Quenya 

ol-

grow

ol- vb. "grow" (VT45:13; this may be a primitive root rather than a Quenya verb)

ola-

verb. grow

Quenya [PE 22:113,116,124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ollo

cliff, seaward precipice

ollo (1) noun "cliff, seaward precipice" (also oldō - is this to be understood as the older form?) (LT1:252)

lil

more

lil adverbial particle "more" (PE14:80)

ala-

verb. grow

Quenya [PE 22:98; PE 22:164] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

alta-

grow

[alta- (3) vb. "grow" (VT45:13) or "make grow" (VT45:14)]

amba

more

amba 2) adj. and noun "more", "used of any kind of measurement spatial, temporal, or quantitative" (PE:17:91). Cf. adverb ambë.

amba

more

Derivations

  • ✶am- “intensive prefix” ✧ PE17/090
    • √AMA “addition, increase, plus”
  • ✶amba “more” ✧ PE17/091
    • √AMA “addition, increase, plus” ✧ PE17/091

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶amba > amba[amba]✧ PE17/091

Variations

  • amba ✧ PE17/090; PE17/091
Quenya [PE17/090; PE17/091] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambë

more

ambë adv. "more", "used of any kind of measurement spatial, temporal, or quantitative" (PE17:91). As noun or adjective, amba.

ambë

adverb. more

Cognates

  • ᴺS. am “more”

Derivations

  • ✶amba “more” ✧ PE17/091
    • √AMA “addition, increase, plus” ✧ PE17/091

Element in

  • Q. ambela “further still beyond, far away beyond” ✧ PE17/091
  • Q. am(be)na “nearer to” ✧ PE17/091

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶amba > ambe[ambe]✧ PE17/091

Variations

  • ambe ✧ PE17/091

aico

noun. cliff

Elements

WordGloss
aiqa“steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief”

varassë

noun. cliff

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, the Quenya equivalent of S. brass. You may use this form if you prefer words based only on roots from Tolkien’s later writing, but I think ᴱQ. aiko “cliff” remains viable for Neo-Quenya writing if modernized to the form ᴺQ. aico.

Cognates

  • S. brass “great cliff”

Derivations

  • √BARAS “height combined with strength/majesty”
    • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

am

adverb/adjective. more

Cognates

Derivations

  • √AMA “addition, increase, plus”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

gala

grow

gala- (i **ala, i ngalar** = i ñalar)

gala

grow

(i ’ala, i ngalar = i ñalar)

Primitive elvish

ol

root. *grow, [ᴹ√] grow [into]; *become

This root seems to have served various purposes throughout Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√OLO “tip”, unglossed ᴱ√OLO with derivatives like ᴱQ. olde “very, much” and ᴱQ. olto- “increase, multiply”, as well as ᴱ√OLO whose derivatives had to do with dreams (QL/69). The second root ᴱ√OLO² may have had the sense “✱increase, more”, which may have reemerged in the verb or primitive form ol- “grow” in a deleted entry from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GAL(AS)). The root ᴹ√OL “grow” was mentioned again in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/103). In this document the Quenya verb Q. ol- generally had the gloss “become” (PE22/99-100, 113), even as a derivative of ᴹ√OL “grow” (PE22/103).

The sense “become” for the verb form was mentioned again in Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s (PE22/133-134). There are several more documents from around 1959 that have derivatives connected to the sense “growth”, such as Q. olmen “growth-year”, Q. olmië “growth” and Q. quantolië “maturity” (NM/84, 119-120). However, in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from the late 1960s Tolkien said: “OL as a simple stem seems not to have occurred in Eldarin, though it appears in certain ‘extended’ stems, such as olos/r ‘dream’, olob ‘branch’ (PM/341)”. This lack of ancient meaning was despite the fact that OL was an element in the ancient name Q. Olwë.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is best to assume √OL meant “grow, ✱become”, which could easily contribute to the extended forms √OLOS “dream” and √OLOB “branch”. As a root, I think it primarily refers to the growth of people or animals, as opposed to √GAL used for the growth of plants. I think √OL can also be used for more abstract senses of “growth”, include “grow into” and hence “become”.

