Quenya 

sír(ë)

noun. river, river, [ᴱQ.] stream

The most common Quenya word for “river”, derived from the root √SIR “flow”.

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as ᴱQ. sīre “stream” as a derivative of ᴱ√SIŘI [SIÐI] (QL/84), and this form and gloss also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/84). The form ᴹQ. siri- “river” appeared in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s, along with uninflected sire with short i and various inflected forms with siry- (PE21/10). The form sīre “river” with long ī appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√SIR “flow” (Ety/SIR; EtyAC/SIR). In several notes from the mid-1960s, it appeared in monosyllabic form sír (PE17/65) or sīr (VT49/17), but it had dual form siryat from the late 1960s implying a stem form of sirĭ- and a development similar to that of DN from the early 1930s (VT47/11).

Neo-Eldarin: Its form síre is probably better known and more commonly used in Neo-Quenya. For example this is the typical form in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Quenya [PE17/065; VT47/11; VT49/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

celusindi

river

celusindi _("k")_noun "river" (LT1:257; hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, where the terms sírë and sirya appear instead)

nen

river

nen noun "river" (LT1:248), "river, water" (LT1:262) (In Tolkien's later Quenya, nén with a long vowel means "water", but hardly "river" - that is sírë.)

sindi

river

sindi noun "river" (LT1:265; rather sírë in LotR-style Quenya)

sirya

river

#sirya noun "river", attested in the dual form siryat (VT47:11). Compare sírë.

sír

river

sír noun "river", shorter form of sirë (PE17:65, VT49:17)

sírë

river

sírë noun "river" (SIR, VT46:13), "stream" (LT1:265). Also short form sír, q.v.Compare #sirya.

nuinë

suffix. river

-(n)duinë

suffix. (large) river

An element in several river names such as Q. Anduinë and Q. Nunduinë, the equivalent of S. duin. It did not survive as an independent word in Quenya:

> Common Eldarin bases DUY and LUY, for instance, were distinct. DUY meant “to flood, drench, inundate”, but LUY was the base of words for “blue”. Both would become LUY in Quenya. Which probably accounts for the disappearance from Quenya of C.E. ✱duinē “large river (liable to flood surrounding land)” seen in [S.] Anduin “long river” and Baranduin “brown river”: it became identical with [Q.] luine adj. “blue” (VT48/23).

In fact, its use in Quenya river names may have been a later loan from Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: In one place Tolkien did consider the suffix’s survival as an archaic independent Quenya noun †nuine, but Tolkien rejected the note where it appeared, replacing it with the above (VT48/30 note #2).

Quenya [RC/766; VT48/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nén

noun. water, water, [ᴱQ.] river

The word for “water”, a derivative of the root √NEN of the same meaning (PE17/52; Ety/NEN). Its stem form was nen- (Ety/NEN) and its primitive form was given as ✶nē̆n, the vowel length variation due to distinct subjective nēn versus objective/inflected nĕn- in ancient monosyllables (PE21/64).

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with two senses: “river” and (archaic) “†water”. Tolkien indicated the two senses were based on distinct roots: ᴱ√NEŘE [NEÐE] and ᴱ√NENE respectively, with two distinct stem forms nend- and nēn (QL/64-65). The Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa also mentions the forms nen (nēn-) “water” versus nen(d-) “river” (PME/64-65). In the English-Qenya Dictionary of the mid-1920s Tolkien had both nēn “river” (PE15/76) and nēn “water” (PE15/78), but in the Early Qenya Grammar he had only nēn “water” (PE14/43, 72), also appearing as nen “water” in documents on The Valmaric Script from this period (PE14/110).

In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had ᴹQ. nēn “water”, but in this document it had nēn- with long ē in its inflected forms as well (PE21/23). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, uninflected nén “water” had a stem form of nen- with short e (Ety/NEN), and the reasons for this variation was discussed in Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936, the nominative/objective distinction noted above (PE21/64). This seems to be the paradigm Tolkien stuck with thereafter, as evidenced by S. nen “water” rather than ✱✱nîn.

