na “of”.

pend

noun/adjective. slope, steep incline, hill side; sloping (down), steeply inclined, slope, steep incline, hill side, [N.] declivity; [S.] sloping (down), steeply inclined

A noun for “slope” (RC/525) or a “steep incline, hill side” (PE17/24), also used as an adjective for “steeply inclined, sloping down” (PE17/24) or “steeply sloping” (PE17/173). In keeping with the general conventions of this lexicon, I represent it as pend since Tolkien said -nd frequently survived “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115), but in his notes Tolkien marked pend as Old Sindarin and gave penn as the modern form (PE17/24, 173).

Conceptual Development: The earliest appearance of this word was in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as ᴱN. benn (†bend) with glosses like “inclined, sloping” (PE13/138) or “slanting, sloping, up or down hill” (PE13/160). In this period it as derived from primitive ᴱ✶bendā and was an adjective only; the noun form was ᴱN. binn.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it first appeared as N. denn (†dend) “sloping” as a derivative of ᴹ√DEN “hillside, slope”, but the meaning of this root was change to ᴹ√DEN “hole; gap, passage” (Ety/DEN). Tolkien introduced a new root ᴹ√PEN(ED) with the derivative N. penn (†pend) “declivity” (Ety/PEN). In later writings, though, its root form was √PED instead of ᴹ√PEN, as √PEN was given the new sense “lack, be without” (PE17/173; WJ/375).

randir

noun. wanderer, wandering man, pilgrim

The Sindarin word for “wanderer”, also translated “wandering man, pilgrim”, a combination of √RAN “wander” and dîr “man” (PE17/60; VT42/13). It was most notably used in Gandalf’s name Mithrandir “Grey Pilgrim, Grey Wanderer” (LotR/670, 827). In one place the final syllable had a long í: randír (VT42/13); this is peculiar since long vowels usually shorten in final syllables.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. amrog “nomand, wanderer”, with feminine variant G. amraith or amrad, based on G. amra- “go up and down = wander” (GL/19). A possible Gnomish plural form amruith appears in amruith-torni “✱gipsies”; see that entry for details. The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. rhandir “wanderer, pilgrim” under the ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” (Ety/RAN), the same as its later form except with the Noldorin-only sound change of initial r becoming voiceless rh.

tachol

noun. brooch, clasp, pin

A word glossed “clasp, brooch” in both versions of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1: PE18/51) and around 1950 (TQ2: PE18/100) derived from primitive ✶tankla based on the root √TAK “fix, fasten”. N. tachol also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast” where it had the same derivation but the glosses “pin, brooch” (Ety/TAK). In notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969, Tolkien said the ordinary Sindarin form was tachl ([taxḷ] or [taxǝl]) and the fuller form tachol was limited to North Sindarin (PE23/137).

The earlier forms of this word illustrate the phonetic development whereby final l became syllabic and developed into -ol in Sindarin/Noldorin. Tolkien late decision to make the Sindarin form be tachl indicates his vacillation on this sound change.

mâf

noun. a pile or mass of rock or earth

n. a pile or mass of rock or earth.

leutha-

verb. to pick (up/out)

aeg

adjective. sharp, sharp, [N.] pointed, piercing

ar iorhael, gelir, cordof, ar baravorn, ionnath dîn

and Frodo, Merry, Pippin and Hamfast his sons

@@@ should be revised to use v3 of the letter from AotM

leutha-

verb. to pick up or out (with the fingers)

maeg

adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something

randír

noun. wanderer, pilgrim

em

noun. picture, image

A neologism for “picture” coined by Fiona Jallings, the Sindarin equivalent of Q. emma of the same meaning.

elanor

pimpernel

: the word elanor (pl. elanoer) refers to a kind of pimpernel with golden and silver flowers.

thafn

pillar

(wooden pillar) thafn (post), pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

thôn

pine-tree

thôn (pl. thŷn, coll. pl. ?thonath). In the linguistic scenario of the Etymologies, the ”Noldorin” word for ”pine-tree” was thaun pl. thuin, and thôn was rather ”Ilkorin”. However, when Tolkien revised his legendarium so that Sindarin replaced Ilkorin as the native Elven-tongue of Beleriand, names like Dorthonion ”Land of Pines” must be interpreted as containing a Sindarin word for pine. Adj. #thonion ”having pine trees” (isolated from the name Dorthonion), pl. thonyn

elanor

pimpernel

(pl. elanoer) refers to a kind of pimpernel with golden and silver flowers.

hunc

noun. pig

A noun appearing as G. hunc “pig” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s of unclear derivation (GL/49).

