ar

conjunction. and

See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel

ar

conjunction. and, and, [G.] too, besides

ar-

ar-

_ pref. _Q. ar-.

ar-

ar-

_ pref. _Q. ar-. . This gloss was rejected.

aragost

masculine name. Aragost

The 8th chieftain of the Dúnedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name is the prefix ar(a)- “noble” and its final element might be [N.] gost “terror” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/341).

Conceptual Development: In the draft of Appendix A of the Lord of the Rings, his name was first given as Arandost, revised to Aragost (PM/211).

arahad

masculine name. Arahad

The 7th and 10th chieftains of the Dúnedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of the name is the prefix ar(a)- “noble” and its final element might be the lenitied form had of the noun sad “place”.

Conceptual Development: In the draft of Appendix A of the Lord of the Rings, the name of Arahad II was first given as Arangar (PM/211).

arahael

masculine name. Arahael

The 2nd chieftain of the Dúnedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name is the prefix ar(a)- “noble” and its final element might be the lenited form hael of the adjective sael “wise”.

Conceptual Development: In the draft of Appendix A of the Lord of the Rings, his name was first given as Araha[n]til (6th letter illegible), revised to Arahail (PM/211). The name was changed to Arahael for the published version of The Lord of the Rings.

araval

masculine name. Araval

The 13th king of Arthedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name is the prefix ar(a)- “noble” and its final element might be the lenited form val of mal(t) “gold” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/342).

Conceptual Development: In the draft of Appendix A of the Lord of the Rings, his name was first given as Aravallen possible containing mallen “golden”, before it was revised to Araval (PM/209).

aravir

masculine name. Aravir

The 4th chieftain of the Dúnedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name is the prefix ar(a)- “noble” and its final element might be the lenited form vir of mîr “jewel”.

aravorn

masculine name. Aravorn

The 9th chieftain of the Dúnedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name is the prefix ar(a)- “noble”. Its final element might be the lenited form vorn of morn “black” or ✱born “(stead)fast”, also seen in Baravorn (as suggested by David Salo, GS/342).

argeleb

masculine name. Argeleb

The 7th and 10th kings of Arthedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of this name is the prefix ar(a)- “noble” and its final element is probably the lenited form geleb of celeb “silver”.

Conceptual Development: In the draft of Appendix A of the Lord of the Rings, the name of Argeleb I was first given as Celebrindol, and the name of Argeleb II was first given as Arveleg (PM/209).

Arnor

noun. Arnor

royal land; ar (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + (n-)dor (“land, dwelling”) Arnor was retained to avoid Ardor and was later explained as the blending of Quenya Arnanóre with S arn(a)dor > ardor

aranarth

masculine name. Aranarth

The 1st chieftain of the Dúnedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name is aran “noble”. The meaning of the final element is unclear. It might be related to the initial element of the name of the fallen realm Arthedain. David Salo suggested that the final element is ✱arth “noble”, cognate to Q. arta (GS/240, 341).

aranel

masculine name. Aranel

A name of Dior. The meaning of the name is unclear, but it might be a combination aran “king” and the suffixal form -el of Ell “elf” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/341).

aranuir

masculine name. Aranuir

The 3rd chieftain of the Dúnedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name may be aran “king” and its final element might be [N.] uir “eternity” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/341).

Conceptual Development: In the draft of Appendix A of the Lord of the Rings, his name was first given as Aranuil, revised to Aranuir (PM/211).

araphant

masculine name. Araphant

The 14th king of Arthedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name may be aran “king” and its final element might be the nasal mutation phant of pant “full” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/341).

araphor

masculine name. Araphor

The 9th king of Arthedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name may be aran “king” and its final element might be the nasal mutation phor of paur “fist” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/342).

arassuil

masculine name. Arassuil

The 11th chieftain of the Dúnedain (LotR/1038). The initial element of his name is probably aran “king”, with ns becoming ss. The second element is thus likely suil, and could conceivably be connected to suilad “greeting”, though this meaning seems unlikely.

Conceptual Development: In the draft of Appendix A of the Lord of the Rings, his name was first given as Arasuil, revised to Arassuil (PM/211).

Arfin

noun. Arfin

prop. n. Originally Arfin{wë Heru}.

Aragorn

noun. Aragorn

royal valor; aran (“king”) + gorn (“valor”) #The translation is given in PM, but it could just as well be more complicated and include or allude to other stems; several names [in the line of Arthedain] though S in form, are not readily interpretable.

Arothir

noun. Arothir

noble lord; arod (“noble”) + hîr (“lord”) S equivalent of Q Artaher.

Argond

noun. Argond

prop. n. . This gloss was rejected.

aras

noun. deer, deer, hart, *stag

A word in the name Cabed-en-Aras “Deer’s Leap” (S/224; UT/150). Its primitive form ✶aras(sō) was translated “hart” (PE21/82), so this word probably refers to a male deer.

arthor na challonnas

place name. Realm of the South-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Gondor (PE17/28). It is a combination of arthor “realm”, the preposition na(n) “of” and the lenited form Challonnas of its shorter name Hallonnas “South-harbourage”.

arthor na forlonnas

place name. Realm of the North-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Arnor (PE17/28). It is a combination of arthor “realm”, the preposition na(n) “of” and its shorter name Forlonnas “North-harbourage”.

Aragorn

noun. Tolkien proposed that the ending gorn was simply modeled on names such as Arathorn

prop. n. Tolkien proposed that the ending gorn was simply modeled on names such as Arathorn, Celegorn, and that the [?pure] Sindarin form of this name was Argorn. . This gloss was rejected.

Argorn

noun. the [?pure] Sindarin form of Aragorn

prop. n. the [?pure] Sindarin form of Aragorn. . This gloss was rejected.

Arnor

Sindarized form of Q

topon. Sindarized form of Q. Aranor 'kingly, chief land'. Pure Sindarin forme Ardor. >> Ardor

Arthor na Challonnas

'Realm of the South-harbourage'

topon. 'Realm of the South-harbourage', older name of Gondor. Q. Turmen Hyallondiéva. >> Arnor, Arthor na Forlonnas, Forlonnas

Arthor na Forlonnas

'Realm of the North-harbourage'

topon. 'Realm of the North-harbourage', another name of Arnor that soon fell out of general colloquial use. Shorter form Forlonnas. Q. Turmen Follondiéva. >> Arnor, Arthor na Challonas, Forlonnas

Ard-Galen

noun. green region, area

ardh (“realm, region”) + calen (“green”)

Arossiach

noun. fords of Aros

Aros (river name) + #iach (“ford”)

ar-feiniel

feminine name. White Lady

A sobriquet of Aredhel translated “White Lady” (S/60). This name is probably a combination of ar(a)- “noble”, fain “white and shining [thing]” and the feminine suffix -iel (as suggested by David Salo, GS/342).

See the entry for Aredhel for discussion of her other names.

araw

masculine name. Oromë

The Sindarin name of Oromë (LotR/1039), a derivation of his Valarin name Arǭmēz (WJ/400).

Possible Etymology: Tolkien considered several different derivations of this name. In The Etymologies of the 1930s and in some later writings, the name was derived from primitive ᴹ✶Orǭmē (Ety/ORÓM; PE17/99, 153), but in these derivations it is unclear how the initial element of his Sindarin name developed from O into A.

Later, Tolkien decided that his name developed from Val. Arǭmēz (PE17/138, WJ/400), making the initial A in the Sindarin name easier to explain. In the case of his Quenya name, the initial A changed to O by association with the Quenya root √ROM “noise of horns” (WJ/400).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the cognate of Orome was given as G. Orma (GL/63). In the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, it appeared as G. Ormain >> Ormaid, both rejected and replaced by (unrelated) Tavros (LB/195).

In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the Noldorin name of Orome appeared first as (rejected) N. Goru (EtyAC/GÓROM), then Araw (Ety/ORÓM). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, his name was written as (incomplete and rejected) Ramr... before being immediately changed to Araw (WR/292). This remained his Sindarin name thereafter.

ard-galen

place name. Green Region

The plain lying to the south of Angband, later named Anfauglith after it was desolated by the forces of Morgoth. The name was translated “Green Region” (WJ/113). Its second element galen is clearly the lenited form of calen “green”, and its initial element is probably some variation of gardh “region” (in early writings, N. ardh), as indicated by by the form Arðgalen in notes from around 1962 (PE17/133), hat-tip to Vyacheslav Stepanov for this reference.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this region was named Bladorion of unclear meaning (LR/117); though it may be related to G. bladwen “plain”. In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, it was renamed Ard-galen (WJ/113).

aredhel

feminine name. Noble Elf

The commonly known name of Turgon’s sister (S/60) and mother of Maeglin (S/133). Her name is a compound of ar(a)- “noble” and Edhel “Elf”, and thus: “Noble Elf” (WJ/318). She was also (less commonly) known by the sobriquet Ar-Feiniel “White Lady” (S/60).

Conceptual Development: This character dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, first appearing as G. Isfin (LT2/165). At this early stage, her name meant “Snow-locks” or “Exceeding-cunning” (LTA2/Isfin). Tolkien kept this name for a long time, and it appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as N. Isfin, a compound of N. ist “knowledge” and ON. phinya “skillful”, so: “✱Skillful Knowledge” (Ety/IS, Ety/PHIN).

Over time, this name lost any linguistic significance, until Tolkien became dissatisfied with it. Tolkien experimented with various alternate forms, first Íreth (MR/182), briefly Rodwen “High Virgin Noble” (WJ/317), and later either Aredhel or Ar-Feiniel (WJ/317). In the published version of The Silmarillion, Christopher Tolkien used both of the last two names, but elsewhere he admitted that the two names were in competition to replace Isfin, and that Aredhel seems to have been his father’s final choice (WJ/318).

To avoid the issue, this entry assumes that both Aredhel or Ar-Feiniel were sobriquets and that Íreth was her “true” Sindarin name, derived from her given name Q. Írissë. See S. Íreth for further discussion.

aramund

masculine name. Kingly Bull

A name coined by Tolkien as a possible Elvish name for a bull (Let/423). The initial element of the name is the prefix ar(a)- “noble” and its final element is mund “bull”.

aredhel

proper name. Noble Elf

A term for the “Noble Elves”, the Sindar and Noldor, with the variant form Aerel (PE17/139, 141) and draft forms Edaeron, Edaerel, Aeriel (PE17/140). It is a combination of the prefix ar(a)- “noble” and Edhel “Elf”, with its variant using Ell “Elf” instead.

arthórien

place name. Hidden Realm

A region between the rivers Aros and Celon, so labeled in the Silmarillion map from the 1950s but not in the published Silmarillion (WJ/183). It is also mentioned in Tolkien’s unfinished expansion of the Tale of the Children of Húrin (UT/77). A late isolated note indicates that Arthúrien (with a ú) was a name used by the Noldor, which was derived from the proper Sindarin form Garthúrian (WJ/189). The name is clearly not Quenya, so perhaps it is Noldorized Sindarin, dropping the initial g.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies from the 1930s, N. Arthoren is said to be a translation of Ilk. Garthurian, beside the “half translation” Arthurien (Ety/GAT(H), ƷAR, THUR), matching the later modification of Sindarin Garthúrian into Arthúrien/Arthórien.

Ara-

prefix. king

pref. king. >> ar-, Arathorn

Araw

theology. Orome

theon. Q. Orome. See also the etymology Áraw < Aráw < Oráw (PE17:99).

Aradan

noun. king-man

ar(a) (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + adan (“man”)

Aredhel

noun. high, noble elf

ar(a) (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + edhel (“elf”)

Argeleb

noun. royal silver

ar (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + #celeb (“silver”)

Argonui

noun. royal valour

ar (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + caun (“valor”) + ui (adjectival suffix)

Arvegil

noun. royal sword

ar (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + megil (“sword”)

Arveleg

noun. mighty king

ar (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + beleg (“great, mighty”)

arwen

noun. royal, noble maiden

ar (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + gwend (“maiden, woman”)

arothir

masculine name. Noble Lord

A name Tolkien considered as a replacement for Orodreth in some of his late writings from 1965 (PM/350). The name is a combination of arod “noble” and hîr “lord”. @@@ Etymology

ardhon

place name. The World

A Sindarin name for the world appearing only in the name Mîr n’Ardhon “Jewel of the World” (PM/348). Since this name is the translation of Q. Ardamírë, it follows that Ardhon may be a cognate of Q. Arda: “The World, (lit.) Realm”. As such, it may be a combination of some form of S. gardh “region” (in early writings, N. ardh) with a suffixal element -on, possibly the augmentative suffix -on. It is also possible that this form is lenited, and the proper form is gardhon.

Aragorn

'Revered King'

prop. n. 'Revered King'. >> ara-, Arangorn, gorn

Arangorn

'Revered King'

prop. n. 'Revered King'. >> Aragorn

Arannor

'King's land'

topon. 'King's land', the North kingdom (at first the most important of Elendil's realms). An older form, still used in literature, later reduced in Arnor. Q. Arandóre.Another name that soon fell out of general colloquial use was Arthor na Forlonnas. >> Arthor na Forlonnas

Aranthorn

'Steadfast King'

prop. n. 'Steadfast King'. >> Arangorn

Arathorn

noun. 'Steadfast King'

prop. n. 'Steadfast King'. >> ara-, thorn. This gloss was rejected.

Ardor

place name. 'kingly

topon. 'kingly, chief land', the pure Sindarin form of Arnor. >> Arnor

Aredhel

'Noble-Elf'

{ð} n. 'Noble-Elf'. Afterwards including also the Exiled Noldor. >> edhel, Thinnedhel

Arnor

'King's land'

topon. 'King's land', the North kingdom (at first the most important of Elendil's realms). Q. Arandóre.A reduced form of older (and still used in literature especially so) arannor. _Arnor _is 'colloquial' < aranōre = noble land, with usual loss of second of two short vowels of same quality. Another name that soon fell out of general colloquial use was Arthor na Forlonnas. >> Arthor na Forlonnas

Arodreth

noun. 'Noble endurance'

prop. n. 'Noble endurance'. >> arod, reth

ar-

prefix. king

pref. king. >> ara-, Arathorn

arben

noun. knight

_ n. _knight. Q. arquen. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'.

arnen

adjective. (?) royal

Originally, Lonnath-Ernin might have been intended to mean 'royal havens', assuming the second element to be a regular adjective. However, the second element in Emyn Arnen 'hills of Arnen' is singular, and Tolkien later decided that it should mean 'Hill beside the water', see VT/42:17 and HL/119-124. Nevertheless, this meaning cannot apply to Lonnath-Ernin (havens are near water by definition), so unless we entirely reject this earlier form, we may assume that an adjective 'royal' is still possible.

arod

adjective. tall

_ adj. _tall, eminent. Q. aratā.

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

Arador

noun. royal lord

ara (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + taur (“king, lord”)

Araglas

noun. royal joy

aran (“king”) + glass (“joy”)

Aragost

noun. royal dread

aran (“king”) + gost (“dread”)

Arahael

noun. wise king

ara (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + sael (“wise”)

Aran Einior

noun. Elder King (Manwë)

aran (king) + einior (“elder”) > an (comparative prefix) + iaur (“ancient, old”)

Aranath

noun. kings

aran (“king”) + ath (collective plural suffix)

Aranrúth

noun. royal anger

aran (“king”) + rûth (“anger”) The archaic origin of the name can probably explain why assimilation nr > dhr doesn't take place.