Quenya [PE17/052; SA/nen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hlóna

river, especially given to those at all seasons full of water from mountains

[hlóna (2) noun "a river, especially given to those at all seasons full of water from mountains" (VT48:27; the word is marked with a query and the note containing it rejected; it was apparently replaced by lón, q.v.)]

lóna

noun. (deep) pool, mere, river-feeding well

A noun lóna glossed “pool, mere” derived from the root √LON and distinct in origin from Sindarin “flood” < √LOG (VT42/10).

Conceptual Development: This word seems to be a remnant of Tolkien’s investigation into the origin of the river-name S. Lhûn (PE17/136-137; VT48/27-28), where Tolkien first considered having a related Quenya word hlōna “a river” (PE17/136), then another related word lōn(e) “deep pool or lake” (PE17/137), but this notion was rejected and Tolkien said:

> The stem (S)LOW- does not appear in Quenya, where it is replaced by √LŎNŎ, as in lōn/lōne (pl. lōni) “deep pool or river-feeding well” (PE17/137).

This word and its derivation seems to have reemerged as lóna “pool, mere” in the notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s, as described above (VT42/10).

Quenya [PE17/136; PE17/137; VT42/10; VT48/27; VT48/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nuinë

river (of large volume, and liable to flooding)

nuinë noun "river (of large volume, and liable to flooding)". The word is said to be archaic, surviving chiefly in topographical names. It comes from earlier duine, hence appearing in that form in a name like Nunduinë (VT48:30-31), apparently also Anduinë (q.v.) Tolkien struck out the paragraph where nuinë occurs, but the names Nunduinë/Anduinë would suggest that the word as such is conceptually valid.

-duinë

suffix. (large) river

lón(ë)

noun. deep pool, river-feeding well

ratta

noun. street, course, river-bed

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

-ya

his

-ya (4) pronominal suffix "his" (and probably also "her, its"), said to be used in "colloquial Quenya" (which had redefined the "correct" ending for this meaning, -rya, to mean "their" because it was associated with the plural ending -r). Hence e.g. cambeya ("k") "his hand", yulmaya "his cup" (VT49:17) instead of formally "correct" forms in -rya. The ending -ya was actually ancient, primitive ¤- being used for "all numbers" in the 3rd person, predating elaborated forms like -rya. It is said that -ya "remained in Quenya" in the case of "old nouns with consonantal stems", Tolkien listing tál "foot", cas "head", nér "man", sír "river" and macil "sword" as examples. He refers to "the continued existence of such forms as talya his foot", that could apparently be used even in "correct" Quenya (VT49:17). In PE17:130, the forms talya "his foot" and macilya ("k") "his (or their) sword" are mentioned.

lón

deep pool

lón, lónë (pl. lóni given) noun "deep pool", "river-[?feeding] well" (the second gloss was not certainly legible). A rejected paragraph in Tolkien's manuscript defined the word as "deep pool or lake" (VT48:28, PE17:137)

-rya

his, her

-rya 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "his, her" and probably "its" (VT49:16, 38, 48, Nam, RGEO:67), attested in coivierya *"his/her life", máryat "her hands", ómaryo "of her voice" (genitive of *ómarya "her voice"), súmaryassë "in her bosom" (locative of súmarya "her bosom"); for the meaning "his" cf. coarya "his house" (WJ:369). The ending is descended from primitive ¤-sjā via -zya (VT49:17) and therefore connects with the 3rd person ending -s "he, she, it". In colloquial Quenya the ending -rya could be used for "their" rather than "his/her", because it was felt to be related to the plural ending -r,e.g. símaryassen "in their [not his/her] imaginations" (VT49:16, 17). See -ya #4.