Neo-Sindarin: I’d retain this word as ᴺS. hunc for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as there are no good alternatives.

thôn

pine-tree

(pl. th**ŷn, coll. pl. ?thonath). In the linguistic scenario of the Etymologies, the ”Noldorin” word for ”pine-tree” was thaun pl. thuin, and thôn was rather ”Ilkorin”. However, when Tolkien revised his legendarium so that Sindarin replaced Ilkorin as the native Elven-tongue of Beleriand, names like Dorthonion ”Land of Pines” must be interpreted as containing a Sindarin word for pine. Adj. #thonion ”having pine trees” (isolated from the name Dorthonion), pl. thonyn**

aeg

piercing

(adj.) aeg (pointed, sharp). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".

cordof

pippin

(small red apple) cordof (i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll. pl. cordovath

dath

pit

dath (i dhath) (hole, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

galenas

pipe-weed

galenas (i **alenais) (tobacco), pl. gelenais (i ngelenais = i ñelenais), coll pl. galenassath**

galenas

pipe-weed

galenas (i **alenais), pl. gelenais (i ngelenais = i ñelenais), coll pl. galenassath**

leutha

pick up or out

leutha- (VT47:10, 23; the diphthong eu seems unusual for Sindarin):

nedhu

pillow

1) *nedhu (bolster), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378 s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath. 2) pesseg (i besseg, o phesseg), pl. pessig (i phessig)

pelthaes

pivot

pelthaes (i belthaes), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phelthaes)

randir

pilgrim

randir (wanderer), no distinct pl. form except with article: idh randir

roval

pinion

roval (wing, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel.

sarnas

pile of stones

sarnas (i harnas, o sarnas) (cairn), pl. sernais (i sernais)

sarnas

pile of stones

sarnas (i harnas, o sarnas) (cairn), pl. sernais (i sernais).

tachol

pin

(noun) tachol (i dachol, o thachol) (brooch), analogical pl. techyl (i thechyl)

aeg

piercing

(pointed, sharp). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".

cordof

pippin

(i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll. pl. cordovath

dath

pit

(i dhath) (hole, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

galenas

pipe-weed

(i ’alenais) (tobacco), pl. gelenais (i ngelenais = i ñelenais), coll pl. galenassath

gonnoth

noun. pillar, stele, memorial

nedhu

pillow

(bolster), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378 s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath.

pelthaes

pivot

(i belthaes), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phelthaes)

pesseg

pillow

(i besseg, o phesseg), pl. pessig (i phessig)

randir

pilgrim

(wanderer), no distinct pl. form except with article: idh randir

roval

pinion

(wing, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

sarnas

pile of stones

(i harnas, o sarnas) (cairn), pl. sernais (i sernais)

tachol

pin

(i dachol, o thachol) (brooch), analogical pl. techyl (i thechyl)

thafn

pillar

(post), pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

thibinor

noun. piper

gwirfin

noun. braid, pigtail, (lit.) woven-tress

A neologism for “braid, pigtail” coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, a combination of [ᴺS.] gwir- “weave” and find “tress”, so literally “woven tress”. It is inspired by G. cingrafindl of similar meaning.

leb-

verb. to pick, pluck, take or feel or touch with fingers, cull

olf

noun. jar, flagon, *pitcher

rod

noun. tube, stem, *pipe

semp

noun. flute, pipe, whistle

thivol

noun. whistle, piccolo

puia

spit

puia- (i buia, i phuiar)

puia

spit

(i buia, i phuiar)

tess

fine pierced hole

(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Older ters (VT46:18).

tess

fine pierced hole

(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Archaic ters *(VT46:18)*****

naub

noun. thumb

A word for the thumb given as nawb in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from 1968 (VT48/5), clearly based on the root √NAP “pick up” (VT47/29). Its dual form nobad was used to refer to the “thumb and index [finger] as a pair” (VT48/5).

