Quenya 

ëar

sea

ëar noun "sea" (AYAR/AIR [gives also dat. sg. ëaren],WJ:413; see Letters:386 for etymology). Not to be confused with the pl. form of the verb ëa "be, exist". Pl. ëari "seas" (FS, LR:47); Eär "the Great Sea" (cf. ëaron "ocean"), ablative Eärello "from the Great Sea", et Eärello "out of the Great Sea" (EO). Eärë noun "the open sea" (SD:305). Compound ëaruilë noun "seaweed" (UY). Found in proper names like Eärendil "Sea-friend", Eärendur masc. name, *"Sea-servant"; in effect a variant of Eärendil(Appendix A). Eärendur was also used ="(professional) mariner" (Letters:386).Fem. name Eärwen "Sea-maiden" (Silm); Eärrámë "Sea-wing", "Wings of the Sea", name of Tuor's ship (RAM, AYAR/AIR, SA)

aira

holy

aira (2) adj. "holy"; see airë #1

aira

red, copper-coloured, ruddy

aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)

airë

holy

airë (1) adj. "holy", #Airefëa "the Holy Spirit" (VT43:37, dative airefëan on the previous page), airetári or Airë Tári "holy queen" (a title of Varda, PM:363), genitive aire-tário "holy-queen's" (Nam, RGEO:67). However, according to PM:363, airë is the noun "sanctity", while aira is the adjective "holy". VT43:14 refers to an etymological note of "Sept.-Oct. 1957" where airë is said to be a noun "sanctity, holiness", and the adjective "holy" is given as airëa. However, the verb #airita- "hallow" seems to be formed from an adjective airë, airi- "holy". Evidently airë can function as both adjective ("holy") and noun ("holiness"); if so airë as adj. could represent a primitive adjective gaisi, whereas airë as noun may descend from gaisē. The former but not the latter would have the stem airi- (as observed in the derived verb #airita-), and compounds like airetári (rather than *airitári) would seem to contain properly the noun "holiness".

airë

sea

airë (2) noun "sea" (the form airen is given, intended as a genitive singular when Tolkien wrote this; in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be a dative sg.) (AYAR/AIR; cf. airon)

airë

noun. sea

An archaic word for “sea” which fell out of use to due conflict with “holy” words like aira or airë; it was a noun form of primitive ✶gaı̯ră (PE17/27). The more common modern word for “sea” is ëar.

Conceptual Development: ᴹQ. aire “sea” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√AYAR (Ety/AY); it appeared beside a form ᴹQ. airen that might be a genitive form, or might be a longer form; see the entry on ᴹQ. airon for discussion.

Cognates

  • S. gaear “sea” ✧ PE17/027

Derivations

  • gayār “sea, the terrifier” ✧ PE17/027
    • GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400

Element in

  • Q. airon “ocean” ✧ PE17/027

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
gaı̯ră > aire[gaira] > [ɣaira] > [aira]✧ PE17/027

Variations

  • aire ✧ PE17/027 (aire)

Naira

dreadful, horrible, unendurable

naira (3) adj. "dreadful, horrible, unendurable" (PE17:151)

airen

noun. sea

Quenya [PE 22:23n] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

airon

ocean

airon noun "ocean" (PE17:27). Also ëaron, q.v.

airon

noun. ocean

An (archaic) word for “ocean”, an augmentative form of airë mentioned in a couple of later notes (PE17/27, 149). A more modern form is ëaron.

Conceptual Development: The form ᴹQ. airen appeared in parenthesis beside ᴹQ. aire “sea” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/AY). Helge Fauskanger suggested that it might be a genitive form (QQ/airë), but in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s, aire “sea” >> airen (PE22/23 note #70), suggesting it is an alternate (augmentative?) form. If so, it is probably a precursor to airon.