-zya

his, her, its

-zya, archaic form of the pronominal ending -rya "his, her, its", q.v. (VT49:17)

Nénar

water

Nénar noun name of a star (or planet), evidently derived from nén "water" (Silm), tentatively identified with Uranus (MR:435)

Uinen

water

Uinen (Uinend-, as in dative Uinenden) fem. name, used of a Maia, spouse of Ossë (UY, NEN). Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:404), though it is also said that it contains -nen "water" (SA:nen); the latter explanation may be folk etymology. In the Etymologies, the name is derived from the same stem (UY) as uilë "long trailing plant, especially seaweed".

londa

path

[londa noun "path"], changed by Tolkien to londë noun "road (in sea)" (VT45:28)

mallë

street, road

mallë pl. maller noun"street, road" (MBAL, LR:47, 56, LT1:263, SD:310)

nén

water

nén (nen-) noun "water" (NEN).

tier

path

tier is, besides the pl. form of tië "path" above, an ephemeral word for "so", abandoned by Tolkien in favour of tambë (VT43:17)

tië

path, course, line, direction, way

tië noun "path, course, line, direction, way" (TE3, VT47:11); pl. tier in Namárië(Nam, RGEO:67); tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51; tie-lya-nna "path-your-upon")

ranta

noun. course

Noldorin 

sîr

noun. river

Noldorin [Ety/SIR; RS/433] Group: Eldamo. Published by

celon

noun. river

Noldorin [Celon (name) Ety/363] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sîr

noun. river

Noldorin [Ety/385, S/437, RC/384] Group: SINDICT. Published by

duirro

noun. *river-bank

A word appearing above N. rhaw “bank (especially of a river)”, probably of the same basic meaning, likely a combination of (Ilk.) duil “river” + rhaw as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/RAMBĀ). This is plausible, since [[p|[lr] became [ll]]] in Ancient Elvish.

Noldorin [EtyAC/RAMBĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duin

noun. water, river

Noldorin [EtyAC/DUI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rath

noun. course, river-bed

Noldorin [Ety/RAT; WR/340; WR/388] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sirion

noun. great river

Noldorin [Sirion Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

duirro

noun. river-bank

Noldorin [VT/46:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nen

noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/435, UT/457, RC/327-328] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rant

noun. course, riverbed

Noldorin [Ety/383, S/436] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rath

noun. course, riverbed

Noldorin [Ety/383, LotR/Index, RC/523,551] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iôr

noun. course

Noldorin [Ety/400, X/IU] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iôr

noun. course

lhonn

noun. narrow path or strait

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhorn

noun. quiet water

Noldorin [VT/45:29, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhorn

noun. anchorage, harbour

Noldorin [VT/45:29, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. path

nen

noun. waterland

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/435, UT/457, RC/327-328] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nen

noun. water

Noldorin [Ety/NEN; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ostrad

noun. street

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/Z] ost+râd. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ostrad

noun. street

rant

noun. lode, vein

Noldorin [Ety/383, S/436] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rath

noun. street (in a city)

Noldorin [Ety/383, LotR/Index, RC/523,551] Group: SINDICT. Published by

râd

noun. path, track

Noldorin [Ety/383] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Sindarin 

sîr

noun. river

Sindarin [Ety/385, S/437, RC/384] Group: SINDICT. Published by

celduin

place name. River Running

A river flowing from lake Esgaroth into the river Carnen, translated “River Running” (LotR/1046). It is most likely a combination of some form of the root √KEL “flow” and S. duin “duin”.

Sindarin [LotR/1046; LotR/1072; LotRI/Celduin; LotRI/River Running; PMI/Celduin; UTI/Celduin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duin

noun. (large) river, (large) river; [N.] water

A Sindarin word for river, more specifically a large one (LotR/1138; PM/54; RC/765; VT48/24), derived from primitive ✶duinē and the root √DUY “flow (strongly), flood, inundate” (RC/766; VT48/23-24).

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. duif “stream” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶duiwe and related to G. duil “flight” (GL/31). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. duin under the root ᴹ√DUI̯, but there it was a loan word from Ilk. duin “water, river”. After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin, it became a native Sindarin word.

Sindarin [LotR/1138; PM/054; RC/765; S/123; SA/duin; VT48/24; VT48/30; WJ/191] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duinhir

masculine name. *River Lord

A Gondorian, Lord of Blackroot Vale (LotR/770). His name is most likely a combination of duin “river” and hîr “lord” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/347).