Conceptual Development: In rough drafts of these notes, Tolkien used lebed for “thumb, picker” from primitive ✶lepet(ā) (VT47/27). In early writings N. lhebed was instead “finger” (Ety/LEP), and its use for “thumb” was likely a transient idea.

raw

noun. wing

The Sindarin word for “wing” (PE17/63) based on the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM). Its Quenya cognate ráma indicates its ancient vowel ā was long, and this long ā became au (aw) in Sindarin. Meanwhile, the ancient m became v, which then vanished after the diphthong aw: ✱rāmā > raum(a) > rau(v) > raw.

Conceptual Development: The word G. ram “wing, pinion” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was similarly derived (GL/64), but in Gnomish m did not become v.

aeg

noun. point

The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"

galenas

noun. nicotiana

n. Bot. nicotiana, Gondor S. For 'pipeweed'. Q. alanesse, alenesse. >> galen

haudh

noun. heap

Dor. heap, piled mound

iâ

chasm

_ n. _chasm, pit. >> Moria

pend

slope

pl1. pind _n. _slope. >> #penn, pind, pinn

penn

slope

pl1. pinn _n. _slope. >> #pend

pîn

adjective. little

Similar words occur in Gnomish (pinig "tiny, little", PE/11:64) and in Qenya (pinea "small" etc., PE/12:73)

píeg

noun. mosquito

A neologism coined by Hialmr in 2018-04-22 on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), as a combination of ✶pī “small insect” and [N.] êg “thorn”.

pîn

adjective. little

pîl

noun. thief, robber

A neologism for “thief, robber” coined by Fiona Jallings, inspired by [ᴱQ.] pilu of the same meaning. Fiona originally gave this word as pil with a short i, but I think it is more likel the î would be long in a monosyllable.

aeg

sharp

1) aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)

aeg

point

1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)

calen

green

1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).

dath

hole

1) dath (i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8), 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais), 3)

galenas

tobacco

1) galenas (i **alenais) (pipe-weed), pl. gelenais (i ngelenais = i ñelenais), coll pl. galenassath, 2) romloth (”horn-flower”), pl. remlyth (archaic römlyth**)

lant

fall

_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

narn

tale

1) narn (saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. nern**; 2) pent (i bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i threnern); 4) gwanod (i **wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd).

naub

thumb

*naub (pl. noeb). The spelling used in the source is nawb (VT48:5). Dual nobad, used of the thumb and the index finger grouped together in the act of picking something (VT48:5, 6). In childrens play the thumb was also called atheg, ”little father” (pl. ethig) (VT48:6, 17)

pend

declivity

pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath

pent

story

pent (i bent, o phent) (tale), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath.

peth

word

peth (i beth, o pheth), pl. pith (i phith)

randir

wanderer

randir (pilgrim), no distinct pl. form except with article: idh randir. ”” as name of the Moon, see MOON.

roval

wing

1) roval (pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel. 2) rafn (horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

saw

juice

1) saw (i haw, o saw), pl. soe (i soe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was sui (LR:385 s.v. SAB). 2) *paich (i baich, o phaich) (syrup), pl. pîch (i phîch). The source (LR:382 s.v. PIS) cites the archaic form peich.

tachol

brooch

tachol (i dachol, o thachol) (pin), analogical pl. techyl (i thechyl)

thafn

post

(= wooden pillar) thafn, pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

till

point

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

tithen

tiny

1) tithen (lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (little), 2) mîw (small, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form; 3) pigen (lenited bigen; pl. pigin)

aeg

sharp

(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".

aeg

point

(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".

calen

green

(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").