Cognates

  • S. gaearon “ocean, (lit.) great sea” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149

Derivations

  • airō “ocean” ✧ PE17/149
    • GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PE17/149
    • AY(AR) “sea” ✧ PE18/097

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
airō > airon[airon]✧ PE17/149
Quenya [PE17/027; PE17/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

airëa

holy

airëa adj. "holy"; see airë.

carnë

red

carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.

narwa

ruddy, red of hair

*narwa adj. "ruddy, red of hair" (PE17:154), also "fiery red" in general _(NAR1; only the archaic form narwā is given in the Etymologies)_

nasar

red

nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

ëaron

ocean

ëaron noun "ocean" (PE17:27), also airon. Cf. ëar.

carne (carni-)

adjective. red

Quenya [PE 22:152] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

váya

sea

váya noun "sea" (considered as "waters, motion"). The wording of the source indicates that Tolkien only tentatively considered such a word (PE17:33)

vëa

sea

vëa (3) noun "sea" (MC:213, 214, 216; possibly obsoleted by #1 and #2 above, though some argue that the initial element of the late names Vëantur and Vëandur [q.v.] could be vëa #3 rather than #2 (it can hardly be #1) . In any case, the normal word for "sea" in LotR-style Quenya seems to be ëar.) Inflected vëan "sea" (MC:220), vëar "in sea" (a "Qenya" locative in -r, MC:213), vëassë "on sea" (MC:220). Cf. also vëaciryo.

aina

holy

aina (2) adj "holy" (AYAN), derived from Ainu. Adopted and adapted from Valarin. According to VT43:32, the word is "obsolete, except in Ainur", apparently suggesting that airë or airëa (q.v.) was the normal term for "holy" in later Quenya. However, Tolkien repeatedly used aina in his translation of the Litany of Loreto: Aina Fairë "Holy Spirit", Aina Neldië "Holy Trinity", Aina Maria "Holy Mary", Aina Wendë "Holy Virgin". He also used Aina Eruontari for "holy Mother" in his rendering of the Sub Tuum Praesidium(WJ:399, FS, SA, VT43:32, VT44:5, 12, 17-18)

waya

noun. ocean

aista

holy

aista (1) adj. "holy" (VT43:37)

roina

ruddy

roina adj. "ruddy" (ROY2)

Sindarin 

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Sindarin [Ety/358, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaer

noun. sea

Sindarin [Ety/349, S/431, PM/363] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaer

Sea

_n._Sea, especially the Great (Western) Sea. Shorter form of gaear.Q. aire (obsolete). >> aear, gaear

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:27] < _gaı_9_ră _< GAY(AR). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gaer

noun. sea

gaer

ocean

_ n. _ocean.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:149] < GAYA Sea. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gaer

adjective. awful, fearful, awful, fearful, [N.] dreadful

Derivations

  • gairā “awful, fearful” ✧ WJ/400
    • GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ WJ/400

Element in

  • S. Gaerys “Ossë” ✧ WJ/400

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
gairā > gaer[gairā] > [gaira] > [gair] > [gaer]✧ WJ/400

Variations

  • gaer ✧ WJ/400 (gaer)

gaear

noun. sea

Sindarin [Ety/349, PM/363, RGEO/73] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaear

Sea

_n. _Sea, especially the Great (Western) Sea. Shorter form gaer. Q. ear. >> aear, gaer

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:27] < GAY(AR). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gaear

noun. sea

A word for “sea” variously attested as gaear (PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400), gaer (PE17/27; PE17/149), and aear (Let/386; RGEO/65) in later writings. Of these, I prefer gaear for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, reduced to gaer in compounds.

Possible Etymology: The presence or absence of the initial g- depends on whether the word’s root is √AY(AR) (as it appears in The Etymologies and some later writings) or √GAY(AR) (as it appears in other later writings). See the entry of the root √GAY(AR) for a discussion of this vacillation. Similarly, the form gaer appears primarily as an element in compounds, and can be explained as a reduced form of gaear in that context. For these reasons, this entry uses gaear as the ordinary Sindarin word for “sea”. This has the additional advantage of disambiguating it from the adjective gaer “dreadful”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. oer or oear “sea” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, reflecting the Noldorin sound change of ai to oe (Ety/AY). However name for the “Great Sea” was N. {Belegar >>} Belegaer in the narratives of this period (LR/19), and the name N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” appeared in draft Lord of the Rings maps from 1943 (TI/307). The element N. oer did appear in the day-of-the-week name N. Aroeren “✱Sea-day” in drafts of The Lord of the Rings appendices, but this was revised to S. Oraeron (PM/130, 138).