Sindarin [LotRI/Duinhir; WRI/Duinhir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esgalduin

place name. River under Veil, River under Shade

A river flowing through Doriath (S/121), translated “River under Shade” (PE17/15, 184) or “River under Veil” (Ety/SKAL¹). This name is a combination of esgal “shadow, screen” and duin “river” (SA/esgal, duin; PE17/184).

Conceptual Development: The name ᴱN. Esgalduin first appeared in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s where it was described as the “Elf-river” (LB/76), perhaps related to G. Egla “Elf” (GL/32). This name reappeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/103, LR/260), and in The Etymologies, Ilk. Esgalduin was designated an Ilkorin name, already with essentially the same derivation as given above (Ety/DUI, SKAL¹).

Sindarin [LotRI/Esgalduin; LT2I/Esgalduin; PE17/015; PE17/184; SA/duin; SA/esgal; SI/Bridge of Esgalduin; SI/Esgalduin; UTI/Esgalduin; WJI/Esgalduin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwathir

place name. River of Shadow

Old Sindarin name for the river Gwathló, a combination of gwath “shadow” and the lenited form of sîr “river” (UT/263).

Sindarin [UT/176; UT/263; UTI/Gwathir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sîr

noun. river, stream

A common Sindarin word for “river” or “stream”, a relatively small river compared to S. duin. It is a derivative of √SIR “flow” (SA/sîr; Ety/SIR).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where G. sîr “river” appeared (GL/67), a derivative of the early root ᴱ√SIŘI (or a variant of it) as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sirion). ᴱN. sír “stream” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s, though in that instance it was changed to ᴱN. hír “lord” (PE13/147). N. sîr “river” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√SIR “flow” (Ety/SIR). It appeared several times in Tolkien’s later writings, variously glossed “river” (RC/384) or “stream” (PE17/37; RC/269), as well as being an element in many Sindarin and Noldorin river names.

Sindarin [PE17/037; RC/269; RC/384; RC/587; SA/sîr; UT/263] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sîr angren

place name. *River of Iron

Sindarin name of the river Isen (UT/261), a combination of sîr “river” and angren “of iron”.

Sindarin [UT/261; UTI/Angren; UTI/Sîr Angren] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Duinhir

noun. river lord

duin (“river”) + hîr (“lord”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

Esgalduin

noun. veiled river

esgal (“veil, screen, cover”) + duin (“river”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

rath

noun. street, street; [N.] course, river-bed

Sindarin [NM/364; PE17/096; PE17/098; RC/523; RC/526; RC/551; UT/255] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duin

noun. (long and large) river (having strong current)

Sindarin [S/430, LotR/F, TC/179, VT/48:24] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nen

noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/435, UT/457, RC/327-328] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rant

noun. course, riverbed

Sindarin [Ety/383, S/436] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rath

noun. course, riverbed

Sindarin [Ety/383, LotR/Index, RC/523,551] Group: SINDICT. Published by

duin

river

(long, large river with strong current) duin (i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin) (VT48:24)

lind

river

”singer” may also be used of rivers (see

sîr

river

1) (also = rill) sîr (i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”. 2) celon (i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn), 3) The word lind ”singer” may also be used of rivers (see . (WJ.309).

celon

river

(i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn)

sîr

river

(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54); compare the river-name Anduin, ”long river”.

ethir

of a river

(estuary), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath. Note: a homophone means "spy".

duirro

riverbank

duirro (i dhuirro), pl. duirroe (i nuirroe) (VT46:10)

duirro

riverbank

(i dhuirro), pl. duirroe (i nuirroe) (VT46:10)

rath

riverbed

rath (climb, climbing path, street, course), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255)

rath

riverbed

(climb, climbing path, street, course), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255)

othrad

street

1) *othrad (pl. ethraid for archaic öthraid). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ostrad. 2) rath (climb, climbing path, course, riverbed), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255). 3)

rath

street

(climb, climbing path, course, riverbed), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255).

rath

course

rath (climb, climbing path, street, riverbed), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255)

rath

course

(climb, climbing path, street, riverbed), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255)