ceber

stone ridge

(i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

dath

steep fall

(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).

dath

hole

(i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

galenas

tobacco

(i ’alenais) (pipe-weed), pl. gelenais (i ngelenais = i ñelenais), coll pl. galenassath

lant

fall

(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lhê

fine thread

(?i thlê or ?i lê – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.

narn

tale

(saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. *nern***; 2) pent (i** bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i** phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i** drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i** threnern); 4) gwanod (i ’wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**).

paich

juice

(i baich, o phaich) (syrup), pl. pîch (i phîch). The source (LR:382 s.v. PIS) cites the archaic form peich.

pend

declivity

(i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath

peng

bow

(i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing)

pent

story

(i bent, o phent) (tale), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath.

peth

word

(i beth, o pheth), pl. pith (i phith)

randir

wanderer

(pilgrim), no distinct pl. form except with article: idh randir. ”

roval

wing

(pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

tachol

brooch

(i dachol, o thachol) (pin), analogical pl. techyl (i thechyl)

till

point

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

pêg

small spot

pêg (i bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i phîg)

pêg

small spot

pêg (i bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i phîg)

pêg

dot

pêg (i bêg, construct peg) (small spot), pl. pîg (i phîg)

tithen

little

1) tithen (lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (tiny), 2) pîn (lenited bîn; no distinct pl. form) (RC:536).

pêg

small spot

(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg) 

pêg

small spot

(i bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i phîg)

pêg

dot

(i bêg, construct peg) (small spot), pl. pîg (i phîg)

lebed

noun. thumb

narn

noun. tale, tale, [N.] saga

niben

adjective. petty, petty, *small

finios

noun. larch

pess

noun. feather

plinn

noun. arrow

pîr

noun. cream

thibin

noun. flute

adlanna

slope

(vb.) *adlanna- (slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.

ae

lE conjunction. if, supposing

Cognate of Q. ai.

am

upon

(prep.) am (probably followed by soft mutation)

balch

cruel

1) balch (lenited malch; pl. belch), 2) baug (tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

brand

fine

1) brand (high, lofty, noble), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 2) trîw (lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (slender) , 3) *lhind (slender), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Sugggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.

cûm

heap

1) cûm (i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (mound), pl. cuim (i chuim). 2) ovras (crowd), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

danna

fall

(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

dram

blow

dram (i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);

echor

ring

(outer ring or circle) echor (pl. echyr). It is unclear what the Sindarin word for an ornamental ring is; the cognate of Quenya corma would be *corf (i gorf, o chorf; pl. cyrf, i chyrf, coll. pl. corvath).

ercha

prick

(verb) 1) ercha- (i ercha, in erchar), 2) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (point, stick, thrust)

fim

slender

fim (slim). No distinct pl. form. (LotR Appendix F). 3) nind (thin, fragile); no distinct pl. form. 4)

glinga

hang

*glinga- (i **linga, in glingar**) (dangle). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)

hadhod

dwarf

1) hadhod (i chadhod, o chadhod), pl. hedhyd (i chedhyd), coll. pl. hadhodrim (WJ:388). This was a word borrowed from Dwarvish Khazâd. 2) naug (in compounds -nog), pl. #noeg, coll. pl. naugrim, nogrim. (WJ:388, 408, 413; VT45:13). In ”Noldorin” the pl. was nuig, but the Sindarin pl. form noeg is attested in Nibin-noeg ”Petty-dwarves” (WJ:187, 420). Note: naug is also used as an adj. ”dwarfed, stunted”. This word for ”dwarf” also appears in a diminutive form: naugol (in compounds naugla-), coll. pl. nauglath. 2)

hoth

crowd

1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth), 2) ovras (heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath, 3) rim (great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

hwinia

twirl

hwinia- (i chwinia, i chwiniar) (whirl, eddy)

hûn

heart

1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

iaew

scorn

iaew (mocking); no distinct pl. form.

iâ

chasm

iâ (gulf, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

laeg

keen

laeg (sharp, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.