Cognates

  • Q. airë “sea” ✧ PE17/027
  • Q. ëar “sea, great sea, sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; water” ✧ Let/386; PE17/027; PM/363; RGEO/65; SA/ëar; WJ/400

Derivations

  • AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Let/386
  • GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149; SA/gaer
  • gayār “sea, the terrifier” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400
    • GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400

Element in

  • S. Aerandir “Sea-wanderer”
  • S. Belegaer “Great Sea” ✧ PM/363; SA/ëar; SA/gaer
  • S. gaearon “ocean, (lit.) great sea” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149; PM/363; RGEO/65
  • S. Gaerdil “*Sea-lover” ✧ PE17/027
  • ᴺS. gaeruil “seaweed”
  • S. Gaerys “Ossë” ✧ SA/gaer
  • ᴺS. gaessarn “pearl, (lit.) sea-pebble”
  • S. nef aear, sí nef aearon “here ... beyond the Sea, beyond the wide and sundering Sea” ✧ LotR/0238; PE17/027; RGEO/63; RGEO/64
  • S. Tirith Aear “Sea-ward Tower”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
gaı̯ră > gaer[gaira] > [gair] > [gaer]✧ PE17/027
Gayar- > gaear[gaiara] > [gaiar] > [gaear]✧ PM/363

Variations

  • aear ✧ Let/386; RGEO/65
  • gaer ✧ PE17/027; PE17/149; SA/ëar; SA/gaer
Sindarin [Let/386; LotR/0238; PE17/027; PE17/149; PM/363; RGEO/63; RGEO/64; RGEO/65; SA/ëar; SA/gaer; WJ/400] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aer

adjective. holy

Sindarin [VT/44:21,24] Group: SINDICT. Published by

aer

noun. sea

Tolkien changed this word several times, see aear , gaear

Sindarin Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaeron

noun. great sea, ocean

Sindarin [PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaeron

noun. ocean

_ n. _ocean.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:149] < GAYA Sea. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

aear

noun. sea

Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear

Sindarin Group: SINDICT. Published by

aear

Sea

_n. _Sea, especially the Great (Western) Sea. Q. ear. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. 'beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great Sea'. >> gaear, gaer

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:27] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

aear

noun. sea

daer

adjective. dreadful

_ adj. _dreadful, horrible, ghastly.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:151] < DAY, NDAY dreadful, abominable, detestable. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

naer

adjective. dreadful

_ adj. _dreadful, horrible, unendurable. Q. naira.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:151] < NAY cause bitter pain or grief. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gaearon

noun. great sea, ocean

Sindarin [PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaearon

ocean

_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _gaear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. >> gaear

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:27] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

belegaer

noun. ocean

_ n. _ocean.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:149] < ? + GAYA Sea. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

belegaer

place name. Great Sea

Name of the “Great Sea” lying between Middle-earth and Valinor (S/37). This name is a compound of beleg “mighty” and gae(a)r “sea” (SA/beleg, gaer; PM/363).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared as N. Belegar (LR/14), soon revised to Belegaer (LR/19). In The Etymologies, it appeared as Belegoer (Ety/ÁLAT, AY, BEL), a reflection of Tolkien’s uncertainty on whether the diphthong [[n|[ai] became [oe] or [ae]]]. In the later Silmarillion revisions from the 1930s, he used Belegaer consistently following the [[n|revision of [oe] to [ae]]].

Elements

WordGloss
beleg“great, mighty; large, big, great, mighty; large, big, [ᴱN.] huge”
gaear“sea”

Variations

  • belegaer ✧ PE17/149
Sindarin [PE17/149; PM/363; PMI/Belegaer; S/037; S/238; SA/beleg; SA/ëar; SA/gaer; SI/Belegaer; SMI/Belegar; UTI/Belegaer] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aearon

noun. great sea, ocean

Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon

Sindarin Group: SINDICT. Published by

aearon

ocean

_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _aear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. 'beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great Sea'. >> aear

