In The Etymologies (Ety/358, corrected by VT/45:15), this word was given as geil , plural gîl. However, later in LotR/E and RGEO/73, Tolkien seems to consider gil as a singular (with no hints in the sources of what the plural would be, besides the collective plural giliath )
Sindarin
il
adjective. *all
ilaurui
adjective. *daily
ilaurui
adjective. daily
gil
noun. gil
gil
noun. star, bright spark
eiliant
noun. rainbow
gil-
noun. star
giliath
noun. all the host of stars
gill
noun. star
orgilion
noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars
orithil
noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon
Ilwen
gil
_ (LR:358) and would then have the form Ilwen (Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as _Ñ
Ilwen
gil
_ (LR:358), and the lenited forms would thus be Ilwen, Ilwith. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as _Ñ
ilaurui
daily
(adj.) ilaurui (no distinct pl. form)
ilaurui
daily
(no distinct pl. form)
ilu
noun. universe, the whole, cosmos
ilphen
noun. everyone
il- (every/all) + pen (someone/somebody).
ilhad
pronoun. everywhere
illad
noun. everything
ilnad
pronoun. everything
ilphen
pronoun. everyone
illadui
adjective. general
úmarth
masculine name. Ill-fate
A pseudonym Túrin gave for his father’s name while in Nargothrond, translated “Ill-fate” (S/210), a combination of the negative prefix ú- and amarth “fate” (SA/amarth).
Gilwen
ilmen
(Quenya: the region of stars) Gilwen, also Gilith. In one late source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as _Ñ
gilwen
ilmen
also Gilith. In one late source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388) and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith). (In the Etymologies, the root was given as GIL, and the lenited form would then be ’Ilwen / ’Ilwith.)
Ngilwen
gil
_ (MR:388) and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith). (In the Etymologies, the root was given as GIL, and the lenited form would then be Ilwen / Ilwith.)
Ngilwen
gil
_ (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).
Ngilwen
gil
_ (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).
silevril
silmaril
(i Hilevril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Silevril), coll. pl. Silevrillath. See also
eilian
rainbow
eilian (pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).
eilian
rainbow
1) eilian (pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw, hence maybe coll. pl. eilianwath. 2) ninniach (pl. ninniaich). The word appears to mean *”slender-crossing”.
gilgalad
starlight
1) gilgalad (i ngilgalad = i ñilgalad, o n**gilgalad, pl. gilgelaid (in gilgelaid = i ñgilgelaid) if there is a plural form. 2) gilith (also used = Quenya Ilmen, the region of stars) (i ngilith = i ñilith, o n**gilith) _These mutations presupposed that the root is Ñ, as in MR:388, rather than _ as in the Etymologies (LR:358).
gilgalad
starlight
(i ngilgalad = i ñilgalad, o n’gilgalad, pl. gilgelaid (in gilgelaid = i ñgilgelaid) if there is a plural form.
gilion
of stars
(lenited ngilion; pl. gilioen). Archaic ✱giliaun.
gilith
starlight
(also used = Quenya Ilmen, the region of stars) (i ngilith = i ñilith, o n’gilith) These mutations presupposed that the root is
gilwen
region of stars
(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).
uilos
always snow-white
(name of Mount Taniquetil, or Oiolossë)
legol
adjective. [Ilk.] nimble, active, running free
lhaew
adjective. sickly, sick, ill
celedia-
verb. illuminate
A neologism from calad "a light"; compare aglar > egleria-.
lhaew
ill
*lhaew (sick, sickly), lenited ?thlaew or ?laew (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thloew, flaew.
lhaew
ill
(sick, sickly), lenited ?thlaew or ?laew (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thloew, flaew.