lhind

slender

1) *lhind (fine), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind. 2)

malad

gold

(as metal) 1) malad (i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl. 2) malt (i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i **lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10) GOLD (COLOUR?) *mall (i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.

ment

point

(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.

mîw

small

1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)

nasta

point

(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

niben

petty

niben (small), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger (VT48:6).

nogoth

dwarf

nogoth (pl. negyth; coll. pl. nogothrim). Archaic pl. ”noegyth” = nögyth (WJ:388, 408) 3) norn (pl. nyrn, coll. pl. nornwaith). From the adj. norn ”twisted, knotted, crabbed, hard”. (MR:93, WJ:205) 4) #Gonhir (i **Onhir), literally ”Master of Stone”, no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir, maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim _(WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”) _The coll. pl. Dornhoth** ("Thrawn folk") (WJ:388, 408) also refers to the Dwarves.

or

on

(prep.) 1) or (above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin. 2)

po

on

po (lenited bo) (VT44:23)

rêg

holly

rêg (construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh rîg). See also LOW-GROWING TREE

saer

bitter

saer (lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).

serni

shingle

serni (i herni, o serni) (pebble-bank), no distinct pl. form except with article (i serni)

sâd

spot

sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (place, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

taes

nail

taes (i daes, o thaes), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaes).

tang

string

(bowstring) tang (i dang, o thang), pl. teng (i theng)

thurin

secret

(adjective) 1) thurin (hidden); no distinct pl. form, 2) dolen (hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin;

torech

hole

torech (i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

trîw

slender

trîw (lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (fine).

tûg

fat

tûg (lenited dûg, pl. tuig) (thick)

-il

point

suff. point, ending. >> niphredil, til

adlanna-

verb. to slope, slant

amloth

noun. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a tall helmet

beth

noun. word

_n. _word.

bo

preposition. on

calen

adjective. green

calen

green

(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.

cidinn

adjective. small

_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

cinnog

adjective. small

_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

cor

noun. ring, circle

cova-

verb. gather

weak intr. v. gather, assemble, come to same place, meet. mae-govannen 'well met'. This gloss was rejected.

cû

noun. bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon

danna

fall

_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.

danna-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

dant

noun. fall

dern

Dwarf

pl2. dernlir n. Dwarf. >> gorn

dornhoth

noun. the Dwarves, lit. "the Thrawn Folk"

edhel

noun. Elf

eitha-

verb. to prick with a sharp point, to stab

eitha-

verb. to treat with scorn, insult

eledh

noun. Elf

elen

noun. Elf

ell

noun. Elf

ereg

noun. holly-tree, thorn

ereg

noun. holly

_ n. Bot. _holly. >> Eregion

erin

preposition. on the

glaer

noun. tale, [N.] long lay, narrative poem, [S.] tale, song

gorn

Dwarf

pl2. gornhoth** ** n. Dwarf (hostile implication). >> dern

gwinig

noun. little-one, baby

A word for a “baby” or “little one”, a combination of the root √WIN “young” with the diminutive suffix -ig (VT48/6), hence more literally “✱little young one”.

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

hadhod

noun. Dwarf

hadhodrim

noun. the Dwarves (as a race)

hand

noun. [unglossed]

hwind

adjective. twirling, whirling

hwinia-

verb. to twirl, whirl, eddy

hûl

noun. secret

A noun for “secret” of unclear derivation, appearing in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969 (PE23/136).

laeb

adjective. green

_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.

laeg

green

_ adj. _green. >> Legolas

laeg

adjective. green

_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.

laeg

adjective. keen, sharp, acute

lant

noun. fall

laud

noun. feather

A Sindarin word for “feather”, attested only its suffixal form -lod in the name gwaelod “wind feather” (PE23/142). It is derived from ✶lauto, so its Sindarin singular form would be ✱laud.

lhind

adjective. fine, slender

madu

?. [unglossed]

malt

noun. gold, gold (as metal)