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:27] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

caran

adjective. red

Sindarin [Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:36] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

caran

adjective. red

Cognates

  • Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran

Derivations

  • karani “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
carani- > caran[karani] > [karane] > [karan]✧ VT41/10
Sindarin [PE17/036; SA/caran; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

goeol

adjective. dreadful, terrifying

Sindarin [PM/363] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

Sindarin [PM/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaer

holy

gaer (awful, fearful); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

gaer

holy

(awful, fearful); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gaer

copper-coloured

1) gaer (red, reddish, ruddy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea". 2) ross (russet, red-haired, reddish), pl. ryss. _(PM:366, VT41:9) _Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

gaer

copper-coloured

(red, reddish, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gaer

ruddy

(copper-coloured, red, reddish); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gaer

dreadful

1) gaer (awful, fearful; holy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea". 2) naer (lamentable, woeful, sad); no distinct pl. form.

gaer

dreadful

(awful, fearful; holy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

gaer

awful

1) gaer (dreadful, fearful; holy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea". 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

gaer

awful

(dreadful, fearful; holy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

gaer

fearful

gaer (dreadful, awful; holy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

gaer

fearful

(dreadful, awful; holy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

gaer

red, reddish

gaer (copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gaear

ocean

gaear (i **aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair** = i ñaeair).

gaear

ocean

(i ’aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair).

aear

sea

aear (ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i **aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i **aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".

aear

sea

(ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i ’aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i ’aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".

aear

ocean

aear (sea), pl. aeair.

aear

ocean

(sea), pl. aeair.

naer

dreadful

(lamentable, woeful, sad); no distinct pl. form.

gaearon

great ocean

(i ‘Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i Ngaearyn = i Ñaearyn) if there is a pl.

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

gruin

ruddy

(lenited ’ruin, no distinct pl. form)

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

iaun

holy place

(fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

ross

copper-coloured

(russet, red-haired, reddish), pl. ryss. (PM:366, VT41:9) Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

crann

ruddy

(of face) crann (lenited grann, pl. crain).

crann

ruddy

1) (of face) crann (lenited grann, pl. crain), 2) gruin (lenited ruin, no distinct pl. form), 3) gaer (copper-coloured, red, reddish); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

t

awful

aur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

Telerin 

gaiar

noun. Great Sea

Cognates

  • Q. ëar “sea, great sea, sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; water” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • gayār “sea, the terrifier” ✧ PM/363
    • GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400

Quendya 

nasar

adjective. red

Adûnaic

azra

noun. sea

The Adûnaic word for “sea” (SD/429), appearing as azar in some early texts (SD/305). It is fully declined on SD/431.

Element in

Variations

  • azar ✧ PM/373; SD/305
Adûnaic [PM/373; SD/247; SD/305; SD/311; SD/429; SD/431; SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pharaz

noun. sea

A draft word for “sea”, deleted and replaced with azar (SD/305), which later become azra. This word reappeared later with a different meaning: pharaz “gold”.

Changes

  • pharazazar “sea” ✧ SD/305

Element in

  • Ad. PharazîrSea-lover” ✧ SD/305 (Pharazîr*)

Variations

  • pharaz ✧ SD/305 (pharaz)

Primitive elvish

gairā

adjective. awful, fearful

Derivations

  • GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ WJ/400

Derivatives

  • S. gaer “awful, fearful, awful, fearful, [N.] dreadful” ✧ WJ/400
Primitive elvish [WJ/400] Group: Eldamo. Published by

airō

noun. ocean

Changes

  • airēairō ✧ PE17/149

Derivations

  • GAY(AR) “awe, dread; astound, make aghast; sea” ✧ PE17/149
  • AY(AR) “sea” ✧ PE18/097

Derivatives

  • Q. airon “ocean” ✧ PE17/149

Variations

  • airē ✧ PE17/149 (airē)
  • air- ✧ PE18/097
Primitive elvish [PE17/149; PE18/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ay(ar)

root. sea

Changes

  • AY(AR)GAY(AR) ✧ PE17/027

Derivatives

  • airō “ocean” ✧ PE18/097
    • Q. airon “ocean” ✧ PE17/149
  • Q. ëar “sea, great sea, sea, great sea, [ᴹQ.] open sea; water” ✧ Let/386
  • S. gaear “sea” ✧ Let/386