Aranuir

noun. eternal king

aran (“king”) + #uir (“eternity”)

Araphant

noun. full king, king of all

aran (“king”) + pant (“full”) #The assimilation of n+p > ph could be “internal nasal mutation”.

Araphor

noun. royal fist

aran (“king”) + paur (“fist”)

Arathorn

noun. royal eagle

aran (“king”) + thorn (“eagle”)

Araval

noun. golden king

ara (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + mall (“golden, of gold”)

Aravir

noun. royal jewel

ara (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + mîr (“jewel, treasure”)

Aravorn

noun. black king

ara (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + morn (“black”)

Argonath

noun. royal stones

arn (prefix “royal”) + gond (“great stone, rock”) + ath (collective plural suffix). Triconsonantal cluster rgn produces rg; in this case original nd doesn’t produce nn before the collective plural suffix ath. #It might be a dialectal form or a mistake on the part of Gondorians who didn't always use Elvish languages correctly (VT42 “Rivers and Beacon-hills”).

Arthedain

noun. noblemen

arth (“noble, lofty”) + edain (pl. of adan “man”)

aranarth

noun. kingdom, "king-holding"

In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of arnad

aranarth

noun. noble king

aran (“king”) + arth (“lofty, noble”)

Arvedui

noun. last king

âr (“king”) + medui (“last”)

arnoediad

adjective. unnumbered, without reckoning

ar(a)-

prefix. noble, royal, high

arnediad

adjective. unnumbered, unnumbered, [N.] without reckoning, numberless, innumerable, countless, endless

arod

adjective. noble

arphen

noun. noble, knight

arthor

noun. realm

Arathorn

noun. 'Steadfast King'

prop. n. 'Steadfast King'. . This gloss was rejected.

Araum

theology. Orome

theon. Q. Orome.

Araw

Orome

_ theon. _Q. Orome.

Araw

theology. Orome

theon. Q. Orome.

ara

noun. king

_ n. _king. 

aran

'high or noble person'

pl1. erain n. 'high or noble person', king, chief.

ardhon

noun. great region, province

ardhon

noun. world

arn

adjective. royal

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

arthor

realm

_n. _realm.

arwen

noun. noble woman

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

aran

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

aras

noun. deer

arben

noun. knight

arnad

noun. kingdom

arnœdiad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

arod

adjective. noble

arphen

noun. a noble

arphent

noun. "and (he/she) said"

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

apharch

adjective. very dry, arid

parth

noun. field, enclosed grassland, sward

thar-

prefix. across, athwart, over, beyond

garthúrian

place name. Hidden Realm

A region between the rivers Aros and Celon, so labeled in the Silmarillion map from the 1950s but not in the published Silmarillion (WJ/183). A late isolated note translates it as “Hidden Realm” and indicates that it is the Sindarin form from which Arthúrien is derived (WJ/189). Most likely it is a combination of gardh “realm”, thurin “hidden” and the suffix -ian(d) “land”.

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, G. Gar Thurion “Secret Place” was given as a name for Doriath (LT2/158), revised from earlier Gar Furion (LT2/202). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Ilk. Garthurian is given as an Ilkorin name of Doriath, translated “Fenced Realm” or “Hidden Realm” (Ety/GAT(H), ƷAR, THUR). The name N. Arthurien is said to be a “half translation” of the Ilkorin name, matching the later modification of Sindarin Garthúrian into Arthúrien.

calenardhon

place name. Green Province

The name of the Gondorian province that would become Rohan (LotR/678), translated “Green Province” (RC/477) or “(great) green region” (Let/383). The initial element is clearly calen “green” (SA/calen). Tolkien stated that its final element is the suffix -ond “commonly used in the names of regions or countries” (UT/318), but the translation “(great) green region” indicates he may also have considered the augmentative suffix -on. Its middle element is most likely (g)ardh “region”; if so, the ending of this word might be a lenited form of a noun ✱gardhon meaning “province”.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this region was first named ᴹQ. Elenarda, revised to (mixed language?) Kalenarda or Kalinarda (WR/155-6). Tolkien soon changed the name again to Calenardan >> N. Calenardhon (WR/168), and kept this name thereafter.

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

thar-

across

_ pref. _across, over, properly 'athwart'. Original S. form þara-. See also the rejected glose in PE17:34.

mîr n’ardhon

Jewel of the World

caran

adjective. red

gardh

noun. region

amar

world

n. world.

thar

adverb. across

adv. & prep. across. . This gloss was rejected.

ahamar

noun. neighbour

caran

adjective. red

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

gardh

noun. bounded or defined region

gardh

noun. world

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

samarad

noun. two neighbours

sammar

noun. neighbour

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

ar

outside

(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

royal

(adj. prefix) ar- (noble, high). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

royal

(noble, high). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

outside

(without)

ar

without

(outside)

Aredhel

Aredhel

Aredhel's name in Valinor used to be Írissë. In Sindarin this name was Íreth. The name Aredhel means "Noble Elf" in Sindarin, and is probably an epessë acquired later.[source?] Note on pronunciation: Aredhel should be pronounced ar-eth-el (hard "th"), not ar-ed-hel.

Argonath

Argonath

The name is Sindarin and is composed of ar "royal" plus gond "stone". The ending -ath is a collective plural, used sometimes (perhaps irregularly) for dual.

arwen

Arwen

Arwen means "Noble Maiden" in Sindarin (from ara- = "noble" and gwenn = "maiden"). The Quenya form of her name is not entirely certain, but as just a name, it is grammatically possible to calque Arwen to Quenya as Aranwen (pron. [aˈranwen] using aran- and wendë, stem Aranwend-; compare masculine Aranwë), but Arwen itself is also coincidentally a valid Quenya synthesis (using ar-, stem Arwend-), meaning the possibility that Arwen's name is the same in Sindarin and Quenya. Her epessë, Undómiel, means "Evenstar", from Undómë "evening twilight" and el "star".

Argonath

Argonath (name)

The name is Sindarin and is composed as arn "royal" + gond "stone". The ending -ath is a collective plural, used sometimes (perhaps irregularly) for dual.

Aros

Aros (name)

The word Aros, derived from the Elvish root YAR- ("blood"), is said to be a "name of river with reddish water". The Noldorin form of the word was iaros.

Arossiach

Fords of Aros

Arossiach is a Sindarin name meaning "Fords of Aros", from Aros + iach ("ford").

arnediad

numberless

arnediad (unnumbered, without reckoning), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).Ó

arnediad

without reckoning

arnediad (unnumbered, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

arnediad

without reckoning

arnediad (unnumbered, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid if the word can be pluralized as a regular adjective. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

arnediad

unnumbered

arnediad (without reckoning, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

arwen

noble maiden

Arwen means "Noble Maiden" in Sindarin (from ara- = "noble" and gwenn = "maiden"). The Quenya form of her name is not entirely certain, but as just a name, it is grammatically possible to calque Arwen to Quenya as Aranwen using aran- and wendë, stem Aranwend-; compare masculine Aranwë), but Arwen itself is also coincidentally a valid Quenya synthesis (using ar-, stem Arwend-), meaning the possibility that Arwen's name is the same in Sindarin and Quenya. Her epessë, Undómiel, means "Evenstar", from Undómë "evening twilight" and el "star".

arnediad

numberless

(unnumbered, without reckoning), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

arnediad

without reckoning

(unnumbered, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).****

arnediad

unnumbered

(without reckoning, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

Araw

orom

Ë Araw, also called Tauron (na Dauron, o Thauron). Other names: Galadhon (na **Aladhon) or Tauros (na Dauros, o Thauros**)