A noun for “gold” based on the root √MALAT. The Etymologies of the 1930s specified that N. malt was “gold (as metal)” derived from the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL). This is consistent with Tolkien’s later notes in which Q. malta was “gold (metal)”, as opposed to Q. laurë/S. glaur which was “gold (colour or light)” (PE17/51, 159). Note that in The Etymologies the form was revised to (h)malt indicating an archaic voiceless hm that was the result of ancient sm (EtyAC/SMAL), but this would no longer be the case after the root became √MALAT.

maud

?. [unglossed]

megor

adjective. sharp-pointed

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

naug

noun. dwarf

_ n. _dwarf. [PE17:46] >> cadhad, nogon, nogoth

naugrim

noun. Dwarves

nawb

noun. thumb

negen

sharp

_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn

negn

sharp

_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen

niben

adjective. small, petty

niben

adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

niben-nog

noun. Petty dwarf

_ n. _Petty dwarf. [PE17:46] >> cadhad, noged, nogon, nogoth

nimp

adjective. small and frail

nind

adjective. slender

noged

Petty dwarf

pl1. nœgid _ n. _Petty dwarf. [PE17:46] >> cadhad, nogon, nogoth

nogon

dwarf

pl1. nogoth, pl2. nogothrim, naugrim** _ n. _dwarf. _fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen _'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. Tolkien first glosed nogoth as 'a dwarf'. [**PE17:45-6] >> noegin, nogoth

nogoth

noun. Dwarf, lit. "the Stunted Folk"

nogotheg

noun. lit. "dwarflet", a name of the Petty-Dwarves

nogothrim

noun. Dwarf-folk

nornwaith

noun. the Dwarves

nîdh

noun. juice

juice

nîdh

noun. juice, [N.] honeycomb; [S.] juice

A noun for “juice” appearing in 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), derived from ✶negdē “exudation” based on the root √NEG “ooze, drip”; its Quenya cognate was Q. nehtë “honey” (PE19/91). Sindarin nîdh was a later iteration of N. {nēdh >>} nīdh “honeycomb” in The Etymologies of the 1930s which had essentially the same derivation (EtyAC/NEG). This in turn was a later form of G. nectha “honey comb” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/60), cognate to ᴱQ. nekte “honey” and hence derived from the early root ᴱ√NEHE having to do with bees and honey (QL/65).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use nîdh with its earlier meaning “honeycomb”. For “juice” I’d use other words like [N.] saw and [ᴺS.] paich (adapted from N. peich).

paich

noun. juice, syrup

penedh

noun. Elf

penn

noun. declivity, slope

penneth

noun. ridges, group of downs

peth

noun. word

peth

word

(beth) _ n. word. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen _'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. Q. quetta. >> beth

peth

noun. word

rafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

raw

wing

n. wing. Q. ráma, pl1. rámar. >> Landroval, rov-, roval

rim

noun. crowd, host, great number

rov-

wing

pref. wing. >> Landroval, raw, roval

roval

wing

n. wing. >> Landroval, raw, rov-

tagol

noun. post, mark

thurin

masculine name. Secret

A name that Finduilas gave to Túrin translated “Secret” (UT/157), simply the adjective thurin “secret, hidden” used as a name.

til

point

n. point, ending. >> -il, niphredil

adlanna

slope

(slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.

ae

conjunction. if

aew

small bird

. No distinct pl. form.

aig

sharp

(no distinct pl. form).

am

upon

(probably followed by soft mutation)

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

balch

cruel

(lenited malch; pl. belch)

baug

cruel

(tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

brand

fine

(high, lofty, noble), lenited vrand, pl. braind

calben

elf of the great journey

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

cû

bow

(i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

cûm

heap

(i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (mound), pl. cuim (i chuim).

danna

fall

(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

dant

fall, falling

(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)

dod

noun. berry

dolen

secret

(hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin

dram

blow

(i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);

drambor

blow with fist

(i dhrambor) (clenched fist), pl. dramboer (in dramboer). Archaic ✱drambaur (dram + paur).