úgarth
ill deed
(sin), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)
úgarth
ill deed
*úgarth (sin), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)
úgarth
ill deed
*úgarth (sin), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)
úgarth
ill deed
(sin), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)
celias
noun. (artificial) light, illumination
A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, an abstraction based on ᴺS. celia- “to illuminate”.
gîl
silver glint
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl = o ñgîl, construct gil) (star, bright spark), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)
gîl
silver glint
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl = o ñgîl, construct gil) (star, bright spark), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388).
ir
i
is simply a variant of the definite article.
blîw
noun. oil
celia-
verb. to illuminate, light up; to illustrate
lhaew
adjective. sickly, sick, ill
mêd(h) Speculative
adjective. [Ilk.] wet
tîf
noun. resentment, ill feeling, bitterness
órui
noun. daily
carth
noun. deed
Sindarin noun for a “deed”, attested only in its lenited plural form gerth within the word úgarth “trespass” (VT44/28), which probably more literally means “✱misdeed”. This word is not completely compatible with its Quenya cognate Q. carda “deed” from primitive ✶kardā, which in Sindarin should produce ✱cardh. Perhaps the Sindarin word had a slightly different primitive form ✱✶kartā. The expect form cardh might appear as an element in the variant form athragardh of S. athragared “interaction”.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor of this word is G. carm “act, deed, exploit” in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/25; PE13/111), cognate of contemporaneous ᴱQ. karma “shape, fashion; act, deed” (QL/45). In the Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s, this word was revised to ᴱN. carbh “deed” (PE13/140), reflecting Tolkien’s changing conception of the phonetic development of final -m in Noldorin. In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the word appeared as N. carth or carð “deed” (cardh), but these forms were rejected and replaced by N. car(ð) “building” (Ety/KAR).
ir
conjunction. (?) when
This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah . To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:9
luin
jhJ5 adjective. blue
Examples: Ered luin, Helluin, Luinil, Mindolluin
ninniach
noun. rainbow
A noun for “rainbow” in the name Cirith Ninniach “Rainbow Cleft” (S/238). Ninniach “rainbow” is perhaps a combination of the S. nîn “watery” and S. iach “ford”, perhaps a metaphorical ford of water across the sky. The long nn in the initial element ninn- is tricky to explain, but might be an example of an exchange of a long vowel īn with a long consonant inn; hat-tip to Elaran for this suggestion.
Conceptual Development: The name Cirith Ninniach (and hence the word for “rainbow”) went through quite a few changes. The earliest iteration of the name was G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon “Gully of the Rainbow Roof” (PE15/21) so that quing ilon “✱bow of heaven” was “rainbow”, but this was quickly revised to G. Cris Ilbranteloth which was the form used in the early narratives (LT2/150, 202). G. ilbrant “rainbow” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with variant ilvrant (GL/50). By popular etymology, this was connected to G. brant “bow”, but that was not correct (GL/24). The second element was actually G. rantha “bridge” (GL/65), and the b came from its initial element G. ilbar “heaven[s]” (GL/50), so it literally meant “✱heaven-bridge”.
In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name of the pass was changed to N. Cris-Ilfing >> Cirith Helvin “Rainbow Cleft” (SM/141, 146). Both ilfing and helvin have unclear etymologies, but they are probably early iterations of N. eilian(w) “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” with N. ianw “bridge” (Ety/ƷEL, YAT), with variant elianw (EtyAC/YAT). Cirith Ninniach “Rainbow Cleft” emerged in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/256, 299).
Neo-Sindarin: Noldorin eilian(w) “sky-bridge” might be adapted into Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. eiliant using later S. iant for “bridge”, as suggested in HSD (HSD), but I see no reason not to just use attested S. ninniach for “rainbow”.
ogol
bad
êl
noun. star
A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).
edhel
noun. Elf
ell
noun. Elf
na-
verb. to be
ardh
region
1) ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).
braig
fierce
braig (wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)
braig
fierce
(wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)
cardh
deed
cardh (i gardh, o chardh), pl. cerdh (i cherdh). Note: cardh may also mean "house, building".
cardh
deed
(i gardh, o chardh), pl. cerdh (i cherdh). Note: cardh may also mean "house, building".
dúnedhel
elf of beleriand
(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*
edhel
elf
(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
elu
pale blue
1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?) 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form)
elu
pale blue
1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?). 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form).
elu
pale blue
(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).
gwaith
region
(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).
gwaith
people
gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**).
gwaith
people
(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).