Arnor

Land of the King

Arnor was the colloquial name for the North Kingdom. The North Kingdom, as the land was called at its conception, was also known as Turmen Follondiéva in Quenya and Arthor na Forlonnas in Sindarin. These names quickly fell out of use, in favor of Arnor: the Land of the King, so called for the kingship of Elendil, and to seal its precedence over the southern realm. In full, poetic Sindarin, it was called Arannor, which mirrored its Quenya name, Arandórë. Though technically Arandórë would have a Sindarin form Ardor, Tolkien chose Arnor because it sounded better. This linguistic change was ascribed to a later, Mannish development of Sindarin. The form Arnanórë is also seen.

aran

king

1) (king of a region) aran (pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural). 2) (king of a people) †taur (i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. _T_Ā to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.

aran

king of a region

aran (pl. erain)

aras

deer

aras (pl. erais, coll. pl. arassath)

ardh

realm

ardh (region), pl. erdh

ardh

region

1) ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

ardhon

world

ardhon (great region/province), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath

ardhon

province

(great province) ardhon (great region, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath

ardhon

great province

ardhon (great region, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arn

royal

arn (noble), pl. ern

arnad

kingdom

arnad (pl. ernaid) (VT44:23)

aronoded

countless

aronoded (endless, innumerable), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

innumerable

aronoded (countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

endless

aronoded (countless, innumerable), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arth

exalted

1) arth (lofty, noble), pl. erth;

arwen

noble woman

arwen (pl. erwin).:

arwen

noble woman

arwen (pl. erwin); CROWNED WOMAN (= queen): rîn, construct rin, no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn). This is basically the adj. rîn ”crowned” used as a noun. Note: a homphone means ”remembrance”.

aran

king

(pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural).

aras

deer

(pl. erais, coll. pl. arassath)

ardh

region

(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

ardhon

world

(great region/province), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath

ardhon

province

(great region, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath

ardhon

great province

(great region, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

aronoded

countless

(endless, innumerable), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

innumerable

(countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

endless

(countless, innumerable), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aranas

noun. kingship

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

morning

aur (day), pl. oer;

Arthedain

Realm of the Edain

aran

king of a region

(pl. erain)

araw

oromë

also called Tauron (na Dauron, o Thauron). Other names: Galadhon (na ’Aladhon) or Tauros (na Dauros, o Thauros)

ardh

realm

(region), pl. erdh

ardhon Reconstructed

noun. province

arn

royal

(noble), pl. ern

arnad

kingdom

(pl. ernaid) (VT44:23)

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

arth

exalted

(lofty, noble), pl. erth

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

morning

(day), pl. oer;

maeron

noun. artist

A noun in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, the Sindarin equivalent of maitar “artist” (PE17/163). See the Quenya entry for further details.

maeron

noun. artist

_ n. _artist. It usually, but not necessarily, implied a poet. Q. maitar.

thoniel

verb. archaic perfect participle/adjective

_ v. _archaic perfect participle/adjective. >> Gilthoniel

partha

arrange

partha- (i bartha, i pharthar) (compose)

partha

arrange

(i bartha, i pharthar) (compose)

apharch

adjective. arid, very dry

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

partha-

verb. to arrange, compose

cû

noun. arch, crescent

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

ranc

noun. arm

athar

beyond

1) *athar (across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. 2) (adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, over)

athar

across

(preposition) *athar (beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

gar

possess

gar- (i **âr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (hold, have; be able, can); pa.t. garant**. (AI:92, VT45:14)

garth

fort, fortress

1) garth (i **arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth), 2) ost (city, stronghold), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (q.v.), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288). 3) barad (fortress, tower) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad** is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.

glawar

sunlight

glawar (i **lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

parch

dry

parch (lenited barch; pl. perch);

parth

field

1) parth (i barth, o pharth) (sward, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth), 2) (low, flat field, or wetland) talf (i dalf, o thalf), pl. telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. _(Names:195). Note: a homophone means ”palm”. 3) sant (i hant, o sant) (garden, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)_

partha

compose

partha- (i bartha, i pharthar) (arrange)

sammar

neighbour

sammar (i hammar, o sammar), pl. semmair (i semmair). Also ahamar (pl. ehemair). Dual samarad, 2 neighbours (VT48:20)

sarn

stone

1) (small stone, or stone as material) sarn (i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”. 2) gôn (i **ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #**gonath as in Argonath. 3) (larger stone) gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

tarias

difficulty

tarias (i darias, o tharias) (stiffness, toughness), pl. teriais (i theriais) if there is a plural form; coll. pl. tariassath

aearon

great ocean

also Gaearon (i** ’Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i** Ngaearyn = *i Ñaearyn). Also short form Gaeron (i** ‘Aeron), pl. Gaeryn (i** Ngaeryn = i Ñaeryn*). Coll. pl. Gaearonnath, Gaeronnath.

athar

across

(beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. – Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)

barad

fort, fortress

(fortress, tower) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

gar

possess

(i ’âr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (hold, have; be able, can); pa.t. garant. (AI:92, VT45:14)

garaf

wolf

(i ngaraf = i ñaraf, o n’garaf = o ñgaraf), pl. geraif (in geraif = i ñgeraif), coll. pl. garavath

gardh

bounded or defined place

(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);

gardh

region

(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)

garth

fort, fortress

(i ’arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth)

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

parch

dry

(lenited barch; pl. perch);

parth

field

(i barth, o pharth) (sward, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth)

partha

compose

(i bartha, i pharthar) (arrange)

sarn

stone

(i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”.

sarn

made of stone, stony

(lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.

tarias

difficulty

(i darias, o tharias) (stiffness, toughness), pl. teriais (i theriais) if there is a plural form; coll. pl. tariassath

thar

beyond

(across, athwart, over)

gardhon Speculative

noun. province

apharch

very dry

(pl. epherch) (VT45:5, 36)

athar

beyond

(across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation.

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

narthan

fire-sign

pl. **nerthain** (VT45:20)

tân

noun. builder, smith, wright, artificer

An element in various words with senses like “builder, smith, wright, artificer”. N. tân was also an element in a number of words in The Etymologies of the 1930s, based on the root ᴹ√TAN “make, fashion” (Ety/KIR, TAN). In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien revised the primitive root to √TAM “construct”, but he said that “in Sindarin the base appeared mostly in form √TAN owing to contact with √PAN ‘arrange, set in order’ (PE17/108)”. It is not clear whether the element -tan can be used as independent word, but if it can then it would have the form tân.

Feanor

noun. Sindarized form of Q

prop. n. Sindarized form of Q. Feanór.

Fingon

noun. Sindarized form of Q

_prop. n. _Sindarized form of Q. Finicā(n. Tolkien proposed to change it : Finion or Fingorn. . This gloss was rejected.

Glorfindel

noun. Sindarized form of Q

prop. n. Sindarized form of Q. Laurefin(de), Laurefindele. >> findel

Ingol

noun. Sindarized form of Q

prop. n. Sindarized form of Q. Ingoldo.

dern

hard

adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. dernlir. >> gorn

dîr

adjective. hard

_ adj. _hard, difficult. dērā << dīrā. >> dír-

gorn

hard

adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. gornhoth (hostile implication). >> dern

gorn

hard

_ adj. _hard, stiff, thrawn. >> gornod, gordh

mell

adjective. dear

_ adj. _dear, beloved. Q. melda.