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

dû

nightfall

(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

echor

ring

(pl. echyr). It is unclear what the Sindarin word for an ornamental ring is; the cognate of Quenya corma would be ✱corf (i gorf, o chorf; pl. cyrf, i chyrf, coll. pl. corvath).

ecthel

spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

egnas

sharp point

(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.

eilian

rainbow

(pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).

eitha

prick with a sharp point

(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)

eitha

treat with scorn

(prick with a sharp point, stab, insult) (i eitha, in eithar)

elleth

elf-woman

(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

ellon

elf-man

(pl. ellyn)

elvellon

elf-friend

(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

fim

slender

(slim). No distinct pl. form. (LotR Appendix F). 3) nind (thin, fragile); no distinct pl. form. 4)

gass

hole

(i ’ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)

glinga

hang

(i ’linga, in glingar) (dangle). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)

glâd

small forest

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).

golu

secret lore

(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl. 

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

gwîn

pronoun. our (inclusive)

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

helch

bitterly cold

(lenited chelch; pl. hilch)

hoth

crowd

(i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hwinia

twirl

(i chwinia, i chwiniar) (whirl, eddy)

hûb

small landlocked bay

(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

iaew

scorn

(mocking); no distinct pl. form.

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

iâ

chasm

(gulf, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

laeg

green

(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386). 

laeg

keen

(sharp, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.

laeg

sharp

(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.

laegel

green-elf

pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil)  *(WJ:385)*.

lanthir

waterfall

(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

lasgalen

leaf-green

(pl. lesgelin).

lefn

elf left behind

pl. lifn.

lhind

slender

(fine), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.

lhind

fine

(slender), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Sugggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.

maecheneb

sharp-eyed

(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)

maeg

sharp

(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)

malad

gold

(i valad), pl. melaid (i melaid) if there is a pl.

mall

gold

(i vall), pl. mail (i mail) if there is a pl. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” malt.

malt

gold

(i valt), pl. melt (i melt) if there is a pl. (VT42:27). ”Gold” in extended senses: glawar (i ’lawar) (sunlight, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) (VT41:10)

megor

sharp-pointed

(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)

ment

point

(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **

miniel

first elf

(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

mîw

small

(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form

mîw

tiny

(small, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form

naeth

grief, gnashing of teeth in

(biting, woe); no distinct pl. form.

naith

point

(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.

nara

story

(i nara, in narar).

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **

nass

point

(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nasta

point

(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..

niben

small

(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 

niben

petty

(small), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger (VT48:6).

nimp

small

no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)

nind

adjective. slender

nogotheg

petty-dwarf

(”dwarflet”), pl. negethig for archaic nögethig (WJ:388).

or

on

(above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.

ovras

heap

(crowd), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

ovras

crowd

(heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

paich

noun. juice, syrup, juice, syrup, *sap

pant

noun. money

peredhel

half-elf

(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

po

on

(lenited bo) (VT44:23)

pítha-

verb. to shoot

pîn

pronoun. our (inclusive)

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

rafn

wing

(horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

rim

crowd

(great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

romloth

tobacco

(”horn-flower”), pl. remlyth (archaic römlyth)

rêg

holly

(construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh** rîg**). See also

saer

bitter

(lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).

saerlin

noun. urine

saw

juice

(i haw, o saw), pl. soe (i soe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was sui (LR:385 s.v. SAB).

send

grey-elf

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).

serni

shingle

(i herni, o serni) (pebble-bank), no distinct pl. form except with article (i serni)

sâd

spot

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (place, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

tadhos

noun. hawthorn

taes

nail

(i daes, o thaes), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaes).

tang

string

(i dang, o thang), pl. teng (i theng)

tent

noun. toe

thafn

post

pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

thela

spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.

thurin

secret

(hidden); no distinct pl. form

till

sharp horn

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

till

sharp-pointed peak

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

tinu

small star

(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely  tinwath.

tithen

tiny

(lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (little)

torech

hole

(i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

trîw

slender

(lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (fine).

trîw

fine

(lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (slender)

tûg

fat

(lenited dûg, pl. tuig) (thick)