falas

shore, beach

falas (falass-), falassë noun "shore, beach" (LT1:253, LT2:339); falassë "shore, line of surf" (SA:falas), "shore especially one exposed to great waves and breakers" (VT42:15), "beach" (PHAL/PHÁLAS); Falassë Númëa place-name "Western Surf" (LT1:253), Andafalassë "Langstrand" (PE17:135)

fára

beach, shore

fára noun "beach, shore" (VT46:15)

ailinë

shore, beach

#ailinë (nominative uncertain) noun "shore, beach" (in Tolkien's later Quenya rather hresta). Only attested in inflected forms: sg. ablative ailinello "shore-from" (MC:213), sg. locative ailinisse "on shore" (MC:221), pl. locative ailissen "on beaches" (for *ailinissen?) (MC:221)

hresta

noun. beach, shore

A word for “shore” (MC/221) or “beach” (MC/222) in the Markirya poem from the 1960s. Its etymology is unclear, but it might be related to S. ras(t) “cape, shore”.

Conceptual Development: In the earlier version of ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya from around 1930s, Tolkien used the word ᴱQ. ailin instead.

Element in

• Q. métima hrestallo círa “leave the last shore” ✧ MC/221

solor

surf

solor noun "surf" (SOL); solor, solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266)

hresta

shore, beach

hresta noun "shore, beach", ablative hrestallo *"from (the) shore" in Markirya

solossë

surf, surge

solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266); also solor

falas

noun. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf

falas

noun. the western coast of Beleriand

falas

beach

1b n. beach, strand. >> Anfalas

falas

surfline

1a n. surfline, seashore. Q. falasse.

falas

place name. Western Shore, (lit.) Coast

Region on the coast of Beleriand (S/58). This name is simply the word falas “shore, coast” used as a name (SA/falas). This name sometimes appears with the definite article: i Falas “The Coast” (VT42/15, Ety/PHAL). It sometimes was translated “Western Shore/Coast” (LR/128, Ety/PHAL), but the word for “west” did not appear in its Sindarin name.

Conceptual Development: This name first appeared as N. Falas in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/121, LR/128), and in The Etymologies already had the derivation given above (Ety/PHAL).

Element in

• S. Forfalas “North Falas” ✧ WJI/Falas
• S. Harfalas “South Falas” ✧ WJI/Falas

Variations

• i·Falas ✧ VT42/15 (i·Falas)

falas

noun. beach, shore, strand, surf(line)

A well-established word for “beach” or “shore”, derived from the root √PHAL “foam, splash” (PE17/62, 73).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s this word appeared as G. falos “sea-marge, surf, coast, line; margin, fringe, edge” (GL/33), but it was G. falas “beach” in the contemporaneous Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) as well as in names from this period such as G. Falas-a-’Wilb “Beach of Peace” and G. Falathron = “Ossë”. It appeared as N. falas “beach, shore” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the extended form ᴹ√PHÁLAS of the root ᴹ√PHAL “foam” (Ety/PHAL). Similar derivations appeared in Tolkien’s later writings well (PE17/62, 73).

Cognates

• Q. falassë “(wave-beaten) shore, seashore, line of surf, (wave-beaten) shore, seashore, line of surf; [ᴹQ.] beach” ✧ PE17/062; SA/falas; VT42/15

Derivations

• √PHAL “foam, splash” ✧ PE17/062; PE17/073

Element in

• S. Anfalas “Langstrand, (lit.) Long Beach” ✧ PE17/073; PE17/097; SA/falas; VT42/15
• S. Belfalas “Shore of Bel” ✧ RC/018; SA/falas; VT42/15
• S. Falas “Western Shore, (lit.) Coast” ✧ SA/falas; VT42/15
• S. Falathar ✧ SA/falas
• S. Falathren “Shore-language”
• S. Falathrim “Elves of the Falas, Wave-folk” ✧ SA/falas
• S. Forfalas “North Falas”
• S. Harfalas “South Falas”
• S. Thenfalas “Short Beach” ✧ VT42/15
• S. Tol Falas “*Island of the Shore”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PHAL > falas	[pʰalasse] > [ɸalasse] > [falasse] > [falass] > [falas]	✧ PE17/062
√PHAL > falas	[pʰalasse] > [ɸalasse] > [falasse] > [falass] > [falas]	✧ PE17/073

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

lîr

noun. line, line, [N.] row

Derivations

• ᴹ√LIR “*row”

Element in

• S. aeglir “line of peaks, line of peaks, [N.] range of mountain peaks; [ᴱN.] peak, mountain top” ✧ RC/011

Variations

• lir ✧ RC/011 (lir)

falas

shore, foaming shore

(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.

falas

beach

1) falas (pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15) 2) faur (shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

falas

beach

(pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

line of surf

falas (pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

Falas

The word falas means "surfline, sea-shore" in Sindarin, deriving from the root PHAL ("foam").