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

bain

fair

_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân

bân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain

gwain

adjective. fair

adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.

gwân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, pale.

gwana

noun/adjective. fair

lind

adjective. fair

mell

adjective. dear, beloved

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

ceven

noun. Earth

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

genediad

gerund noun. calendar

groth

noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

minuial

noun. "morrowdim", the time near dawn, when the star fade

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

na

preposition. to, towards, at

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

penninor

noun. last day of the year

region

noun. holly-tree area

[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]

rond

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

rî

noun. crown, wreath, garland

sad

noun. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot

a

and

conj. and.Form of ad/ada before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> ad, ada, adh

a

conjunction. and

conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. Q. ar

ad

conjunction. and

conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ada, adh

ada

conjunction. and

conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ad, adh

Ídh

and

{ð} conj. and.Form of ad/ada before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ad, ada

ah

preposition/conjunction. and, with

The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a.1 , ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)

bach

article for exchange

bach (ware, thing) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich).

os

around, about

(adv. prefix) #os- (as in osgar- ”cut around”

ranc

arm

ranc (pl. rengy or rainc, with article idh rengy/rainc), coll. pl. rangath

rhûd

artificial cave

?rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)

rhûd

artificial cave

*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)

sâd

area

(limited area naturally or artificially defined) sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (place, spot), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

bach

exchange, article for

(ware, thing) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich)

bach

article for exchange

(ware, thing) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich).

os

about, around

(as in osgar- ”cut around”

os

around, about

(as in osgar- ”cut around”

ranc

arm

(pl. rengy or rainc, with article idh rengy/rainc), coll. pl. rangath

rhûd

artificial cave

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*

drauthiel

adjective. arduous, labourious

othidh

noun. armistice

othrim

noun. army

pannen

adjective. arranged, settled, done

pilimbes

noun. arrow feathering

plinn

noun. arrow

cû

arch

cû (i gû, o chû) (bow, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

maenas

art

maenas (i vaenas) (craft, handicraft), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath.

cû

arch

(i gû, o chû) (bow, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

maenas

art

(i vaenas) (craft, handicraft), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath.

pengas

noun. archery

pengron

noun. archer

ranc

noun. arm

sâd

area

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (place, spot), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

agor

narrow

agor (analogical pl. egyr). In archaic S agr.

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

daedhelos

great fear

daedhelos (i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndae<u>d</u>elos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for GREAT FEAR is goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe).

ennor

middle-earth

Ennor, also in coll. pl. ennorath = lands of Middle-earth (RGEO, Letters:384). Apparently less usual is the term Emerain.

goe

great fear

goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe);

norn

hard

norn (twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted), pl. nyrn. Also used as noun = ”Dwarf”. (MR:93, WJ:205)

agor

narrow

(analogical pl. egyr). In archaic S agr.

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

daedhelos

great fear/dread

(i** naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i** ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

gelia-

verb. learn

The root ÑGOL causes i ngelia (who learns)

golwen

learned in deep arts

(wise), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic pl. ✱gölwin)

gîl

bright spark

(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*

lond

narrow path

(harbour, haven, pass, strait), pl. lynd, coll. pl. lonnath (as in the name Lonnath Ernin, WR:294).

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

norn

hard

(twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted), pl. nyrn. Also used as noun = ”Dwarf”. (MR:93, WJ:205)

bain

fair

bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

bain

fair

(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

cae

noun. earth

mail

dear

mail (lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)

aliavren

adjective. barren

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

gilwen

region of stars

(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).

imlad

narrow valley with steep sides

(glen, deep valley), pl. imlaid.

imrath

narrow valley

(pl. imraith)

mail

dear

(lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)

toled

noun. coming, arrival

eirien

feminine name. Daisy

A Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s daughter “Daisy”, presumably of the same meaning, appearing in Tolkien’s unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings and in the King’s Letter (SD/126, 129). Presumably it is eirien “daisy” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: In earlier versions of the epilogue the name appeared as N. Arien or Erien (SD/117, 121).

ion(n)

noun. son, son, *boy

The usual word for “son” in Sindarin, derived from the root √YON of similar meaning (MR/373; SD/129; VT50/18; Ety/YŌ). Tolkien gave it as both ion and ionn.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “son” was G. bo or bon (GL/23). This became ᴱN. gó “son” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/144). Tolkien introduced N. ionn “son” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YO(N) of the same meaning (Ety/YŌ), and seems to have stuck with it thereafter.

Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien sometimes glossed its Quenya equivalents yondo or yonyo as “boy” (PE17/190; VT47/10, 27). Since we don’t have any good Sindarin words for “boy”, I’d use ionn for this purpose as well.

anglenna-

verb. to approach

A verb appearing in the King’s Letter in its future form anglennatha within the phrase anglennatha i Varanduiniant erin dolothen Ethuil “[Aragorn] will approach the Bridge of Baranduin on the eighth day of Spring” (SD/129). It appears to be a combination of an “to(wards)” and an otherwise unattested verb glenna-, perhaps meaning “✱go, travel”.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. artha- “approach” probably based on G. art “beside, along side of” [so artha- = “✱come beside”] (GL/20), as well as G. lentha- “come towards speaker, approach, draw near” (GL/53), the latter probably based on the early root ᴱ√LEHE “come, be sent, approach” (QL/52).

belaith

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.

hên

noun. child

A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.

Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322).

In the Quendi and Eldar (Q&E) essay of 1959-60, Tolkien said “S has hên, pl. hîn, mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics”, meaning this word was often used to mean “child of” in reference to one’s parents, for example Túrin hen Húrin or Túrin hen Morwen.

men-

verb. to go

The basic Sindarin verb for “go”, derived from the root √MEN (PE17/143). Its archaic past form emēnē was discussed in notes from around 1965 (PE17/93); its modern past would be ✱evín. It also appeared in its gerund form in the sentence niðin mened “I have a mind to go, I intend to go” in notes from 1969 (PE22/165).

na-

verb. to be

A verb for “to be” based on the root √NĀ of the same meaning. This verb is barely attested in the Sindarin language, and the general consensus is that [for purposes of Neo-Sindarin at least] Sindarin omits the verb “to be” in most phrases, such as in naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for saving us” (LotR/299) or ✱orchal i adan “tall [is] the man”; see the entry on the copula for further discussion.

The clearest attestation of the verb na- is its imperative form no “be!” in the phrase no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name, (lit.) ✱be holy the name your”, from the Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s (VT44/21). This imperative form was preceded by some hard-to-read deleted forms, perhaps {dôd >> dád >> hae >>} no (VT44/22). The d-forms might be eroded/mutated variants of na-. Compare đa in the phrase inn đa v’im “a mind there is in me = I have a good mind (to do so)” in notes from the late 1960s (PE22/165), where đa could be another eroded form of na-. This phrase was first written as inn no v’im (PE22/165 note #108); see the entry for đa for further discussion.

Another clear attestation of na “be” is an apparent future form natho in the untranslated phrase Sí il chem {na} en i naugrim en ir Ellath {natho} thor den ammen in the so-called “Túrin Wrapper” from the late 1950s (VT50/5). This future[?] form natho was deleted and replaced by thor, and a deleted {na} also appears earlier in the phrase, possibly a false start. Carl Hostetter suggested this phrase might mean something like “✱now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) us” (VT50/22-25). If so, it seems the future of na- “be” was constructed from the bare future suffix (a)tha-, manifesting as tho “✱will be”.