gwanwel
elf of aman
(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see
gwelu
air
2) (as substance) gwelu (i **welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw** (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely *gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelu
air
(i ’welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely ✱gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelwen
air
1) (as a region) gwelwen (i **welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i **wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gwelwen
air
(i ’welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i ’wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gîl
star
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
gîl
star
(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath **(RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. **elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
ir
when
?ir (not used in questions but to indicate time, as in ”when I saw you, I was glad”). This is one of several possible interpretations of the word, which occurs in a Sindarin poem untranslated by Tolkien (ir Isil ammen Eruchín…síla, ?”when the Moon shines for us Children of Eru…”, The Lays of Beleriand p. 354). By another interpretation, ir is simply a variant of the definite article.(relative pronoun), see THAT
laegel
green-elf
pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil) *(WJ:385)*.
menel
heaven
(i venel), pl. menil (i menil)
miniel
first elf
(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)
mornedhel
dark elf
(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
peredhel
half-elf
(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).
um
bad
um (evil), pl. ym. David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. (According to VT46:20, it may be that um is intended as a base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word.)
um
bad
(evil), pl. ym. David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. *(According to VT46:20, it may be that um is intended as a base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word.)*
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
pân
adjective. all, all, *complete, entire, full, the whole
@@@ extended meaning suggested on Discord 2022-03-11
ui
adverb. ever
aliavren
adjective. barren
region
noun. holly-tree area
[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]
ui-
prefix. ever
-d
suffix. you
2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dhir
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.
Menel
noun. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars
ai
pronoun. for those who
al-
prefix. no, not
alfirin
noun/adjective. immortal
alfirin
noun/adjective. name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours
alfirin
noun/adjective. also used for another small white flower
ardhon
noun. great region, province
ardhon
noun. world
aur
noun. day, sunlight, morning
balch
adjective. fierce
_ adj. _fierce, ferocious. In S. gwal < bal which coalesced in form with BAL 'have power'.
baw
interjection. no, don't!
calan
noun. day, period of actual daylight
Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.
carn
noun. deed
de
pronoun. you
el
star
n. star.
eledh
noun. Elf
elen
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath _n._star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates 'the (host of all the) stars, (all) the (visible) stars of the firmament'. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. >> êl
elen
noun. star
elen
noun. Elf
elu
adjective. (pale) blue
gardh
noun. bounded or defined region
gardh
noun. world
gardh
noun. region
gwelu
noun. air (as substance)
gûr
noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel
him
adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding
lhîw
noun. sickness
lind
noun. air, tune
luin
adjective. blue
luin
blue
adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.
luin
adjective. blue
lô
blue
adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.
medlin
adjective. honey-eater, bear-like
men
noun. way, road
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
nimp
adjective. pale
adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred
ninniach
noun. rainbow
oraearon
noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day
oranor
noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun
orbelain
noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar
orgaladh
noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree
This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar
orgaladhad
noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees
This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar
ormenel
noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day
othlonn
noun. paved way
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
penedh
noun. Elf
penninor
noun. last day of the year
pâd
noun. way
pân
adjective. all, in totality
As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în.1 , hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"
tharbad
noun. cross-way
thaur
adjective. abominable, abhorrent
thu
bad
_adj. _bad. >> thugar. This gloss was rejected.
êl
noun. star (little used except in verses)
êl
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath** ** n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. >> elen
ú
prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)
û
interjection. no
adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).
û
adverb/interjection. no, not, no, not, [G.] nor
alfirin
immortal
alfirin (no distinct pl. form). Note: the word alfirin is also used as name of a flower.
alfirin
immortal
(no distinct pl. form). Note: the word alfirin is also used as name of a flower.
aran
king of a region
(pl. erain)
ardh
region
(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.
aur
day
aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
aur
day
(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
avar
non-eldarin elf
pl. Evair, also called
balch
cruel
1) balch (lenited malch; pl. belch), 2) baug (tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg
balch
cruel
(lenited malch; pl. belch)
baradh
steep
baradh (pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).
baradh
steep
(pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).
baug
cruel
(tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg
baw!
no
! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix
baw!
no
(don’t!) Prefix
cael
sickness
(i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael)
calan
daytime
(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)
calben
elf of the great journey
(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).
