harad

noun. south

The Sindarin word for “south” based on the root ᴹ√KHYAR “left-hand” (LotR/1123; PE17/18; Ety/KHYAR). It was the “left-hand direction” since the Elves reckoned their directions while facing west, so that “south” was to the left (LotR/1123). It can also be used for “the South” as a region but without a definite article (PE23/133), that is just Harad rather than i Charad.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was first given as haran (EtyAC/KHYAR).

harad

adjective. south

_adj. _south, southern. Q. hyarmen, hyarna. >> har-

harad

noun. south

arthor na challonnas

place name. Realm of the South-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Gondor (PE17/28). It is a combination of arthor “realm”, the preposition na(n) “of” and the lenited form Challonnas of its shorter name Hallonnas “South-harbourage”.

hallonnas

place name. South-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Gondor attested only in its mutated form Challonnas (PE17/28). It is a compound of the prefixal form har- of harn “south” and lonnas “harbourage”.

harad

place name. The South

The southern regions of Middle-earth (LotR/248), it is simply harad “south” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: The name was already N. Harad when it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/333).

haradwaith

proper name. South-folk, the Harad

Another name for the lands of the South (LotR/1045, UT/383), a combination of harad “south” and gwaith “people, region”.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the name N. Haradwaith was also used for the People of the South (TI/434) as well as “Sutherland” (TI/304).

harathrad

place name. South Ford

A proposed replacement for Sarn Athrad, a combination of the prefixal form har- of harn “south” and athrad “ford” (WJ/335).

harfalas

place name. South Falas

A name for the southern part of Falas on the later Silmarillion map revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/187), a combination of the prefixal form har- of harn “south” and falas “shore”.

Conceptual Development: The name N. Harfalas also appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/124).

harlindon

place name. Lindon south of the Gulf of Lune

A name for the southern part of Lindon (PM/313), a combination of that name with the prefixal form har- of harn “south”.

Conceptual Development: The name N. Harlindon appeared on the draft maps for Lord of the Rings from the 1940s (TI/302).

harlond

place name. South Haven

A name for the “South Haven” of Lindon (LotR/1050), a combination of the prefixal form har- of harn “south” and lond “haven”.

Conceptual Development: On the draft maps for Lord of the Rings from the 1940s, this name appeared as N. Harlorn (TI/301), apparently ending with the lenited form of lhorn “haven”. At one point in the Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the havens were called N. Lonnath-Ernin (WR/370).

harnen

place name. *South Water

A river in southern Middle-earth (LotR/1045), a combination of the prefixal form har- of harn “south” and nen “water”.

Conceptual Development: The name N. Harnen appeared on draft maps for the Lord of the Rings from the 1940s (TI/309).

Arthor na Challonnas

'Realm of the South-harbourage'

topon. 'Realm of the South-harbourage', older name of Gondor. Q. Turmen Hyallondiéva. >> Arnor, Arthor na Forlonnas, Forlonnas

Harathrad

noun. south(ern) ford

har (from harad “south”) + athrad (“river-crossing, ford, way”) #The second element could be interpreted as: ath (prefix “on both sides, across”) + râd (“path, track”)

Harnen

noun. South(ern) river

har (from harad “south”) + nen (“water, lesser river”)

haradrim

noun. South(ern) people

harad (“south”) + rim (collective plural suffix)

harn

noun. the South

_n. _the South. Q. hyarmen. >> forn, har-

harn

adjective. southern, south

An adjective for “southern” based on ᴹ√KHYAR “left hand” (PE17/18; Ety/KHYAR).

Conceptual Development: ᴱN. harn appeared untranslated in Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/147).

harad

south

1. (”the South” as an area) Harad (i Charad, o Charad, 2) hâr (i châr, o châr, construct har) (also = ”left”). 3) The word Harven (i Charven, o Charven) may refer primarily to ”south” as a direction; the final element -ven means ”way”. (VT45:23). Adj.

harven

south

(i Charven, o Charven) may refer primarily to ”south” as a direction; the final element -ven means ”way”. (VT45:23). Adj.

harad

south

(i Charad, o Charad

haradren

south, southern

(lenited charadren; pl. heredrin), also harn (lenited charn, pl. hern). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”wounded”, and as noun harn also means ”helmet” (so haradren may be preferred for clarity).

hâr

south

(i châr, o châr, construct har) (also = ”left”).

haradrim

people of the south

(southerners, southrons);

haradrim

people of the south

Haradrim (southerners, southrons);

haradren

south, southern

haradren (lenited charadren; pl. heredrin), also harn (lenited charn, pl. hern). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”wounded”, and as noun harn also means ”helmet” (so haradren may be preferred for clarity).

haradrim

southerners, southrons

(a coll. pl., ”people of the south”)

har-

prefix. left-hand

_pref. _left-hand, south. Q. hyar-. >> harn

Harnen

Harnen

Harnen seems to mean "South Water" in Sindarin.

haradrim

Haradrim

Haradrim is a Sindarin name, consisting of the elements harad ("south") + rim ("host") thus meaning "South-people". Other names were Southerns, Southrons.

arthor

noun. realm

arthor

realm

_n. _realm.

ardh

realm

ardh (region), pl. erdh

ardh

realm

(region), pl. erdh

denwaith

people of denwe

(WJ:385);

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien)

gwaith

people

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**).

gwaith

people

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwathuirim

people of dunland

(”shadowy people”) (PM:330);

hair

adjective. left (hand)

iathrim

people of doriath

(”Fence-people”) (WJ:378);

ilphen

 noun. everyone

il- (every/all) + pen (someone/somebody).

rohirrim

people of rohan

(Gondorian pronunciation of Rochirrim; see

Harmen

south

[Harmen] noun "south" (MEN)(Changed to hyarmen.)