Neo-Sindarin: As noted above, for purposes of Neo-Sindarin the general consensus is that this verb is barely used, and is omitted from most “to be” phrases as in the example orchal i adan given above. The verb’s one widely accepted use is as an imperative, such as in no mae “be well”. Based the Túrin Wrapper, I posit that tho can also be used for a future form “will be”, as in i adan tho orchal “the man will be tall”. I likewise posit a (purely hypothetical) past form [ᴺS.] nî “was”, based on the primitive past-tense element ✶-nē with [[os|long [ē] becoming [ī]]], as in i adan nî orchal “the man was tall”. Neither tho or nî are widely accepted Neo-Sindarin, however.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had the verb G. na- “is” (GL/58), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√NĀ “be, exist” (QL/64). This irregular Gnomish verb had some inflected forms: plural nain, participle ol· and past form {ni >>} thi, the last of these being another inspiration for Neo-Sindarin nî “was”.

naur

noun. fire, fire, [N.] flame

The basic Sindarin word for “fire”, derived from the root √NAR of the same meaning (LotR/942; PE17/38) and very well attested. It is derived from primitive ✱nār- since primitive long ā became au in Sindarin. It appeared as N. naur “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the same derivation (Ety/NAR). As a suffix it usually reduces to -nor, since au usually becomes o in polysyllables. As a prefix, though, it is often Nar- before consonant clusters, no doubt because the ancient long ā was shortened before it could become au.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word for “fire” was G. sâ with archaic form †sai (GL/66) clearly based on the early root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sári; QL/81). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the word for “fire” was ᴱN. byr or buir from primitive ᴱ✶ [mburyē] (PE13/139). Tolkien introduced naur in The Etymologies of the 1930s and stuck with it thereafter.

raw

noun. wing

The Sindarin word for “wing” (PE17/63) based on the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM). Its Quenya cognate ráma indicates its ancient vowel ā was long, and this long ā became au (aw) in Sindarin. Meanwhile, the ancient m became v, which then vanished after the diphthong aw: ✱rāmā > raum(a) > rau(v) > raw.

Conceptual Development: The word G. ram “wing, pinion” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was similarly derived (GL/64), but in Gnomish m did not become v.

sad

noun. place, spot

A word meaning “place, spot” appearing in The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, more precisely “a limited area naturally or artificially defined” (VT42/19-20). It was derived from √SAT “divide, mark off”.

tol-

verb. to come

The basic Sindarin verb for “to come”, well attested from the 1930s-1960s and derived from the root √TUL of similar meaning (Ety/TUL; PE17/166; PE22/168; VT44/25). The Sindarin o was the result of the usual sound change whereby [[s|short [u] became [o]]] in Sindarin’s phonetic development.

Conceptual Development: A verb G. tul- appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but there its meaning was “(1) bring; (2) come to” (GL/71), and in one place Tolkien said its original meaning was “to support” (GL/69). This is in keeping with the broader meaning of the early root ᴱ√TULU, which was glossed “fetch, bear, bring; move, come; (originally) uphold, support, bear, carry” (QL/95).

-eg

suffix. your

_2nd sg./pl. poss. suff. your.Maybe the familiar form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -gen_. >> -el, -gen

-el

suffix. your

_2nd sg./pl. poss. suff. _your. Maybe the polite form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -lein. >> -eg, -lein

-gen

suffix. your

_2nd sg. poss. suff. your.Maybe the familiar form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -eg_. >> -eg

-lein

suffix. your

_2nd sg. poss. suff. your.Maybe the polite form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -el_. >> -el

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

balrog

demon

n. (mighty) demon. A word made in ancient S. for the spirits (of 'māyan' origin) corrupted to his service by Melkor in the days outside Arda, before the coming of the Elves and the assault uopon Utumno. Q. pl1. Valaraucar. In a draft, Tolkien presented the Balrogs as of "Valar or Maian origin" (PE17:48). >> raug

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

gond

stone

_n. _stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. >> Gondor

ma

adjective. good

_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

raud

tall

adj. tall, high, lofty, eminent, noble. Q. arta (< áratā). >> Nimrodel, rodel

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

raw

wing

n. wing. Q. ráma, pl1. rámar. >> Landroval, rov-, roval

draug

noun. wolf

A noun for “wolf”, most notably appearing as an element in the name of the great werewolf S. Draugluin. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. draug “wolf” was derived from the root ᴹ√DARAK (Ety/DARÁK).

dring

noun. hammer, hammer, *beater

A noun for “hammer” appearing only as an element in the name Glamdring “Foe-hammer” (PE17/84). The Etymologies of the 1930s had this name under the root ᴹ√DRING “beat, strike” (Ety/DRING). Given that the orcs called Glamdring “Beater”, this might also be an alternate translation of dring.

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s also had N. dam “a hammer” under the root ᴹ√NDAM “hammer, beat” (Ety/NDAM). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. odrum or adrum “hammer” (GL/62), probably based on the early root ᴱ√D(A)RAM “to batter, thud, beat” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/89).

eirien

noun. daisy

A word for “daisy” as the name of one of the daughters of Samwise (SD/126). Its origin is unclear, but David Salo suggested it might be a loan from Q. Arien “Sun-maiden” (GS/228).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “daisy” was G. hetheglon derived from primitive {ᴱ✶heth·seg·glôn >>} ᴱ✶heth·thed·’lon, effectively a combination of G. heth “white”, G. thed “eye”, and the genitive glôn of G. glâ “day” (GL/49), so literally “✱white eye-of-day”. G. glonthen “dandelion” from the same document had a similar derivation = “eye of the day” (GL/40).

glân

adjective. bright, shining white

The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking

glóriel

adjective. golden

This appears to be an adjectival form of glaur “gold (colour or light)” seen only as a element in names like Galadlóriel “Golden Rain” (MR/155; RS/187) [not an exact translation] and Rathlóriel “Golden-bed” (S/235).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s these names had a short o under the root ᴹ√(G)LAWAR, indicating a Noldorin form of N. gloriel (Ety/LÁWAR). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. glôriol “golden, like gold” based on G. glôr “gold” (GL/40).

hîl

noun. heir

A word for “heir” appearing only as an element in Eluchíl “Thingol’s Heir” (S/188; PM/369). It is clearly the Sindarin equivalent of Q. hildë “heir”.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hilmir “heir (m. or f.)” based on G. hilm “posterity, descendants, progeny” (GL/49).

ion

noun. son

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

ion

noun. scion, male descendant

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

iond

noun. son

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

iond

noun. scion, male descendant

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

lagor

adjective. swift, rapid

The form lhegin in the published Etymologies might be a misreading for lhegrin, see VT/45:25. As noted by Bertrand Bellet, the two forms are listed side by side, and they may simply be doublets, but it is also possible that we have here a singular followed by its plural.

laud

noun. feather

A Sindarin word for “feather”, attested only its suffixal form -lod in the name gwaelod “wind feather” (PE23/142). It is derived from ✶lauto, so its Sindarin singular form would be ✱laud.

mallen

adjective. golden, golden, [N.] of gold

An adjective for “golden” mentioned in Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings as an element in the name Cormallen “Golden Circle” (RC/625). It may also be seen in Rathmallen, a variant of the name Rathlóriel “Golden-bed”, replacing the second element glóriel “golden” with mallen (WJ/353). The word N. mallen also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” as an “analogical” variant of N. malthen “of gold” (Ety/SMAL).

Possible Etymology: In Tolkien’s later writings, this adjective was probably based on the root √MAL(AT) “gold”, also seen as the basis for the noun malt “gold [as metal]” (PE17/50; VT42/27). It was likely in keeping with the 1950s and 60s sound change whereby medial lth became voiceless ll; a similar sound shift may be seen in S. mallorn “golden tree” < OS. malthorn = malt + orn (VT42/27). In Noldorin of the 1930s lth was preserved, so 1930s N. mallen may have been based on ✱(s)maldina instead.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word only for golden colors, and would use [N.] malthen for “of gold [metal]”; see that entry for discussion.

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

maer

good

adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.

naur

fire

_ n. fire. naur an edraith ammen! _'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. Q. nár. >> Sammath Naur

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

a

and

a, or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

a

and

or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ell

noun. Elf

aich

adverb. also

A neologism for “also” suggested by Elaran in a private Discord conversation on 2019-07-14 as a replacement for eithro “✱also” whose meaning and etymology is unclear. This word aich is derived from ancient adverbial ✱as-jē and patterned after (probably adverbial) G. arthi (GL/20).

ûr Reconstructed

noun. fire, fire; [ᴱN.] sun

A word for “fire” attested in later writings only as an element in names, such as S. Úrui “August, ✱Hot-one” (LotR/1110). It appeared as N. ûr “fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but this and related words were deleted when Tolkien changed the sense of the root to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR). However, √UR “heat” was restored in later writings (PE17/148; PE22/160), and primitive ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, though Tolkien did mark it with a “?” (PE21/71 and note #8).