falas

surf, line of

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

line of surf

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****

falas

coast

falas (pl. felais) (beach, shore, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

coast

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

foaming shore

falas (pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

foaming shore

(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

shore, foaming shore

falas (pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj. OF THE SHORE (or "of the Falas", the western seaboard of Beleriand) falathren (pl. felethrin)

falas

strand

falas (pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

strand

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

surf, line of

falas (pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falathrim

falas

: PEOPLE OF THE FALAS (the western seaboard of Beleriand) Falathrim (WJ:378, PM:386)

falathren

of the shore

(pl. felethrin)

falathrim

people of the falas

(WJ:378, PM:386)

tilias

line of peaks

(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.

faur

shore

(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

faur

beach

(shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

habad

shore

(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).

rhast

shore

(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).

nothlir

family line

(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

lîr

line

1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) tê (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) tî (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.

lîr

line

(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.

taeg

boundary line

(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).

tê

line

(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath

tî

line

(i** dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.

sakal Reconstructed

noun. shore

This word is attested only in Sakalthôr, whose Quenya name is Falassion (UT/223). The first element of the Quenya name seems to be falassë “shore”, so the first element of his Adûnaic name probably has the same meaning, as suggested by several authors (AAD/22, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/SAK’L).

Element in

• Ad. Sakalthôr “?Shore-son”

teg

root. line

Tolkien used a number of similar roots as the basis for “line” words throughout his life. The earliest of these appeared in the Qenya Lexicon as ᴱ√TEHE [teχe] “pull” (gloss marked with a “?” by Tolkien) with derivatives like ᴱQ. tea “straight”, ᴱQ. telya “attractive; importunate”, and ᴱQ. tie “line, direction, route, road” (QL/90), the last of these surviving more or less unchanged all the way into the published version of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/377). The early root ᴱ√TEHE also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tê “mark, line; track; path”, G. tî or tion “straight”, and G. tîr “honest; esteem, regard, honour”, originally “straight, upright” (GL/69, 71). Primitive ᴱ✶tegna > ᴱQ. tína/ᴱN. tain “straight” from Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s may represent a shift in the form of the root to ✱ᴱ√TEGE (PE13/153, 165).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as {ᴹ√TEƷ >>} ᴹ√TEÑ “line, direction” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tie/N. tê “line, way” and ᴹQ. téra/N. tîr “straight, right” (Ety/TEƷ, TEÑ). In the Outline of Phonology Tolkien gave √TEG “line”, whereas √TEÑ was given as the basis for Q. tenna “a thought, notion, idea” and thus clearly with a different meaning; see the entry √TEÑ for further discussion. In any case it is clear that Tolkien considered various ancient velar consonants for the second consonant of this root, all ultimately vanishing in the child languages with similar vocalic effects: 1910s teχ-, 1920s teg-, 1930s {teʒ- >>} teñ- and 1950s teg-.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume this root was √TEƷ in order to preserve the validity of the word téma “series”. This is because Tolkien kept vacillating on the development of gm, but usually had gm > ngw, so that teg-mā > tengwa, not téma.

Derivatives

• ✶tegē “line, road”
  • Q. tië “path, road, way, line, path, road, way, line, [ᴹQ.] course, direction, [ᴱQ.] route” ✧ PE19/071
• ✶tegmā “direct[ion], process” ✧ PE19/097
  • Q. téma “series, series, [ᴹQ.] row, line” ✧ PE18/104; PE19/082; PE19/097

falas

noun. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf

falas

noun. the western coast of Beleriand

falas

noun. beach, shore

Cognates

• ᴹQ. falasse “beach” ✧ Ety/PHAL

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHAL “foam” ✧ Ety/PHAL

Element in

• N. Anfalas “Langstrand”
• N. Falas “Western Shore, (lit.) Coast” ✧ Ety/PHAL
• N. Falathrin ✧ Ety/PHAL
• N. Harfalas
• N. Orfalas
• N. Tolfalas

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PHAL/PHÁLAS > falas	[pʰalasse] > [ɸalasse] > [falasse] > [falass] > [falas]	✧ Ety/PHAL
ᴹ√PHAL/PHÁLAS > feles	[pʰalassi] > [ɸalassi] > [falassi] > [felessi] > [feless] > [feles]	✧ Ety/PHAL

falas

place name. Western Shore, (lit.) Coast

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Falasse ✧ LRI/Falas; SMI/Falas

Variations

• i Falas ✧ Ety/PHAL

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

faur

noun. beach, shore

faur

noun. beach, shore

A word for “beach, shore” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√SPAR “strew, spread, ?scatter” (EtyAC/SPAR²). The status of this word is uncertain, as its root conflicts with ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue” and other beach words appeared under ᴹ√PHAL “foam”. Derivatives of the latter root are probably to be preferred.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. fára “beach, shore” ✧ EtyAC/SPAR²

Derivations

• ᴹ√SPAR “strew, spread, ?scatter” ✧ EtyAC/SPAR²

Element in

• N. Forfain “?White Beach”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√SPAR² > faur	[spāra] > [spǭra] > [sɸǭra] > [sɸoura] > [ɸoura] > [foura] > [faura] > [faur]	✧ EtyAC/SPAR²

tê

noun. line, way

esgar

noun. shore

tî

noun. line, row