Derivatives

  • ✶olā- “to become, come into being, turn into (another state)”
    • Q. ola- “to become, to become; [ᴹQ.] to grow (up)”
  • Q. olmië “growth”
  • ᴺS. ol- “to become”

Element in

Variations

  • ol- ✧ PM/340
Primitive elvish [PM/340; PM/341] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amba

?. more

Derivations

  • √AMA “addition, increase, plus” ✧ PE17/091

Derivatives

  • Q. amba “more” ✧ PE17/091
  • Q. ambë “more” ✧ PE17/091
Primitive elvish [PE17/091] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

gala-

verb. to grow

Noldorin [Ety/357] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

ol

root. grow

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶golā- “to grow”
    • ᴹQ. ola- “to grow [up], to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become” ✧ PE22/113
  • ᴹQ. ol- “to become” ✧ PE22/103
  • ᴹQ. ola- “to grow [up], to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become”

Variations

  • ol ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (ol)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/GAL(AS); PE22/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gal

root. grow, thrive

Changes

  • GAL → GAL(AS) “grow, thrive, prosper, be healthy, be glad” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶galā- “to grow” ✧ PE22/098
    • ᴹQ. ala- “to grow” ✧ PE22/098; PE22/106
    • On. gala- “to grow” ✧ PE22/026
    • N. gala- “to grow”
  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALA
    • Ilk. gald “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD
    • ✶galadā “great plant, tree”
    • Nan. galad “tree” ✧ PE17/050
    • Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; VT39/07
    • S. galadh “tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; UT/266
    • T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352
    • ᴹ✶galadā “tree”
    • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ SD/302
    • N. galadh “tree” ✧ SD/302
    • ✶galādu “thicket”
    • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
    • N. galadh “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
  • ᴹ√GALAS “joy, be glad” ✧ Ety/GALA
    • ᴺ✶. galast- “marble, (orig.) thing pleasant to touch”
    • ᴺQ. alas “marble”
    • ᴺS. glast “marble”
    • ᴺQ. alarya- “to be happy or merry, rejoice”
    • ᴺQ. alasta- “to be merry, rejoice”
    • Q. alassë “happiness, happiness, [ᴹQ.] joy, merriment”
    • ᴹQ. alasse “joy, merriment” ✧ Ety/GALÁS
    • ᴺQ. alasta- “to make happy, cheer (up)”
    • ᴹQ. alla “hail!” ✧ Ety/GALÁS; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
    • ᴺS. galtha- “to be glad”
    • ᴺS. glaich “merry, joyous, happy”
    • N. glass “joy, *happiness” ✧ Ety/BOR; Ety/GALÁS
    • ᴺS. glasta- “to make happy”
  • ᴹQ. al- “to thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alla “hail!” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. almare “blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alma “good fortune, weal, wealth, *well-being” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alta- “to (make) grow” ✧ EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alwa “well-grown” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • ᴹQ. alya “rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
  • N. gala- “to grow” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²
  • N. galas “growth, plant, plant, growth” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²
  • N. Galdor ✧ Ety/GALA
  • N. galw “?increase, growth” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²

Element in

Variations

  • GALA ✧ Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/GALA
  • GAL ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (GAL); PE22/098
  • gal- ✧ PE22/113
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS); PE22/098; PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ol

noun. cliff, seaward precipice

A noun for “cliff, seaward precipice” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ol and {ôl >>} ôla, derived from primitive ᴱ✶oldō (GL/62).