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the first precursor to this word was G. †Uril, an archaic word for the Sun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing beside its modern form G. Aur (GL/75) and clearly a derivative of the early root ᴱ√URU as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ûr; QL/098). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising this document, it became {ŷr >>} hŷr “sun” (PE13/114), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it became ᴱN. {húr >>} úr “sun”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ourū̆ (PE13/155).

This in turn became N. ûr “fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but as noted above the meaning of this root was changed in that document (Ety/UR). Although the root √UR “heat” was later restored, it isn’t clear whether Tolkien also restored ûr “fire”, though there is some secondary evidence of it: primitive ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” appeared in notes from the early 1950s, as also noted above (PE21/71).

Neo-Sindarin: If S. naur is (like its Quenya cognate Q. nár) more representative of an elemental or abstract notion of fire, then ûr might be used for an individual physical fire such as one in a fireplace.

ambenn

uphill

(adj.) ambenn (sloping upward), pl. embinn,

an

for

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

beleg

mighty

1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

cû

crescent

cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, bow), pl. cui (i chui);

dam

hammer

(noun) 1) dam (i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath, 2) dring (i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).

damma

hammer

(verb) damma- (i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)

draug

wolf

1) draug (i dhraug), pl. droeg (in droeg), coll. pl. drogath; 2) garaf (i ngaraf = i ñaraf, o n**garaf = o ñgaraf), pl. geraif (in geraif = i ñgeraif), coll. pl. garavath**, 3)

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

galad

sunlight

1) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 2) glawar (i **lawar) (gold; radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10)

genediad

reckoning

1) genediad (i **enediad) (count), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl. Used = ”calendar” in the Kings Letter. 2) gonoded (i **onoded), pl. genedid (i ngededid** = i ñededid). Archaic pl. gönödid. Also #nediad (pl. nediaid), isolated from arnediad** (see below).

gorn

valour

1) #gorn (i **orn), pl. gyrn (i ngyrn = i ñyrn). Isolated from the name Aragorn, ”Kingly Valour” (PM:xii). Note: a homophone is the adjective ”hasty, vigorous, impetuous”. 2) caun (i gaun, o chaun), pl. coen (i choen) if there is a pl. Note: a homophone of caun** means "clamour, outcry, cry, shout".

grôd

cave

1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

gwâth

shade

(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).

ha

it

ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)

hoth

host

(noun) 1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth). 2) rim (great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”. 3) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). WOLF-HOST, see under WEREWOLF (concerning gaurhoth**).

hîl

heir

1) #hîl (i chîl), same forms in pl., also with article (i chîl), coll. pl. híliath. Isolated from the name Eluchíl, heir of Elu (WJ:350). 2) rêd (construct red), pl.rîd (idh rîd). The word is presented as a borrowing from Beorian, so it may not be the normal Sindarin word for ”heir”.

hîr

lord

1) hîr (i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (master), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîr), coll. pl. híriath (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9); 2) heron (i cheron, o cheron) (master), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath (VT45:22)._ _Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord” may be preferred. 3) brannon (i vrannon), pl. brennyn (i mrennyn), coll. pl. brannonnath; 4) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, victor), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.

iôn

son

iôn (-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #ionath_ isolated from Hurinionath (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373, WJ.337, PM:202-203, 218) _Also iond, pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath. DARK SON, see DARK ELF

maenas

craft

maenas (i vaenas) (handicraft, art), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath. Also curu (i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, skill), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24);

mîr

treasure

mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, jewel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.

mîr

jewel

mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath. GREAT JEWEL (Silmaril) Mirion (i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)

na

with

(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

na

at

na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

naur

fire

1) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (flame, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath; 2) ûr (heat), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

o

about

o (concerning), becoming o h- before a vowel, e.g. o hEdhil ”about/concerning Elves”. Read perhaps oh Edhil in Sindarin orthography.

pelia

spread

pelia- (i belia, i pheliar)

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

rain

free

rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)

rhovannor

wilderness

1) rhovannor (?i throvannor or ?i rovannor the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhovennyr (?idh rovennyr) (VT46:10); 2) Eriador (a region in Middle-earth), pl. eriadyr if there is a pl.; 3) gwaith (i **waith) (also meaning manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region), no distinct pl. form except when marked as pl. by article (in gwaith). 4) loss (construct los; pl. lyss). (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth**] and ”fallen snow”.)

rhûd

dwelling underground

*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365).

riel

princess

#riel (garlanded maiden), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl), coll. pl. riellath. Isolated from the name Galadriel.

rochir

knight

rochir (rider, horse-lord), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. rochirrim (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)

roval

wing

1) roval (pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel. 2) rafn (horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

rî

crown

rî (construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)

serni

shingle

serni (i herni, o serni) (pebble-bank), no distinct pl. form except with article (i serni)

sâd

place

sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

thavron

builder

thavron (wright, carpenter), pl. thevryn, coll. pl. thavronnath.

Gondor

Gondor

In earlier times, it was called the South Kingdom, or Hyaralondie, Hyallondie and Turmen Hyallondiéva in Quenya, and Arthor na Challonnas in Sindarin from the Númenórean point of view: the elements londie and lonnas mean "harbour, landing". The name Gondor was likely adopted from the lesser people's terminology and translates from Sindarin as "Stone-land", from the words gond, "stone", and (n)dor, "land". The (generally not used) Quenya form of the name was Ondonóre. Gondor received its name because of the abundance of stone in the Ered Nimrais, and the usage of it in great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath. In Rohan, it was known as Stoningland (a modernization of Old English Stāning-(land)), and Ghân-buri-Ghân of the Drúedain also recognized their use of stone.

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

achas

dread

(fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.

adleitha

free

(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

an

for

(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).

balrog

fire-demon

(i valrog), pl. balroeg (i malroeg). Coll. pl. balrogath is attested. Archaic form ✱balraug. (MR:79, WJ:415). The etymological meaning is rather ”power-demon”.

caew

resting place

(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

curunír

man of craft

(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath

cúron

crescent moon

(i gúron, o chúron), pl. cúroen (i churoen). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” cúran; compare the Sindarin month-names in -ron.

cû

crescent

(i gû, o chû) (arch, bow), pl. cui (i chui);

dae

shade

(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)

daedhelos

great dread

(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.

damma

hammer

(i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)

delos

dread

(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

dring

hammer

(i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

eriador

wilderness

(a region in Middle-earth), pl. eriadyr if there is a pl.

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

fela

cave

(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

fuin

nightshade

(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.

gae

dread

(i ’ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae)

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

genediad

reckoning

(i ’enediad) (count), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl. Used = ”calendar” in the King’s Letter.

golovir

noldo-jewel

(i Ngolovir = i Ñolovir, o N’golovir = o Ñgolovir), no distinct pl. form except with article (in Golovir = i Ñgolovir). Adj.

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

gondrath

street of stone

(i ’ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340)

gondren

made of stone, stony

(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270).

gonhir

master of stone

(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

gonoded

reckoning

(i ’onoded), pl. genedid (i ngededid = i ñededid). Archaic pl. ✱gönödid. Also #nediad (pl. nediaid), isolated from arnediad (see below).

gorn

valour

(i ’orn), pl. gyrn (i ngyrn = i ñyrn). Isolated from the name Aragorn, ”Kingly Valour” (PM:xii). Note: a homophone is the adjective ”hasty, vigorous, impetuous”.

goroth

dread

(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱göryth.

groth

cave

(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)

gwaith

region

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwaith

host

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). –

gwaith

wilderness

(i ’waith) (also meaning manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region), no distinct pl. form except when marked as pl. by article (in gwaith).