Element in

  • Q. ailin “a large lake, (large) lake, [ᴹQ.] pool” ✧ PE17/160
  • Q. Eärendil “Lover of the Sea” ✧ Let/386
  • S. ael “lake, pool”

Variations

  • AYAR ✧ Let/386; PE18/097
  • AYA(R) ✧ PE17/149; PE17/160
Primitive elvish [Let/386; PE17/027; PE17/149; PE17/160; PE18/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

karani

adjective. red

Derivatives

  • Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE22/152
  • S. caran “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

Variations

  • karanĭ ✧ PE21/81
  • karnĭ ✧ PE21/81
  • carani- ✧ VT41/10
Primitive elvish [PE21/81; PE22/152; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

gaer

adjective. dreadful

Noldorin [Ety/358] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaer

adjective. dreadful

Derivations

  • On. gērrha “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
    • ᴹ✶gaisrā “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
    • ᴹ√GAYAS “fear” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. gērrha > gaer[gę̄rra] > [gę̄rr] > [gaerr] > [gaer]✧ Ety/GÁYAS
Noldorin [Ety/GÁYAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aer

noun. sea

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Noldorin [Ety/358, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. aira “red, copper-coloured, ruddy” ✧ Ety/GAY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAY “*red, copper-coloured, ruddy” ✧ Ety/GAY; EtyAC/GAIRĀ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GAY > gaer > goer[gajra] > [gaira] > [gair] > [goer]✧ Ety/GAY
ᴹ√GAIRĀ > gaer[gairā] > [gaira] > [gair] > [gaer]✧ EtyAC/GAIRĀ

Variations

  • gaer ✧ EtyAC/GAIRĀ (gaer)
Noldorin [Ety/GAY; EtyAC/GAIRĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oer

noun. sea

Noldorin [Ety/349, S/431, PM/363] Group: SINDICT. Published by

oer

noun. sea

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. aire “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
  • ᴹQ. ear “(open) sea; water” ✧ Ety/AY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY; Ety/AY; Ety/UY

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÁYAR > oear[ajar] > [aiar] > [oear]✧ Ety/AY
ᴹ√AI̯R > oer[ajr] > [air] > [oer]✧ Ety/AY

Variations

  • oear ✧ Ety/AY
  • aer ✧ TI/307 (aer)
Noldorin [Ety/AY; Ety/UY; TI/307] Group: Eldamo. Published by

belegoer

place name. Great Sea

Changes

  • BelegarBelegaer ✧ LR/019
  • BelegarBelegaer “Great Sea” ✧ SMI/Belegar

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Alataire “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/ÁLAT; Ety/AY

Elements

WordGloss
beleg“great, large”
oer“sea”

Variations

  • Belegar ✧ LR/014; LR/019; LRI/Belegar; SMI/Belegar
  • Belegaer ✧ LR/019; LRI/Belegar
Noldorin [Ety/ÁLAT; Ety/AY; Ety/BEL; LR/014; LR/019; LRI/Belegar; SMI/Belegar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

naru

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/374, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

naru

adjective. red, [fiery] red

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶narwā “fiery red” ✧ Ety/NAR¹
    • ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶narwā > narw > naru[narwā] > [narwa] > [narw] > [naru]✧ Ety/NAR¹
Noldorin [Ety/NAR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

narw

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/374, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

oear

noun. sea

Noldorin [Ety/349, PM/363, RGEO/73] Group: SINDICT. Published by

oear

noun. sea

caran

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caran

adjective. red

Changes

  • carancaran “red, blush, red (?part) of face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶karani > caran[karani] > [karane] > [karan]✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > cern[karani] > [karni] > [kerni] > [kern]✧ EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

  • cern ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (cern)
  • Caron ✧ RS/419
  • caron ✧ RS/419
Noldorin [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN; RS/419] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caron

adjective. red

gruin

adjective. ruddy

Noldorin [Ety/384] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gruin

adjective. ruddy

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. roina “ruddy” ✧ Ety/ROY²

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROY “ruddy, red” ✧ Ety/ROY²

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GROJ > gruin[grojna] > [groina] > [gruina] > [gruin]✧ Ety/ROY²
Noldorin [Ety/ROY²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gorgor

adjective. dreadful

Derivations

  • ÑGOR “dread, terror, fear, horror”

Element in

Variations

  • Gorgor ✧ WR/122

coll

adjective. (golden) red

Noldorin [Ety/365] Group: SINDICT. Published by

crann

adjective. ruddy (of face)

Noldorin [Ety/362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

aira

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Cognates

  • N. goer “red, copper-coloured, ruddy” ✧ Ety/GAY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAY “*red, copper-coloured, ruddy” ✧ Ety/GAY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GAY > aira[gaira] > [ɣaira] > [aira]✧ Ety/GAY

aire

noun. sea

Changes

  • aireairen “sea” ✧ PE22/023

Cognates

  • N. oer “sea” ✧ Ety/AY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Alataire “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/AY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√AI̯R > aire[aira]✧ Ety/AY
Qenya [Ety/AY; PE22/023] Group: Eldamo. Published by

airen

noun. sea

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√AI̯R > airen[airen]✧ Ety/AY
Qenya [Ety/AY; PE22/023] Group: Eldamo. Published by

earen

noun. sea

karne

adjective. red

Cognates

  • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶karani > karne[karani] > [karane] > [karne]✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > karne[karani] > [karane] > [karne]✧ EtyAC/KARÁN
Qenya [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alataire

place name. Great Sea

Another name of the “Great Sea” (N. Belegoer) appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as compound of alta “great (in size)” and aire “sea” (Ety/ÁLAT, AY).

Cognates

  • N. Belegoer “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/ÁLAT; Ety/AY

Elements

WordGloss
alta“large, great in size”
aire“sea”
Qenya [Ety/ÁLAT; Ety/AY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vea

noun. sea

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶vaiā “sea” ✧ PE21/17
    • ᴹ√WAY “enfold”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶vaı̯ā > vea[vajā] > [vea]✧ PE21/17

Variations

  • vea ✧ PE21/08; PE21/17
Qenya [PE21/08; PE21/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aina

adjective. holy

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶aı̯an- “holy” ✧ Ety/AYAN
    • ᴹ√(A)YAN “*holy” ✧ Ety/AYAN

Element in

  • ᴹQ. talantie “they are holy, blessed, and beloved — save the dark one: he is fallen” ✧ LR/072

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶aı̯an- > aina[aina]✧ Ety/AYAN
Qenya [Ety/AYAN; LR/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

roina

adjective. ruddy

Cognates

  • N. gruin “ruddy” ✧ Ety/ROY²

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROY “ruddy, red” ✧ Ety/ROY²

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ROY² > roina[roina]✧ Ety/ROY²

Doriathrin

arn

adjective. red

A Doriathrin adjective meaning “red” derived from the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR), likely derived from a primitive form such as ✱✶yarna [jarna]. It is a good example of how [[ilk|initial [j] vanished]] in Ilkorin.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Element in

  • Ilk. Aros ✧ Ety/YAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YAR > arn[jarna] > [arna] > [arn] > [arn]✧ Ety/YAR
Doriathrin [Ety/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

gērrha

adjective. dreadful

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶gaisrā “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
    • ᴹ√GAYAS “fear” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Derivatives

  • N. gaer “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶gaisrā > gǣsra > gērrha[gaisrā] > [gaisra] > [gę̄sra] > [gę̄rra]✧ Ety/GÁYAS
Old Noldorin [Ety/GÁYAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

gaisrā

adjective. dreadful

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAYAS “fear” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Derivatives

  • On. gērrha “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
    • N. gaer “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GÁYAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

karan

root. red

This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “red” (Ety/KARÁN), a later iteration of ᴱ√KṚN of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s of the same meaning, but with syllabic (QL/48). Its main Quenya derivative, Q. carnë, retained the same form throughout Tolkien’s life, but its Gnomish forms G. carn(in) “scarlet” and G. crintha “rosy, pink” (GL/25, 27) became N. caran “red” in the 1930s, and retained that form thereafter.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
    • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹ✶k’rannā “ruddy (of face)” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
    • N. crann “ruddy (of face); face, blush, the cheeks, ruddy (of face); blush, the cheeks, face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹQ. karanya- “to make red, redden”

Element in

Variations

  • KARÁN ✧ Ety/KARÁN; Ety/RAS; Ety/THĒ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KARÁN; Ety/RAS; Ety/THĒ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ay(ar)

root. sea

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. aire “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
  • ᴹQ. airen “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
  • ᴹQ. ear “(open) sea; water” ✧ Ety/AY
  • N. oer “sea” ✧ Ety/AY; Ety/AY; Ety/UY

Element in

  • ᴹ✶ailin “pool, lake” ✧ Ety/AY
  • ᴹQ. ailin “pool, lake” ✧ Ety/LIN¹
  • ᴹQ. Alataire “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/ÁLAT
  • ᴹQ. Earráme “Sea-wing” ✧ Ety/RAM
  • ᴹQ. earuile “seaweed” ✧ Ety/UY
  • N. Belegoer “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/BEL

Variations

  • AY ✧ Ety/ÁLAT; Ety/AY; Ety/BEL; Ety/LIN¹; Ety/RAM; Ety/UY
  • AYAR ✧ EtyAC/AY
  • AIR ✧ EtyAC/AY
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÁLAT; Ety/AY; Ety/BEL; Ety/LIN¹; Ety/RAM; Ety/UY; EtyAC/AY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

karani

adjective. red

Changes

  • kárānikarani ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

  • kárāni ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (kárāni)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kuldā

adjective. red

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL

Derivatives

  • N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL

Variations

  • guldā ✧ Ety/GUL (guldā)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vaiā

noun. sea

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAY “enfold”

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. vea “sea” ✧ PE21/17

Element in

Variations

  • vaı̯ā ✧ PE21/17
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aı̯an-

adjective. holy

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(A)YAN “*holy” ✧ Ety/AYAN

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. aina “holy” ✧ Ety/AYAN
  • ᴹQ. Aini “holy one, angelic spirit (f.), holy one, angelic spirit (f.); [ᴱQ.] (pagan) goddess” ✧ Ety/AYAN
  • ᴹQ. Ainu “holy one, angelic spirit” ✧ Ety/AYAN

Variations

  • ayan- ✧ EtyAC/AYAN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AYAN; EtyAC/AYAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

eirin

adjective. holy

saroth

noun. sea

Early Noldorin

gwai

noun. sea

A word for “sea” in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s (PE13/146), probably a cognate of ᴱQ. vea “sea” from this same period. It is probably a later iteration of G. Bai “the Outer Seas” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate of ᴱQ. Vai as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/21; LT1A/Vai).

Cognates

  • Eq. vea “sea”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about”

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhaur

adjective. red

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pathren

adjective. fearful

Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

karne

adjective. red

Changes

  • karneakarnen ✧ PE16/065

Cognates

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KṚN > [kṛn]ı̯ǝ > karne[kṛniǝ] > [kṛni] > [kṛne] > [karne]✧ QL/048

Variations

  • karnea ✧ PE16/065 (karnea)
  • Karne ✧ PE16/077
Early Quenya [MC/214; MC/221; PE15/76; PE16/062; PE16/065; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077; PME/048; QL/048; QL/061; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laivar

noun. ocean

A word glossed “ocean” in notes associated with drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/77). This word did not appear in the final version of the poem. Its etymology is unclear, but Gilson, Welden and Hostetter suggest it might be connected to ᴱQ. laiqa “green”, a colour used to describe the ocean in some drafts of the poem (PE16/78).

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

varkima

adjective. dreadful

Cognates

Early Quenya [QL/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

haloisi velike

place name. Great Sea

A name of the Great Sea in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/85), a compound of haloisi “(stormy) sea” and velike “great”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Haloisi Velikë).

Variations

  • Haloisi Velikë ✧ LT1A/Haloisi Velikë
Early Quenya [LT1/085; LT1A/Haloisi Velikë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vea

noun. sea

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about”

Element in

Variations

  • vea ✧ MC/213; MC/214; MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/138
Early Quenya [MC/213; MC/214; MC/216; MC/220; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/138] Group: Eldamo. Published by