Changes

  • ôl² → ol “cliff” ✧ GL/62

Cognates

  • Eq. ollo “cliff, seaward precipice” ✧ GL/62; LT1A/Eriol

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶oldō “cliff, seaward precipice” ✧ GL/62
    • ᴱ√OLO “tip”

Element in

  • G. Angol “Ironcliffs” ✧ LT1A/Eriol

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶oldō > ôla[oldō] > [olda] > [olla] > [ōla]✧ GL/62

Variations

  • ôla ✧ GL/62
  • ôl² ✧ GL/62 (ôl²)
  • ôl ✧ LT1A/Eriol
  • óla ✧ LT1A/Eriol
Gnomish [GL/62; LT1A/Eriol] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ôla

noun. cliff, seaward precipice

gaid

adverb. more

gantha

adverb. more

Cognates

  • Eq. yanta- “to add to, enlarge, increase, augment” ✧ GL/37

Derivations

  • ᴱ√YṆTṆ “*(en)large, increase” ✧ GL/37

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√yṇt > gantha[jṇ̄tā] > [jantā] > [gantā] > [ganta] > [ganθa]✧ GL/37

usgwi

masculine name. Usgwi

Changes

  • Ol → Lûriel ✧ GL/18

Variations

  • Ol ✧ GL/18 (Ol)

Early Primitive Elvish

oldō

noun. cliff, seaward precipice

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OLO “tip”

Derivatives

  • G. ol “cliff, seaward precipice” ✧ GL/62
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/62; LT1A/Eriol] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kala

root. *grow

Derivatives

  • G. calw “green shoot, sapling, sprout” ✧ GL/25
  • G. clann “branch” ✧ GL/26
  • G. clast “bud, shoot, sprout” ✧ GL/25
  • G. clath “small branch, twig” ✧ GL/25
  • G. côl “herb, vegetable, edible plant; wort” ✧ GL/25; GL/26

Element in

  • G. caltha- “to wax, grow, flourish” ✧ GL/25
  • G. caltha “plant, herb” ✧ GL/25
  • G. calon “grown (of plants), budd[ing], in blade (of corn)” ✧ GL/25
  • G. calwed “flourishing, adolescent” ✧ GL/25

Variations

  • cala ✧ GL/25
  • cala- ✧ GL/26
  • cal- ✧ GL/26
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/25; GL/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

olda

adjective. more

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OLO “*increase, more”

Variations

  • olda ✧ PE14/048; PE14/080; PE15/75
  • lilda ✧ PE14/080; PE15/75
Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/080; PE15/75] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ollo

noun. cliff, seaward precipice

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a cognate of G. ol “cliff, seaward precipice” and apparently of similar meaning (GL/62). It appeared as an element in the name ᴱQ. Eriollo “Ironcliffs” also appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/19; LT1A/Eriol), though in the tales themselves this name was {Erenol >>} ᴱQ. Evadrien “Coast of Iron” (LT2/313, 334). It might be related to the root ᴱ√OLO “tip” (QL/69).

Cognates

  • G. ol “cliff, seaward precipice” ✧ GL/62; LT1A/Eriol

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OLO “tip”

Element in

  • Eq. Eriollo “Ironcliffs” ✧ LT1A/Eriol

Variations

  • ollŏ ✧ GL/62
Early Quenya [GL/62; LT1A/Eriol] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oldo(s)

adverb. more

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OLO “*increase, more”

Variations

  • oldo ✧ PE14/048
  • oldos ✧ PE14/048
  • ol ✧ PE14/048
  • lildo(s) ✧ PE14/080; PE15/75
  • lil ✧ PE14/080; PE15/75
Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/080; PE15/75] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aiko

noun. cliff

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. aiko (aiku-) “cliff” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a noun variant of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” appearing nearby (QL/29). Since ᴹQ. aiqa “steep” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/AYAK), perhaps this word can be salvaged for Neo-Quenya writing as ᴺQ. aico (aicu-).

Derivations

Element in

Early Quenya [QL/029] Group: Eldamo. Published by