-deid

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deith, -dyn, -ed, [[]]

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:46] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-deith

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deid, -dyn, -ed, [[]]

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:46] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-dyn

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deid, -deith, -ed, [[]]

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:46] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH,] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lorn

noun. quiet water

Sindarin [VT/45:29, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lorn

noun. anchorage, harbour

Sindarin [VT/45:29, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nen

noun. waterland

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/435, UT/457, RC/327-328] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nen

water

{ĕ}_ n. _water, lake. Q. nén. >> nîn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:52:77] < NEN water. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

othrad

noun. street

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/Z] ost+râd. Group: SINDICT. Published by

rant

noun. lode, vein

Sindarin [Ety/383, S/436] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rath

noun. street

n. street.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:98] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rath

noun. street (in a city)

Sindarin [Ety/383, LotR/Index, RC/523,551] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tîn

adjective. his

Sindarin [bess dîn SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tîn

pronoun. his

Non-lenited form suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT31/21).

Sindarin [AotM/062; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

în

adjective. his (referring to the subject)

Sindarin [SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ŷr

noun. course

Sindarin [Ety/400, X/IU] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bâd

pathway

(i vâd, construct bad) (beaten track), pl. baid (i maid).

Speculative

noun. path

imrad

path

(between mountains, hills or through trackless forest) imrad (pass), pl. imraid.

imrad

path

(pass), pl. imraid.

lorn

quiet water

(anchorage, haven, harbour), pl. lyrn (VT45:29).

nên

water

nên (lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn. FLOOD-WATER (or ”wash”) iôl (pl. ŷl) (RC:334, VT48:33).

nên

water

(lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

othrad

noun. street

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

othrad

street

(pl. ethraid for archaic öthraid). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ostrad.

pada

walk

(i bada, i phadar)

rant

lode

rant (watercourse, water-channel, stream; vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath

rant

lode

(watercourse, water-channel, stream; vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath

râd

path

râd (track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

râd

path

(track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

tín

his

*tín (only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín* is used instead (e.g. i venn sunc i haw ín** ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but *i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody elses) juice”.

tín

his

(only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín is used instead (e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody else’s) juice”.

yr

course

; no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. yrath). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” iôr.

ín

his

(pronoun referring to the subject, e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his [own] juice”, as opposed to ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his [= another’s] juice”)

ŷr

course

*ŷr (construct yr; no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. yrath). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” iôr.

Primitive elvish

duinē

noun. (large) river

Primitive elvish [RC/766; VT48/23; VT48/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nen

root. water, water, [ᴱ√] flow

A root connected to water and (to a lesser extent) rivers for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appearance was as ᴱ√NENE “flow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, though Tolkien marked both the root and the gloss with a “?”; it had derivatives like ᴱQ. nen “river, †water” and ᴱQ. nēnu “yellow water lily” (QL/65). Under this entry Tolkien noted that “nen water is perhaps different from nen river, which is from neře” (QL/65); elsewhere in QL Tolkien gave ᴱ√NERE² or ᴱ√NEŘE [NEÐE] as the basis for nen (nend-) “river”, a root he said was often confused with ᴱ√NESE “give to feed; feed, pasture; graze” (QL/66). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon he had G. nenn “(1) water, (2) river” and G. nendil “water fay” which were probably a blending of NENE and NEÐE, as well as G. nern “brook” from ✱nere¹ (GL/60), probably corresponding to ᴱ√NERE² from QL.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had unglossed ᴹ√NEN with derivatives like ᴹQ. nén/N. nen “water” and ᴹQ. nelle “brook” (Ety/NEN), whereas ᴱ√NERE² and ᴱ√NEÐE from the 1910s seems to have been abandoned. The primitive form √NEN or nē̆n “water” continued to appear regularly in Tolkien’s writings from the 1940s, 50s and 60s (PE17/52, 167; PE19/102; PE21/64, 79).

