Formen

north

Formen noun "north" (SA:men), also name of tengwa #10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen). In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" (SA:formen). Allative formenna, VT49:26.

formen

noun. north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]

Cognates

• S. forod “north” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen
• S. forn “north, north, [N.] right” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• Q. ar cé mo formenna tentanes Amanna “and if northwards, it pointed towards Aman” ✧ VT49/26
• Q. Follondië “North-harbourage” ✧ PE17/028
• Q. Formenos “Northern Fortress” ✧ SA/formen
• Q. Forostar “Northlands” ✧ UT/165

Elements

Word	Gloss
forya	“right (hand), dexter”
men	“way, way; [ᴹQ.] place, spot”

Variations

• Formen ✧ SA/men

forya

right

forya adj. "right" (PHOR), "dexter" (VT46:10)

Tormen

north

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

pahta

closed, shut, private

pahta (1) adj. "closed, shut, private" (VT39:23, VT41:6, PE17:171)

forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

Cognates

• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• S. Cirith Forn en Andrath “High-Climbing Pass of the North”
• ᴺS. Forchalad “aurora, (lit.) northern radiance”
• S. Forfalas “North Falas”
• S. Forlindon “Lindon north of the Gulf of Lune”
• S. Forlond “North Haven”
• S. Forlonnas “North-harbourage”
• S. Fornarthan “North Beacon” ✧ VT42/30
• S. Fornost “Norbury, (lit.) Northern Fortress” ✧ RC/774; SA/formen

Variations

• for ✧ PE17/018
• for(n)- ✧ VT42/30

forn

noun. right, north

forn

noun. the North

_n. _the North. Q. formen. >> for

for

adjective. north

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

Cognates

• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• S. Forochel “*Northern Ice” ✧ PE17/116
• S. Forodwaith “North-region, Northmen”

forvo

noun. right hand

forvo

noun. right side

fair

noun. right (hand)

fuir

adjective. north

fuir

adjective. north

@@@ likely from [pʰorja] as suggested by David Salo (GS/255), thus a later version of than feir “right (hand)” with a different phonetic development. In the 2008 version of his Sindarin Dictionary, Didier Willis suggested fair as the Sindarized form of N. feir (HSD/fair), but more recent research indicates that fuir < ✱phorya is more likely, as suggested to me in a private chat by Elaran on 2018-08-26; see the entry on how [[s|[œi] became [ui] or [y]]] in Sindarin for further details.

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand”

Element in

• S. Eryn Fuir “North Wood” ✧ VT42/20

Variations

• Fuir ✧ VT42/20 (Fuir)

hollen

noun. closed

tafnen

adjective. closed, blocked, stopped

Orthography normalized to tafnen, as in lefnui

uidafnen

adjective. ever-closed

Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

fôr

right

(north), pl. fŷr.

fuir

right

1) (adj, of direction), also used as noun "right hand": fuir (north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR). 2) (direction, not "correct") fôr (north), pl. fŷr. 3) (straight) tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

fuir

right

(north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).

hollen

closed

(passive participle) hollen; see CLOSE.

tafnen

closed

(adj.) #tafnen (stopped, blocked), lenited #dafnen; pl. tefnin (WR:341, isolated from uidavnen, with f rather than v in normalized orthography);

tafnen

closed

(stopped, blocked), lenited #dafnen; pl. tefnin *(WR:341, isolated from uidavnen, with f rather than v in normalized orthography)*;

iarwain

eldest

iarwain (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

iarwain

eldest

 (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

uidafnen

ever-closed

(WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin****

paur

tightly closed hand

(i baur, o phaur, also -bor in compounds) (fist), pl. poer (i phoer), coll. pl. porath.

tîr

right

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

forn

masculine name. Eldest

forn

noun. right, north

forn

adjective. right or north

Cognates

• ᴹQ. forte “right or north” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Element in

• N. Forannest “North Entrance [?In]”
• N. Forlindon
• N. Forlorn “North Haven”
• N. Fornobel “Northbury”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PHOR > forn	[pʰorna] > [ɸorna] > [forna] > [forn]	✧ Ety/PHOR

forven

noun. north

forven

noun. north

Cognates

• ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PHOR > forven	[pʰormena] > [ɸormena] > [formena] > [formen] > [forven]	✧ Ety/PHOR

forn(en)

adjective. closed

Element in

• N. Fenn Forn(en) “Closed Door” ✧ WR/341
• N. Fenn Uiforn “Ever Closed [Door]” ✧ WR/341

Variations

• Fornen ✧ WR/338
• Forn ✧ WR/341

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

Cognates

• ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

• ᴹ✶phoroti “right or north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
  • ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Element in

• N. Osforod “Northburg”
• N. forodren “northern” ✧ Ety/PHOR
• N. Forodrim “Northmen” ✧ Ety/PHOR
• N. Forodweith “Northmen, Northland” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶phoroti > forod	[pʰoroti] > [pʰorote] > [ɸorote] > [forote] > [forot] > [forod]	✧ Ety/PHOR

Variations

• Forod ✧ WRI/Forod

fœir

noun. right (hand)

forgam

adjective. right-handed

feir

noun. right (hand)

erion

masculine name. Eldest

Earlier form of S. Iarwain appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, translated “Eldest” and appearing beside N. Iaur (TI/125). It might be a superlative form of iaur “old”; in the Early Noldorin Grammar, the similar suffix -iant was used for the superlative (PE13/125). If the suffix -ion was a Noldorin superlative suffix, perhaps the initial [e] developed due to Noldorin i-affection.

Elements

Word	Gloss
iaur	“ancient, old(en)”

iaur

masculine name. Eldest

Element in

• N. Erion “Eldest” ✧ TI/125

Elements

Word	Gloss
iaur	“ancient, old(en)”

uidavnen

adjective. ever-closed

Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui