falas

place name. Western Shore, (lit.) Coast

Region on the coast of Beleriand (S/58). This name is simply the word falas “shore, coast” used as a name (SA/falas). This name sometimes appears with the definite article: i Falas “The Coast” (VT42/15, Ety/PHAL). It sometimes was translated “Western Shore/Coast” (LR/128, Ety/PHAL), but the word for “west” did not appear in its Sindarin name.

Conceptual Development: This name first appeared as N. Falas in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/121, LR/128), and in The Etymologies already had the derivation given above (Ety/PHAL).

falas

noun. beach, shore, strand, surf(line)

A well-established word for “beach” or “shore”, derived from the root √PHAL “foam, splash” (PE17/62, 73).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s this word appeared as G. falos “sea-marge, surf, coast, line; margin, fringe, edge” (GL/33), but it was G. falas “beach” in the contemporaneous Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) as well as in names from this period such as G. Falas-a-’Wilb “Beach of Peace” and G. Falathron = “Ossë”. It appeared as N. falas “beach, shore” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the extended form ᴹ√PHÁLAS of the root ᴹ√PHAL “foam” (Ety/PHAL). Similar derivations appeared in Tolkien’s later writings well (PE17/62, 73).

falas

beach

1b n. beach, strand. >> Anfalas

falas

surfline

1a n. surfline, seashore. Q. falasse.

falas

noun. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf

falas

noun. the western coast of Beleriand

falas

Falas

The word falas means "surfline, sea-shore" in Sindarin, deriving from the root PHAL ("foam").

falas

beach

1) falas (pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15) 2) faur (shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

falas

line of surf

falas (pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

coast

falas (pl. felais) (beach, shore, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

foaming shore

falas (pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

shore, foaming shore

falas (pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj. OF THE SHORE (or "of the Falas", the western seaboard of Beleriand) falathren (pl. felethrin)

falas

strand

falas (pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

surf, line of

falas (pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

shore, foaming shore

(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.

falas

beach

(pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

surf, line of

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

line of surf

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****

falas

coast

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

foaming shore

(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

falas

strand

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

faltha

foam

(i faltha, i falthar)

falathrim

falas

: PEOPLE OF THE FALAS (the western seaboard of Beleriand) Falathrim (WJ:378, PM:386)

falathrim

people of the falas

(WJ:378, PM:386)

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

gaerys

masculine name. Ossë

A Sindarin name for Ossë, a combination of gaer “dreadful” and a reduction of his ancient Sindarin name †Yssi (WJ/400). Tolkien stated that this name “was more often used by the inland Teleri”, who viewed this Maia with more awe and fear. Otherwise he was known as Yssion.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the Gnomish name of Ossë is G. Oth(a) (GL/18), perhaps derived from G. ô “sea” (GL/61). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, his Noldorin name is N. Aeros >> Oeros (Ety/GOS, EtyAC/GOS), perhaps a combination of N. oer “sea” and the root ᴹ√GOS “dread”.

lîr

noun. line, line, [N.] row

yssi

masculine name. Ossë

Archaic Sindarin name of Q. Ossë, derived from the primitive name ✶Ossai (WJ/400). It was generally replaced by the more elaborate forms Gaerys or Yssion.

yssion

masculine name. Ossë

A Sindarin name of Q. Ossë, a combination of his archaic name †Yssi with the masculine suffix -on (WJ/400).

falathren

of the shore

(pl. felethrin)

falf

foam

(breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath

faur

shore

(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

faur

beach

(shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

gwing

foam

(i ’wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing)

habad

shore

(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).

lîr

line

1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) tê (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) tî (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.

lîr

line

(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.

nothlir

family line

(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

rhast

shore

(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).

ross

foam

(construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

taeg

boundary line

(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).

tilias

line of peaks

(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.

tê

line

(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath

tî

line

(i** dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.

yssion

ossë

Gaerys (na ’Aerys), ✱Aeros (suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” Oeros, LR:359 s.v. GOS, GOTH)

falas

shore, beach

falas (falass-), falassë noun "shore, beach" (LT1:253, LT2:339); falassë "shore, line of surf" (SA:falas), "shore especially one exposed to great waves and breakers" (VT42:15), "beach" (PHAL/PHÁLAS); Falassë Númëa place-name "Western Surf" (LT1:253), Andafalassë "Langstrand" (PE17:135)

falassë

noun. (wave-beaten) shore, seashore, line of surf, (wave-beaten) shore, seashore, line of surf; [ᴹQ.] beach

A word for “(wave-beaten) shore” (VT42/15; PE17/135), or “seashore, surfline” (PE17/62), derived from the root √PHAL “foam” (PE17/62).

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as ᴱQ. falas (falass-) “shore, beach” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the root ᴱ√FALA (QL/37). It appeared with the gloss “beach” and variants falas and falasse in the contemporaneous Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and as falasse “beach” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/138). ᴹQ. falasse “beach” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived the root ᴹ√PHAL “foam” (Ety/PHAL) and similar derivatives appeared in Tolkien’s later writings as noted above.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would reserve this word for its later meaning “(sea)shore” and “surfline”, and for the beach itself I would use the word Q. hresta.

falassion

masculine name. *Shore-son

Tar-Falassion was the Quenya name of the 22nd ruler of Númenor (UT/223), better knowns as Ar-Sakalthôr. His name seems to be a compound of falassë “shore” and the patronymic suffix -ion “-son”.

falastur

masculine name. Lord of the Coasts

A title taken by the Gondorin king Tarannon to commemorate his naval victories, translated “Lord of the Coasts” (LotR/1044). This name is a compound of falassë “coast” and the suffix -tur “-lord”.

falasta-

verb. to foam, surge, to foam, surge, [ᴱQ.] make a sound like surf

A verb meaning “to foam, surge” (for example, of the sea), used in all versions of the Markirya, both the version from the 1960s and the original from 1931 (and many of its preceding drafts). In the poem, it appeared as an active participle falastala “surging” (MC/222), but in the commentary after the poem it was glossed “foam” (MC/223). In one of the commentaries to the early versions of the poem from around 1930, Tolkien glossed this verb as “make sound as surf” (PE16/75). This verb is probably a derivative of the root √PHAL, perhaps from ✱phalas-tā.

Falastur

shore-lord

Falastur masc. name, *"Shore-lord" (Appendix A)

falasta-

to foam

falasta- vb. "to foam", participle falastala "foaming, surging" in Markirya

falastanë

surging

falastanë participle (?) "surging", falastanéro vb. "was loud with surf" (MC:213, 220; this is "Qenya" - the participle "surging" is falastala in Tolkien's later Quenya)

falassëa

adjective. coastal

A neologism for “coastal” appearing in the Neo-Quenya Wiki, simply an adjectival form of Q. falassë.

ailinë

shore, beach

#ailinë (nominative uncertain) noun "shore, beach" (in Tolkien's later Quenya rather hresta). Only attested in inflected forms: sg. ablative ailinello "shore-from" (MC:213), sg. locative ailinisse "on shore" (MC:221), pl. locative ailissen "on beaches" (for *ailinissen?) (MC:221)

fára

beach, shore

fára noun "beach, shore" (VT46:15)

hresta

shore, beach

hresta noun "shore, beach", ablative hrestallo *"from (the) shore" in Markirya

hresta

noun. beach, shore

A word for “shore” (MC/221) or “beach” (MC/222) in the Markirya poem from the 1960s. Its etymology is unclear, but it might be related to S. ras(t) “cape, shore”.

Conceptual Development: In the earlier version of ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya from around 1930s, Tolkien used the word ᴱQ. ailin instead.

ossë

masculine name. Ossë

One of the greatest of the Maia, master of the seas that wash the shores of Middle-earth (S/30). His Quenya name is derived from his name in Valarin: Val. Oš(o)šai “spuming, foaming” (WJ/400).