crannen
adjective. perfect
daw
nighttime
daw (i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.
daw
nighttime
daw (i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.
deleb
abominable
deleb (horrible, loathsome), lenited dheleb; pl. delib
deleb
abominable
(horrible, loathsome), lenited dheleb; pl. delib
denwaith
people of denwe
(WJ:385);
dôr
region
(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)
edhelharn
elf-stone
(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).
edinor
anniversary day
(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.
elleth
elf-woman
(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)
ellon
elf-man
(pl. ellyn)
elvellon
elf-friend
(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);
eru
the one
isolated from
faeg
bad
*faeg (poor, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)
faeg
bad
(poor, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)
gael
pale
(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.
galadhrim
people of the trees
(Elves of Lórien)
gardh
region
(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)
gem
sickly
gem (lenited em, pl. gim).
gem
sickly
gem (lenited em, pl. gim)
glî
honey
glî (i **lî**);
glî
honey
(i ’lî);
golovir
glittering white
(= ”Noldo-jewel”) (i Ngolovir = i Ñolovir, o N’golovir = o Ñgolovir), no distinct pl. form except with article (in Golovir = i Ñgolovir), 3) Mirion (i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
gwathuirim
people of dunland
(”shadowy people”) (PM:330);
gwind
pale blue
(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).
gú
no, not
also ú
gú
no, not
gú-, also ú-
gûr
heart
(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).
haradrim
people of the south
(southerners, southrons);
he
she
he, hen, hene. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
he
she
hen, hene. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
hîn
they
(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hîn
they
. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hûn
heart
1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..
hûn
heart
(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)
ialtha-
verb. to yoke, join
iathrim
people of doriath
(”Fence-people”) (WJ:378);
ind
heart
(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ir
when
(not used in questions but to indicate time, as in ”when
laew
many
laew (frequent); no distinct pl. form.
laew
many
(frequent); no distinct pl. form.
lefn
elf left behind
pl. lifn.
lend
way
(journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”
lhîw
sickness
1) *lhîw (?i thlîw or ?i lîw the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw. 2) cael (i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael), 3) paw (i baw), pl. poe (i phoe). various related terms (no Sindarin word simply meaning ”side” is known):
lhîw
sickness
(?i thlîw or ?i lîw – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
lhîw
disease
*lhîw (?i thlîw or ?i lîw the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (sickness), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
lhîw
disease
(?i thlîw or ?i lîw – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (sickness), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
lind
air
3) (of music) lind (song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
lind
air
(song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
luin
blue
luin (no distinct pl. form, as demonstrated by the name Ered Luin ”Blue Mountains”) (VT48:24)
maidh
pale
1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
maidh
pale
(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)
malu
pale
(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
mith
pale grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mên
way
1) mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn), 2) lend (journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”, 3) #pâd (construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”. 4) tê (i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.
mên
way
(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn)
nest
heart
(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..
nimp
pale
(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form
ninniach
rainbow
(pl. ninniaich). The word appears to mean ✱”slender-crossing”.
nîdh
honeycomb
(construct nidh; no distinct pl. form) (VT45:38).
paw
sickness
(i baw), pl. poe (i phoe).
pâd
way
(construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”.
pân
all
(adj.) *pân, pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.
pân
all
pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.
rohirrim
people of rohan
(Gondorian pronunciation of Rochirrim; see
send
grey-elf
(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).
tharn
withered
tharn (sapless, stiff, rigid), pl. thern
tharn
withered
(sapless, stiff, rigid), pl. thern
thaur
foul
thaur (detestable, abhorrent, abominable), pl. thoer. Note: a homophone means ”fenced”.
thaur
foul
(detestable, abhorrent, abominable), pl. thoer. Note: a homophone means ”fenced”.
thaur
abominable
thaur (destestable, abhorrent, foul), pl. thoer. Note: a homophone means ”fenced”.
thaur
abominable
(destestable, abhorrent, foul), pl. thoer. Note: a homophone means ”fenced”.
thind
pale
(grey); no distinct pl. form
tê
way
(i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.
ui
ever
ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin
ui
ever
(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin
ui
always
ui (ever); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”.
ui
always
(ever); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”.
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
n. -.