Primitive elvish [PE17/052; PE17/145; PE17/167; SA/nen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nē̆n

noun. water

Primitive elvish [PE19/102; PE21/79] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nenda

noun. water

Primitive elvish [PE17/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Telerin 

duinë

noun. (large) river

Telerin [VT48/24; VT48/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Khuzdûl

nâla

noun. path, course, river-course or bed

Khuzdûl [PE17/037; TI/175] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

sindi

noun. river

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “river” derived from the root ᴱ√SIŘI [SIÐI] (QL/84). The same word appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/84).

Early Quenya [LT1A/Kelusindi; LT1A/Sirion; PME/084; QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kelusindi

noun. river (near its source)

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. kelu- “flow” and ᴱQ. sindi “river” (QL/46; PME/84). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, it was glossed “river near its source” (PME/84), and so probably referred to the initial outflow of a river.

Early Quenya [PME/084; QL/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ninda

noun. water, river

A word in the Early Noldorin Dictionary from the 1920s given as a cognate of ᴱN. nenn “water, river” (PE13/164). The reason why the vowel was i rather than e isn’t clear; compare to earlier ᴱQ. nen(d-) “river, water” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/65-66) and the root √NEN “water” from the 1930s and later.

Early Quenya [PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nen

noun. river, water

Early Quenya [LT1/248; LT1A/Koivië-néni; LT1A/Neni Erúmëar; PE14/043; PE14/072; PE14/110; PE15/14; PE15/76; PE15/78; PE16/138; PME/065; PME/066; QL/065; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kie

noun. path

Doriathrin

celon

noun. river

A noun meaning “river” developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶kelun (Ety/KEL), where the [[ilk|final [un] became [on]]].

Conceptual Development: This word was initially marked as Noldorin.

Doriathrin [Ety/KEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duil

noun. river

A noun meaning “river”, simply an elaboration of its root ᴹ√DUY (Ety/DUI).

Doriathrin [Ety/DUI; EtyAC/RAMBĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duin

noun. water, river

A noun meaning “water, river”, simply an elaboration of its root ᴹ√DUY (Ety/DUI).

Doriathrin [Ety/DUI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esgalduin

place name. River under Veil

Doriathrin [Ety/DUI; Ety/EZGE; Ety/SKAL¹; EtyAC/DUI; LRI/Esgalduin; SMI/Esgalduin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

sîr

noun. river

Gnomish [GL/67; LT1A/Sirion] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sirion

place name. †river

Gnomish [GL/67; LT1A/Sirion; LT1I/Sirion; LT2I/Sirion; PE13/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nen(n)

noun. water; river

Gnomish [GL/60; LT1A/Neni Erúmëar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

asc

noun. water

A noun glossed “water” appearing in the Official Name List for the Lost Tales of the 1910s, probably based on the early root ᴱ√ASAKA which was used for words meaning “waterfall” (PE13/101).

bad

noun. path

ontha

pronoun. his

Gnomish [GG/11; GL/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

síre

noun. river

Qenya [Ety/SIR; EtyAC/SIR; PE21/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nindari

noun. river-maid, nymph

etta

pronoun. his

nén

noun. water

Qenya [Ety/NEN; PE21/19; PE21/23; PE21/58; PE22/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ranta

noun. course

noun. path

Old Noldorin 

sīre

noun. river

Old Noldorin [Ety/SIR; EtyAC/SIR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rattha

noun. course, river-bed

Old Noldorin [Ety/RAT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yura

noun. course

Old Noldorin [Ety/YUR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

kelun

noun. river

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rattā̆

noun. course, river-bed

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RAT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nē̆n

noun. water

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/55; PE21/58; PE21/62; PE21/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

nen(n)

noun. water, river, stream

Early Noldorin [PE13/123; PE13/151; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhant

noun. path

Early Noldorin [PE13/148; PE13/155] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lim

noun. water

A noun for “water” in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s (PE13/123), probably an early manifestation of the root ᴹ√LIB “drip” from The Etymologies.

Early Noldorin [PE13/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

ninda

noun. water, river

Solosimpi [PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Westron

nîn

noun. water

Westron [LotR/1138] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Valarin 

ul(l)u

noun. water

Valarin [WJ/400; WJ/401] Group: Eldamo. Published by