Conceptual Development: This name dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, when ᴱQ. Osse was derived from the root ᴱ√’O’O along with other words related to the sea (LT1A/Ossë, QL/70). In The Etymologies, the name ᴹQ. Osse was derived from the primitive root ᴹ√GOS “dread” (Ety/GOS), perhaps referring to the awe-inspiring nature of the sea. The later derivation of Q. ëar “sea” < √GAY(AR) “awe, dread” was similar (PM/363, WJ/400).

In a list of roots written around 1959-60, Tolkien derived Ossë from an otherwised unattested root OS “making a hissing foaming noise” (PE17/138). His Valarin name did not appear until the Quendi and Eldar essay from this same period (WJ/400).

solor

surf

solor noun "surf" (SOL); solor, solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266)

solossë

surf, surge

solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266); also solor

ossë

Ossë

At least two explanations exist for the name Ossë. In The Etymologies, it is understood as the Qenya word osse ("terror"), deriving from the root GOS ("dread"). A later note pertaining to the name instead suggests it is a name of non-Elvish origin, deriving from Valarin Oš(o)šai ("spuming, foaming"). The same later note mentions that Ossë's Sindarin names were Yssion and Gaerys. In Eriol's Old English translations, Osse is referred to as Saefrea "Sea-ruler". However, this reflects his status as a Vala (Fréa) in the earlier Legendarium.

falas

place name. Western Shore, (lit.) Coast

falas

noun. beach, shore

falas

noun. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf

falas

noun. the western coast of Beleriand

esgar

noun. shore

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

faltha-

verb. to foam

A verb for “to foam” in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in its infinitive form faltho and derived from ON. phalsa-, where the ancient ls became lth (Ety/PHAL).

faur

noun. beach, shore

faur

noun. beach, shore

A word for “beach, shore” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√SPAR “strew, spread, ?scatter” (EtyAC/SPAR²). The status of this word is uncertain, as its root conflicts with ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue” and other beach words appeared under ᴹ√PHAL “foam”. Derivatives of the latter root are probably to be preferred.

tê

noun. line, way

tî

noun. line, row

sakal Reconstructed

noun. shore

This word is attested only in Sakalthôr, whose Quenya name is Falassion (UT/223). The first element of the Quenya name seems to be falassë “shore”, so the first element of his Adûnaic name probably has the same meaning, as suggested by several authors (AAD/22, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/SAK’L).

ossai

masculine name. Ossë

teg

root. line

Tolkien used a number of similar roots as the basis for “line” words throughout his life. The earliest of these appeared in the Qenya Lexicon as ᴱ√TEHE [teχe] “pull” (gloss marked with a “?” by Tolkien) with derivatives like ᴱQ. tea “straight”, ᴱQ. telya “attractive; importunate”, and ᴱQ. tie “line, direction, route, road” (QL/90), the last of these surviving more or less unchanged all the way into the published version of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/377). The early root ᴱ√TEHE also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tê “mark, line; track; path”, G. tî or tion “straight”, and G. tîr “honest; esteem, regard, honour”, originally “straight, upright” (GL/69, 71). Primitive ᴱ✶tegna > ᴱQ. tína/ᴱN. tain “straight” from Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s may represent a shift in the form of the root to ✱ᴱ√TEGE (PE13/153, 165).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as {ᴹ√TEƷ >>} ᴹ√TEÑ “line, direction” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tie/N. tê “line, way” and ᴹQ. téra/N. tîr “straight, right” (Ety/TEƷ, TEÑ). In the Outline of Phonology Tolkien gave √TEG “line”, whereas √TEÑ was given as the basis for Q. tenna “a thought, notion, idea” and thus clearly with a different meaning; see the entry √TEÑ for further discussion. In any case it is clear that Tolkien considered various ancient velar consonants for the second consonant of this root, all ultimately vanishing in the child languages with similar vocalic effects: 1910s teχ-, 1920s teg-, 1930s {teʒ- >>} teñ- and 1950s teg-.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume this root was √TEƷ in order to preserve the validity of the word téma “series”. This is because Tolkien kept vacillating on the development of gm, but usually had gm &gt; ngw, so that teg-mā > tengwa, not téma.