Hyarastorni

south

Hyarastorni place-name, region in Númenor, apparently including hyar- "south" and perhaps orni "trees" (UT:210)

hyarmen

south

hyarmen, Hyarmen noun "south" (SA, SA:men, KHYAR), literally "lefthand-direction" (VT49:12), since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the West Also name of tengwa #33 (Appendix E). In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" (Appendix A), apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir (name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watch[ing point]".) (SA) Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" (UT:165)

hyallondië

place name. South-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Gondor, also appearing in the longer forms Hyaralondië and Turmen Hyallondiéva (PE17/28). It is a compound of the prefix hyar- “south” and londië “harbourage”. In the short name, the r of hyar- is assimilated to the l of londië.

hyar-

prefix. left-hand, south

A prefix meaning either “left-hand” or “south”, depending on context (PE17/18). It is derived from the root ᴹ√KHYAR.

hyarastorni

place name. ?South Fastness

The region of Númenor ruled by Hallatan (UT/197). Its initial element is most likely the prefixal form hyara- of hyarmen “south”. The second element looks like a derivative of the root √STOR “steadfast” (PE17/186). It may also be related to torna “hard”, whose superlative form anastorna indicates that it might be from the same root (PE17/56). If so, the name mean might something like “✱South Fastness”.

hyarmentir

place name. *South Watch

The highest mountain in the south of Aman (S/74), probably a compound of hyarmen “south” (SA/hyarmen) and a form of the verb tir- “to watch”, with a meaning like “✱South Watch”.

Conceptual Development: This mountain was first named Hyarantar (MR/105, 291).

Hyaralondië

south-harbourage

Hyaralondië (also shortened and assimilated Hyallondië) place-name "South-harbourage", old name for Gondor, in full Turmen Hyallondiéva "Realm of the South-harbourage" (PE17:28). Compare Forolondië.

Sahóra

the south

Sahóra "the South" (LT1:248, 255; rather Hyarmen in LotR-style Quenya)

turmen hyallondiéva

place name. Realm of the South-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Gondor (PE17/28). It is a compound of turmen “realm” and the possessive form of its shorter name Hyallondië.

antara

very high, very lofty

antara adj. "very high, very lofty", the adjective tára "lofty" with the superlative prefix an- (q.v.) We might have expected *antára. Also place-name Antaro (VT45:5, 36), said to be the "name of a mountain in Valinor south of Taniq[u]etil" (VT46:17)

turmen

realm

turmen noun "realm" (PE17:28). Turmen Follondiéva "Realm of the North-harbourage", old name for Arnor, TurmenHallondiéva "Realm of the South-harbourage", old name for Gondor (PE17:28)

turmen

noun. realm

arda

realm

arda noun "realm" (GAR under 3AR). It is said that arda, when used as a common noun, "meant any more or less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402), or "a particular land or region" (WJ:413). Capitalized Arda "the Realm", name of the Earth as the kingdom of Manwë (Silm), "the name given to our world or earth...within the immensity of Eä"(Letters:283, there again rendered "realm"), "our planet" (MR:39), once translated "Earth" (SD:246). In a wider sense, Arda can refer to the entire Solar System (MR:337). Also name of tengwa #26 (Appendix E). Masc. name Ardamírë "Jewel of the World" (PM:348), shorter form Ardamir (UT:210); Ardaranyë "the Kingdom of Arda" (PE17:105)

artaurë

realm

artaurë noun "realm" (PE17:28). Cf. turmen.

harda

realm, region

harda noun "realm, region" _(VT45:12, 16, 17; the word also occurs, unglossed, in the entry EN in the Etymologies)_. Changed to arda later?

lie

noun. people

lië

people

lië noun "people" (LI, Narqelion, VT39:6), in Eldalië, losselië, Ornelië (q.v.); possessive #liéva in Mindon Eldaliéva (q.v.); maybe also compounded in #rohtalië, #ruhtalië (q.v.)

harad

noun. south

harad

noun. south

harfen

noun. *south-region

A word given as {harven pl. hervin >>} harfen pl. herfin in The Etymologies of the 1930s, the direct equivalent of ᴹQ. harmen “south” (Ety/PHOR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would just use S. harad “south”.

harad

place name. The South

harlorn

place name. South Haven

harnen

place name. *South Water

haradwaith

proper name. Sutherland; Men of the South

ardh

noun. realm, region

ardh

noun. realm

heir

adjective. left (hand)

A word appearing as N. {hair >>} heir “left (hand)” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, the equivalent of ᴹQ. hyarya (Ety/KHYAR; EtyAC/KHYAR).

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers update this form to ᴺS. hair as suggested in HSD (HSD), since in Sindarin ei > ai in final syllables.

artaurē

noun. Realm

þarma

noun. left-hand