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

gôn

stone

(i ’ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #gonath as in Argonath.

gôr

dread

(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations.

gûr

noun. wolf

A neologism for “wolf” coined by Elaran posted on 2025-03-07 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), derived from primitive ✶ñgūr in notes from the early 1950s (PE21/82). This derivation is perfectly viable, but I personally think we already have enough “wolf” words from Tolkien, and would stick with existing words like draug.

ha

it

han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*

hîl

heir

(i chîl), same forms in pl., also with article (i chîl), coll. pl. híliath. Isolated from the name Eluchíl, heir of Elu (WJ:350).

hîr

lord

(i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (master), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîr), coll. pl. híriath (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)

lae

great number

(no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), also rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh** rim), coll. pl. rimmath**. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

leitha

set free

(i leitha, i leithar)

maenas

craft

(i vaenas) (handicraft, art), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath. Also curu (i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, skill), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24);

manwe

manwë

in Sindarin as well (na Vanwe), or he may be referred to as Aran Einior ”the Elder King”.

mirion

great jewel

(i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)

míriel

jewel-like

(lenited víriel, pl. míril) (sparkling like a jewel)

mîr

treasure

(i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, jewel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.

mîr

jewel

(i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.

na

with

(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

na

at

(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

naur

fire

(in compounds nar-, -nor) (flame, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath

o

about

(concerning), becoming o h- before a vowel, e.g. o hEdhil ”about/concerning Elves”. Read perhaps oh Edhil in Sindarin orthography.

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

ost

fort, fortress

(city, stronghold), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (q.v.), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288).

othronn

fortress in a cave/caves

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).

pathu

level place

(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in

pelia

spread

(i belia, i pheliar)

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

riel

princess

(garlanded maiden), pl. ?rîl (idh rîl), coll. pl. riellath. Isolated from the name Galadriel.

rim

host

(great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

rochir

knight

(rider, horse-lord), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. *rochirrim** (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)*

roth

cave

(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)

roval

wing

(pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

roval

great wing

(pinion, wing), pl. rovail (idh rovail); this is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

rêd

heir

(construct red), pl.rîd (idh rîd). The word is presented as a borrowing from Beorian, so it may not be the normal Sindarin word for ”heir”.

rî

crown

(construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)

rîdh

sown field

(acre);  no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)

sant

privately owned place

(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

sant

field

(i hant, o sant) (garden, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20) 

serni

shingle

(i herni, o serni) (pebble-bank), no distinct pl. form except with article (i serni)

sâd

place

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)  

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

mighty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

thavron

builder

(wright, carpenter), pl. thevryn, coll. pl. thavronnath.

edhel

noun. Elf

-as

suffix. abstract noun

-th

suffix. abstract noun

@@@ mostly seems to use base vowel between suffix and root

eledh

noun. Elf

or-

prefix. -day

penedh

noun. Elf

raug

noun. demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

amorvad

noun. breakfast

bíleb

adjective. equal

pess

noun. feather

-ruin

suffix. fire

suff. #fire. Q. ruine. >> Angruin

a

and

conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.

bain

beautiful

_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.

bain

good

_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.

balch

adjective. fierce

_ adj. _fierce, ferocious. In S. gwal < bal which coalesced in form with BAL 'have power'.

belaith

adjective. mighty

adj. mighty. Q. melehta.

dail

adjective. lovely

_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> deil

deil

lovely

_ adj. _lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. >> dail

di

preposition. with

_ prep. _with. Q. lé.

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

esta-

verb. to name

feleg

noun. cave

n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.

gorn

noun. valor

lim

adjective. swift

adj. swift. Noro lim, noro lim Asfaloth. 'Run swift, run swift Asfaloth'. Q. limbe,#linta.

maer

good

_ adj. _good.

malh

golden

adj. #golden. This word is not explicitly presented as S. >> mall, mallorn

mall

golden

adj. #golden. This word is not explicitly presented as S. >> malh, mallorn

mîr

noun. jewel

_ n. _jewel, precious thing. Q. míre, pl1. míri. >> advir

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

na

preposition. at

prep. at (a point of time or place). Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

pen-noediad

adjective. innumerable

adj. innumerable.

raug

demon

n. demon. Q. rauca. >> Balrog

roth

noun. cave

n. cave. Q. rondo.

rov-

wing

pref. wing. >> Landroval, raw, roval

roval

wing

n. wing. >> Landroval, raw, rov-

ten

pronoun. (?) it (as object)

Ídh

and

{ð}_ conj. _and. It was not mutated before vowels. >> a

Ídh

and

{ð} conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.

únodui

adjective. countless

adj. countless. >> ú-, -ui

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

an

for

(adverbial prefix) an-

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

an-

very

(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:

athrabeth

debate

(noun) athrabeth (pl. ethrebith)

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bain

beautiful

bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

bess

woman

bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.

braig

fierce

braig (wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)

calan

daytime

calan (i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain) (or, white as snow) gloss (in compounds -los), lenited loss; pl. glyss

celeg

swift

1) celeg (agile), lenited geleg, pl. celig, 2) lagor, analogical pl. legyr, 3) legrin (rapid), no distinct pl. form, 4) lint (no distinct pl. form)

dae

very

dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath. See WILD MAN.

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath.

e

out

e, ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition: (WJ:367)

eirien

daisy

eirien (pl. eirin) (SD:128:31)

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

gail

bright

gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).

hall

exalted

hall (high); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

hên

child

hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)

hû

dog

hû (i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

iell

daughter

1) iell (-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath**. **DAUGTHER OF TWILIGHT, see NIGHTINGALE

lín

thy

lín

maer

good

_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

maer

useful

maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, good [of things])

malthen

golden

1) (of gold) malthen (melthin- in compounds; lenited valthen; pl. melthin), 2) (shining with golden light) glóren (glórin-), lenited lóren; pl. glórin, 3) mallen (lenited vallen; pl. mellin).

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

minuial

dawn

minuial (i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)

raug

demon

raug (-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.

tol

come

tol- (i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254). MAKE COME, see FETCH

tond

tall

1) tond (lenited dond; pl. tynd), 2) †orn (pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

Gondor

noun. stone land

gond (“great stone, rock”) + (-n)dor (“land, dwelling”)

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

a

conjunction. and

See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel

adaneth

noun. (mortal) woman

adh

conjunction. and

ah

conjunction. and

athan

preposition. beyond

athra-

prefix. across

athrabeth

noun. debate, converse

bain

adjective. beautiful, fair

bess

noun. (young) woman

bess

noun. wife

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

celeg

adjective. swift, agile, hasty

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

cúron

noun. the crescent Moon

cû

noun. bow

di

preposition. with

draug

noun. wolf

dring

noun. hammer

edhel

noun. Elf

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eirien

noun. daisy (flower)

elen

noun. Elf

elleth

noun. elf-maid

ellon

noun. elf

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

eneth

noun. name

fael

adjective. fair minded, just, generous

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

gaurwaith

noun. wolf-men

genediad

gerund noun. reckoning

genediad

noun. reckoning

A noun for “reckoning” from the King’s Letter, as in genediad Drannail “Shire-reckoning” (SD/129).

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gond

noun. great stone, rock

gondren

adjective. (made) of stone

graug

noun. demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature

groth

noun. delving, underground dwelling

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, dim light

gwath

noun. stain

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

hand

noun. [unglossed]

hên

noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)

hîl

noun. heir

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

ionnath

noun. all the sons

iôn

noun. son

iôn

masculine name. Son

A name that Eöl used for his son Maeglin while he was growing, which is simply ion(n) “son” used as a name (WJ/337).

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

lain

adjective. free, freed

lin

adjective. thy (reverential)

lum

noun. shade

lín

adjective. thy (reverential)

madu

?. [unglossed]

maud

?. [unglossed]