ol-

verb. to become

ol-

 verb. to become

ol-

verb. to pour

ola-

verb. to become

A neologism for “to become” coined by Paul Strack in 2023 specifically for Eldamo, the Sindarin derivative of ✶olā- from the early 1950s of the same meaning. Fiona Jallings proposed ᴺS. ol- instead based on late 1940s verb ᴹQ. ol- “become”, but I prefer to use ᴺS. ol- < √UL for “to pour”.

-eb

suffix. adjective suffix

-en

suffix. adjective suffix

-iel

suffix. adjective suffix

-in

suffix. adjective suffix

-ol

suffix. continuative participle

_ suff. _continuative participle. >> úgarol

-ol

suffix. continuative participle, continuative [active] participle; adjective suffix

-ren

suffix. adjective suffix

@@@ perhaps a later, S-only, innovation

aglareb

adjective. glorious

aglareb

adjective. glorious

adj. glorious, brilliant. Q. alcarin, alcarinqua. >> aglar

gala-

verb. to grow

An untranslated verb in notes from around 1962 along with a full paradigm of pronominal suffixes (PE17/131-132). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. galo “to grow” under the root ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALA), and the later Sindarin verb probably has the same meaning.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {cal- >>} caltha- “wax, grow, flourish” based on the early root ᴱ√cala having to do with growth (GL/25). Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document had altha- “to shoot up, grow (high)” (PE13/109).

na-

verb. to be

A verb for “to be” based on the root √NĀ of the same meaning. This verb is barely attested in the Sindarin language, and the general consensus is that [for purposes of Neo-Sindarin at least] Sindarin omits the verb “to be” in most phrases, such as in naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for saving us” (LotR/299) or ✱orchal i adan “tall [is] the man”; see the entry on the copula for further discussion.

The clearest attestation of the verb na- is its imperative form no “be!” in the phrase no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name, (lit.) ✱be holy the name your”, from the Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s (VT44/21). This imperative form was preceded by some hard-to-read deleted forms, perhaps {dôd >> dád >> hae >>} no (VT44/22). The d-forms might be eroded/mutated variants of na-. Compare đa in the phrase inn đa v’im “a mind there is in me = I have a good mind (to do so)” in notes from the late 1960s (PE22/165), where đa could be another eroded form of na-. This phrase was first written as inn no v’im (PE22/165 note #108); see the entry for đa for further discussion.

Another clear attestation of na “be” is an apparent future form natho in the untranslated phrase Sí il chem {na} en i naugrim en ir Ellath {natho} thor den ammen in the so-called “Túrin Wrapper” from the late 1950s (VT50/5). This future[?] form natho was deleted and replaced by thor, and a deleted {na} also appears earlier in the phrase, possibly a false start. Carl Hostetter suggested this phrase might mean something like “✱now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) us” (VT50/22-25). If so, it seems the future of na- “be” was constructed from the bare future suffix (a)tha-, manifesting as tho “✱will be”.

Neo-Sindarin: As noted above, for purposes of Neo-Sindarin the general consensus is that this verb is barely used, and is omitted from most “to be” phrases as in the example orchal i adan given above. The verb’s one widely accepted use is as an imperative, such as in no mae “be well”. Based the Túrin Wrapper, I posit that tho can also be used for a future form “will be”, as in i adan tho orchal “the man will be tall”. I likewise posit a (purely hypothetical) past form [ᴺS.] nî “was”, based on the primitive past-tense element ✶-nē with [[os|long [ē] becoming [ī]]], as in i adan nî orchal “the man was tall”. Neither tho or nî are widely accepted Neo-Sindarin, however.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had the verb G. na- “is” (GL/58), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NĀ “be, exist” (QL/64). This irregular Gnomish verb had some inflected forms: plural nain, participle ol· and past form {ni >>} thi, the last of these being another inspiration for Neo-Sindarin nî “was”.

aglareb

glorious

aglareb (pl. eglerib)

aglareb

glorious

(pl. eglerib)

am

adverb/adjective. more

A neologism coined by Fayanzār posted on 2018-01-06 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), inspired by ambë “more”. The word am is more frequently used for “up” in Sindarin, but the two senses are close enough that the can coexist, distinguished by context: anno am annin “give up [= more] to me” vs. pado am i bend “walk up the slope”.

an-

very

(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:

an-

very

as in:

dae

very

dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.

dae

adverb. very

dae

very

(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.

gala

grow

gala- (i **ala, i ngalar** = i ñalar)

gala

grow

(i ’ala, i ngalar = i ñalar)