ilya

all

ilya adj. and noun "all" (LR:47, 56; SD:310), "all, the whole" (IL); "each, every, all of a particular group of things" (VT39:20); ilyë before a plural noun, "all" being inflected like an adjective (Nam, RGEO:67): ilyë tier "all paths" (Namárië, VT39:20), ilyë mahalmar "all thrones" (CO), ilya raxellor "from all dangers" (VT44:9; we might expect *ilyë raxellor here), ilyárëa (older ilyázëa) "daily, of every day" (evidently ilya "every" + árë, ázë "day" + -a adjectival ending) (VT43:18). Tolkien apparently abandoned ilyárëa in favour of ilaurëa, q.v.

ilya

adjective. every, each, all (of a particular group of things), every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole

Derivations

• √IL “all”

Element in

• Q. A anamelda na ar ilyan “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. A anamelda na ep’ ilya “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. A arimelda na ilyaron “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. ar i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa tennoio “and of the One who is above all thrones for ever” ✧ UT/305
• Q. ar ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë “and all paths are drowned deep in shadow” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. ar lumbulë undulávë ilyë tier “and (heavy) shadow swallowed (lit. down-licked) all roads” ✧ RGEO/59
• Q. ilyarëa “*daily”
• Q. ono alyë eterúna me illumë ilya raxellor “but deliver us always from all dangers” ✧ VT44/09

ilyë

adjective. all

illi

all

illi noun "all" (as independent noun, apparently treated as a plural form). Imb' illi "among all" (VT47:30)

illi

noun. all

Element in

• Q. A ancalima imb’ illi “A is brightest of all” ✧ PE17/091

Ae

day

Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)

ar

day

ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ré), q.v.

ala

day

[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]

ré

day

ré noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).

árë

day

árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)

máca

each, every

máca pron. "each, every" (GL:41); rather ilya in Tolkien's later Quenya

orithil

noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

pân

adjective. all, all, *complete, entire, full, the whole

@@@ extended meaning suggested on Discord 2022-03-11

Cognates

• ᴺQ. qua(na) “all, complete, entire, full, the whole”

Derivations

• √KWA “complete, full, whole, all, every, complete, full, whole, all, every; [ᴹ√] something”

Element in

• S. ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

pân

adjective. all, in totality

As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în.1 , hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

ormenel

noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

penninor

noun. last day of the year

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

pân

all

(adj.) *pân, pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.

pân

all

pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.

calan

daytime

(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

katha

adjective. all

A word translated “all” in the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/288, VT24/12). This word appeared in the form kâtha in the final typescript version of the Lament (SD/247), but in all other instances appeared as katha. If the final typescript is later than the final manuscript, kâtha may be its final form, but I believe that the manuscript was later, and katha better matches its appearance as an element in kathuphazgân “conqueror” (SD/429). This last example is interesting in that it is an example of an adjective declined into the objective case.

Element in

• Ad. îdô katha batîna lôkhî “now all ways (are) bent” ✧ SD/247
• Ad. īdō kathī batānī rōkhī-nam “lo! now all ways bent-are” ✧ SD/312
• Ad. kathuphazgân “conqueror” ✧ SD/429

il

root. all

A root meaning “all” in Tolkien’s writings from the 1930s through 1960s (VT48/25) with derivatives in both Quenya and Sindarin, the most notable being Q. Ilúvatar “All-father” (MR/39). Its earliest precursor is the root ᴱ√ILU “ether, the slender airs among the stars” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, whose derivatives include various sky-words as well as ᴱQ. Ilúvatar, since in this early period the name meant “Heavenly Father” (QL/42). The meaning of the root shifted to ᴹ√IL “all” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/IL), and it retained this sense thereafter.

Derivatives

• ✶ilū “all, everything, the whole”
  • Q. ilu “everything, all, the whole, everything, all, the whole; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; [ᴱQ.] ether” ✧ VT39/20
  • ᴺS. ilu “universe, the whole, cosmos”
• Q. il- “every, *all”
• Q. ilya “every, each, all (of a particular group of things), every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole”
• S. il “*all”

Element in

• Q. Ilion
• Q. Ilwen
• ᴺS. illad “everything”

penninar

noun. last day of the year

ar-

prefix. day

Cognates

• ᴹQ. are “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ari “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Element in

• N. Ar Fennuir “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week”
• N. Ar Neleduir “Day of the three kings, fifth day of the Valian week”
• N. Ar Nethwelein “Day of the younger Gods, fifth day of the Valian week”
• N. Ar Uiar “Day of Ulmo, second day of the Valian week”
• N. Ar Vanwe “Day of Manwe, first day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/AR¹
• N. Ar Vedhwen “Day of the Spouses, third day of the Valian week”
• N. Ar Velegol “Day of Aule, alternate name of the third day of the Valian week”
• N. Ar Ifan “*Day of Yavanna”
• N. edinar “anniversary day”
• N. Aroeren “Sea-day”
• N. Aranor “*Sun-day”
• N. Arvelain “*Day of the Valar”
• N. Argalad “Tree Day”
• N. Argaladath “*Day of the Trees”
• N. Argilion “*Star-day”
• N. Arithil “*Moon-day”
• N. Arvenel “*Heavens-day”
• N. penninar “full year (last day of year)”
• N. Ardórin “?Day of Kings”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ari- > ar-	[ari] > [are] > [ar]	✧ Ety/AR¹

Variations

• ar- ✧ Ety/AR¹

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning