Quenya 

arda

realm

arda noun "realm" (GAR under 3AR). It is said that arda, when used as a common noun, "meant any more or less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402), or "a particular land or region" (WJ:413). Capitalized Arda "the Realm", name of the Earth as the kingdom of Manwë (Silm), "the name given to our world or earth...within the immensity of Eä"(Letters:283, there again rendered "realm"), "our planet" (MR:39), once translated "Earth" (SD:246). In a wider sense, Arda can refer to the entire Solar System (MR:337). Also name of tengwa #26 (Appendix E). Masc. name Ardamírë "Jewel of the World" (PM:348), shorter form Ardamir (UT:210); Ardaranyë "the Kingdom of Arda" (PE17:105)

arda

noun. region, realm, particular land or region, region, realm, particular land or region; [ᴱQ.] place, spot

Cognates

  • S. gardh “region” ✧ WJ/402

Derivations

  • gardā “region” ✧ WJ/402
    • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend”

Element in

  • Q. Arda “The World, (lit.) Realm” ✧ WJ/402
  • ᴺQ. liëarda “republic”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
gardā > arda[gardā] > [ɣardā] > [ardā] > [arda]✧ WJ/402

Variations

  • Arda ✧ MR/358
Quenya [LotR/1123; MR/358; WJ/402; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arda

place name. The World, (lit.) Realm

One of the Elvish names of the world (S/19, Let/283). It is simply arda “realm” used as a proper name, and refers to the world as the realm of Manwë (MR/349). Properly speaking, this kingdom extends beyond just the world, including Aman and the rest of the Solar System as well (MR/337; NM/282). This makes this term more expansive than Ambar, which refers only to the world itself, which is contained with Arda. Arda is in turn contained within “Creation”, which is the whole (physical) universe.

In less technical writings, however, Arda and Ambar are often used synonomously.

Conceptual Development: As a name of the world this name seems to have first emerged in Númenórean stories from the 1940s (SD/246).

Cognates

Element in

Quenya [LBI/Arda; Let/283; LT1I/Arda; MR/007; MR/039; MR/254; MR/337; MR/349; MR/405; MRI/Arda; NM/227; NM/281; NM/282; PE17/022; PE17/105; PE17/125; PE17/150; PMI/Arda; RGEO/66; RSI/Arda; S/019; SI/Arda; UTI/Arda; WJ/206; WJ/402; WJI/Arda] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harda

realm, region

harda noun "realm, region" _(VT45:12, 16, 17; the word also occurs, unglossed, in the entry EN in the Etymologies)_. Changed to arda later?

arya

twelve hours, day

arya (3) noun "twelve hours, day" (AR1; compare aurë). In deleted notes this word was also used as an adjective: "of the day, light" (VT45:6). Still according to VT45:6, arya is also the name of Tengwa #26 in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, but Tolkien would later call #26 arda instead (indeed arya was changed from arda in the source; Tolkien would later change his mind back again). The abandoned name arya suggests that the letter was to have the value ry (rather than rd as in the classical system outlined in LotR Appendix E). Since the word for "day" (daylight period) is given as aurë in later sources, and arya is assigned other meanings in late material (see #1, 2 above), the conceptual validity of arya "day" is questionable.%

Elenarda

star-kingdom

Elenarda place-name "Star-kingdom", upper sky (3AR). Deleted material in the Etymologies defined elenarda as "star-realm", "upper air or sky" (VT45:16). Compare elen, (h)arda.

mar

earth

mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.

artaurë

realm

artaurë noun "realm" (PE17:28). Cf. turmen.

kemen

earth

kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.

turmen

realm

turmen noun "realm" (PE17:28). Turmen Follondiéva "Realm of the North-harbourage", old name for Arnor, TurmenHallondiéva "Realm of the South-harbourage", old name for Gondor (PE17:28)

turmen

noun. realm

Cognates

  • S. arthor “realm” ✧ PE17/028; PE17/028

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
TUR“dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong”
MEN“go, move, proceed (in any direction); make for, go towards; have as object, (in)tend; direction, object, point moved toward; region”

Variations

  • Turmen ✧ PE17/028; PE17/028

cemi

earth, soil, land

cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)

irmin

the world, all the regions inhabited by men

irmin noun "the world, all the regions inhabited by Men" (LT2:343; hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya)

ména

region

ména noun "region" (MEN). Not to be confused with the present/continuative tense of #men- "go".

nómë

place

#nómë noun "place", isolated from Nómesseron, q.v. Cf. also sinomë.

nómë

noun. place

Derivations

  • NOM “place”

Element in

  • ᴺQ. ainomë “anyplace, anywhere”
  • ᴺQ. ilinomë “everywhere”
  • ᴺQ. istanómë “school, academy”
  • ᴺQ. mancanómë “market, market-place”
  • ᴺQ. minomë “instead, in place of, in exchange of”
  • ᴺQ. nanomë “someplace, somewhere”
  • ᴺQ. nómëa “local”
  • ᴺQ. nómessëa “local”
  • Q. nómessë “place-name” ✧ VT42/17
  • ᴺQ. -non “-place, -spot (forms place-names, area nouns)”
  • Q. Quentalë Ardanómion “*History of the Places of Arda” ✧ WJ/206
  • Q. sinomë “here, (lit.) in this place”
  • Q. tanomë “there, (lit.) in the place (referred to)”

Variations

  • Nóme ✧ VT42/17 (Nóme)
Quenya [VT42/17; WJ/206] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yón

noun. region

Yón

region, any (fairly extensive) region between obstacles such as rivers or mountains

yón (2), variant of yondë, q.v. Defined as "a region, any (fairly extensive) region _between obstacles such as rivers or mountains" (PE17:43)_

arda

Arda

Arda derives from the Primitive Quendian word gardā meaning "bounded or defined place, region".

Quenya [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

Sindarin 

gardh

noun. bounded or defined region

Sindarin [WJ/402] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gardh

noun. world

Sindarin [WJ/402] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gardh

noun. region

Cognates

  • Q. arda “region, realm, particular land or region, region, realm, particular land or region; [ᴱQ.] place, spot” ✧ WJ/402

Derivations

  • gardā “region” ✧ WJ/402
    • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
gardā > gardh[gardā] > [garda] > [garða] > [garð]✧ WJ/402
Sindarin [UT/034; WJ/402] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ardhon

noun. great region, province

Sindarin [Calenardhon S/386, PM/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ardhon

noun. world

Sindarin [Calenardhon S/386, PM/348] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ardhon

place name. The World

A Sindarin name for the world appearing only in the name Mîr n’Ardhon “Jewel of the World” (PM/348). Since this name is the translation of Q. Ardamírë, it follows that Ardhon may be a cognate of Q. Arda: “The World, (lit.) Realm”. As such, it may be a combination of some form of S. gardh “region” (in early writings, N. ardh) with a suffixal element -on, possibly the augmentative suffix -on. It is also possible that this form is lenited, and the proper form is gardhon.

Cognates

  • Q. Arda “The World, (lit.) Realm”

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
gardh“region”
-on“augmentative suffix”

Variations

  • Arðon ✧ PM/348

sad

noun. place, spot

Derivations

  • SAT “space, place; divide, apportion, mark off” ✧ VT42/19

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
SAT > sad[sat] > [sad]✧ VT42/19
Sindarin [UTI/Calenhad; VT42/19; VT42/20] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arthor

realm

_n. _realm.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:28] < _artaurē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arthor

noun. realm

Cognates

  • Q. turmen “realm” ✧ PE17/028; PE17/028

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
artaurē > Arthor[artaurē] > [artaure] > [artʰaure] > [arθaure] > [arθaur] > [arθor]✧ PE17/028

Variations

  • Arthor ✧ PE17/028; PE17/028
Sindarin [PE17/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Sindarin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ceven

noun. Earth

Sindarin [VT/44:21,27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75] Group: SINDICT. Published by

region

noun. holly-tree area

[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

aran

king of a region

(pl. erain)

ardh

realm

ardh (region), pl. erdh

ardh

realm

(region), pl. erdh

ardh

region

1) ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

ardh

region

(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

gardh

bounded or defined place

(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);

gardh

region

(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

land

open space

(construct lan, pl. laind) (level), also used as adjective ”wide, plain”.

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cae

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

sâd

place

sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

sâd

place

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)  

caew

resting place

(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).

sant

privately owned place

(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

dôr

region

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, X/ND2] Published by

pathu

level place

(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in

gilwen

region of stars

(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).

gwaith

region

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

Adûnaic

dâira

noun. Earth

A noun translated as “Earth” in the final version of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247). It may be related to S. dôr “land”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynn (AAD/13).

Conceptual Development: In the Lament of Akallabêth (first draft), this noun appeared as kamāt (SD/311).

Element in

Variations

  • dāira ✧ SD/247

Primitive elvish

gardā

noun. region

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend”

Derivatives

  • Q. arda “region, realm, particular land or region, region, realm, particular land or region; [ᴱQ.] place, spot” ✧ WJ/402
  • S. gardh “region” ✧ WJ/402
Primitive elvish [WJ/402] Group: Eldamo. Published by

artaurē

noun. Realm

Derivatives

  • S. arthor “realm” ✧ PE17/028

Elements

WordGloss
RĀ/ARA“noble, high, royal”
TUR“dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong”
Primitive elvish [PE17/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

keme

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Variations

  • kĕmĕ ✧ PE21/80 (kĕmĕ)
Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kemen

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Derivatives

  • Q. cemen “the earth; earth, the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
  • S. cevenEarth, earth; Earth”
Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nom Reconstructed

root. place

A hypothetical root serving as the basis for Q. nómë “place”.

Derivatives

Noldorin 

ardh

noun. realm, region

Noldorin [Ety/360] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ardh

noun. realm

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. arda “realm, region” ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA
  • Ilk. garth “realm” ✧ EtyAC/GAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” ✧ Ety/ƷAR; EtyAC/ƷARA
  • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/GAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ƷAR > ardh[ɣarda] > [arda] > [arða] > [arð]✧ Ety/ƷAR
Noldorin [Ety/ƷAR; Ety/NÁRAK; EtyAC/GAR; EtyAC/ƷARA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. Earth

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Ambar “Earth, World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

  • N. Emerin “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR
  • N. Gondobar “Stone of the World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > ambar > amar[ambar] > [ambar] > [ammar] > [amar]✧ Ety/MBAR
Noldorin [Ety/MBAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Noldorin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

An indeclinable word given as {cíw >>} coe “earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KEM (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM).

Possible Etymology: The primitive form of rejected cíw is given as ᴹ✶kēm and its derivation is clear: the long ē became ī and then the final m reduced to w after i as usual. The derivation of coe is more obscure, however. The likeliest explanation is that Tolkien imagined its ancient form with a slightly lowered vowel which he generally represented as ǣ in this period (in later writings as ę̄). According to the first version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Comparative Vowel Tables from the 1930s (PE18/46; PE19/25), ǣ &gt; ei &gt; ai &gt; ae, and in The Etymologies itself, it seems ai often became oe instead of ae.

Neo-Sindarin: Updating the derivation of hypothetical ✱kę̄m would produced ᴺS. cae in Sindarin phonology. But given the obscurity of its derivation, I recommend using 1950s S. ceven for “earth” instead.

Changes

  • cíwcoe ✧ Ety/KEM

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kemen “soil, earth; Great Lands” ✧ Ety/KEM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM
  • ᴹ✶kēm “*earth” ✧ EtyAC/KEM
    • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KEM > coe[kǣm] > [kaim] > [kai] > [koe]✧ Ety/KEM
ᴹ✶kēm > cíw[kēm] > [kīm] > [kīv] > [kīw]✧ EtyAC/KEM

Variations

  • cíw ✧ EtyAC/KEM (cíw)
Noldorin [Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Primitive adûnaic

thāni

noun. realm

The primitive form of thâni “land”, written in allcaps as THĀNI (SD/420). Usually Tolkien used capitalization for primitive roots, but in this case it is more like to be a form derived from an unattested Primitive Adûnaic root ✱√THAN.

Derivatives

Element in

  • Ad. Amatthâni “Blessed Realm, (lit.) Land of Manwë” ✧ SD/420

Variations

  • THĀNI ✧ SD/420
Primitive adûnaic [SD/420] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

arda

noun. realm, region

Changes

  • ardaharda ✧ EtyAC/EN
  • ardaarda “day (period of 12 hours)” ✧ PE22/021

Cognates

  • N. ardh “realm” ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA
  • Ilk. garth “realm” ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” ✧ Ety/EN; EtyAC/ƷARA
  • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GAR
  • ᴹ√GARAT “*defend” ✧ EtyAC/ƷAR
    • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/ƷAR; EtyAC/GAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ƷAR > harda[ɣarda] > [harda]✧ Ety/EN
ᴹ√GAR > arda[garda] > [ɣarda] > [arda]✧ Ety/ƷARGAR
ᴹ√ƷARA > harda[ɣarda] > [harda]✧ EtyAC/ƷARA

Variations

  • harda ✧ Ety/EN; EtyAC/EN; EtyAC/ƷAR (harda); EtyAC/ƷARA (harda)
Qenya [Ety/EN; Ety/ƷAR|GAR; EtyAC/EN; EtyAC/ƷAR; EtyAC/ƷARA; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arda

place name. Earth, world

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
arda“realm, region”

Variations

  • arda ✧ SD/246; SD/310
Qenya [LRI/Arda; SD/246; SD/310; SD/401; SDI2/Arda; SMI/Arda] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harda

noun. realm

arya

noun. day (twelve hours)

Changes

  • ardaarya ✧ Ety/AR¹

Cognates

  • N. arad “daytime, a day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Aryante “Day-bringer” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√AR¹ > arya[arja]✧ Ety/AR¹

Variations

  • arda ✧ EtyAC/AR¹ (arda)
Qenya [Ety/AR¹; EtyAC/AR¹; PE22/023; PE22/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambar

noun. Earth, World

Cognates

  • N. amar “Earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > a-mbar[ambara]✧ Ety/MBAR
ᴹ√[?mbar] > ambar[ambara]✧ EtyAC/SIL

Variations

  • a-mbar ✧ Ety/MBAR
  • ambaron ✧ EtyAC/MBAR
  • ambar ✧ EtyAC/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL; SM/241
Qenya [Ety/MBAR; EtyAC/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL; LRI/Ambar; SD/056; SM/235; SM/236; SM/241; SMI/Ambar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

Variations

  • hun ✧ PE21/19
Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24; PE21/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esse

noun. place

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ES “*place” ✧ EtyAC/ES

Element in

  • ᴹQ. essea “in place, local” ✧ EtyAC/ES (essea)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ES > esse[esse]✧ EtyAC/ES

Variations

  • esse ✧ EtyAC/ES (esse)

ména

noun. region

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MEN “go, proceed” ✧ Ety/MEN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MEN > ména[mēna]✧ Ety/MEN

men

noun. place, spot

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MEN “go, proceed” ✧ Ety/MEN

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MEN > men[men]✧ Ety/MEN

Doriathrin

garth

noun. realm

A Doriathrin noun meaning “realm” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷAR or possibly ᴹ√GAR (Ety/ƷAR), perhaps from a primitive form ✱✶ɣarda or ✱✶garda given its cognates ᴹQ. arda and N. ardh. Likely the [[ilk|[d] became [ð] after [r]]] and then the [[ilk|final [ð] became [θ]]], a derivation that is supported by the (rejected) earlier entry Dor. garth (dh) in The Etymologies (EtyAC/ƷARA). These probable developments were noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/garth).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. arda “realm, region” ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA
  • N. ardh “realm” ✧ EtyAC/GAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” ✧ Ety/ƷAR; EtyAC/ƷARA
  • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/GAR

Element in

  • Ilk. Garthurian “Fenced Realm, Hidden Realm” ✧ Ety/ƷAR; EtyAC/ƷARA (Garthurian)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ƷAR > garth[ɣarda] > [ɣarða] > [garða] > [garð] > [garθ]✧ Ety/ƷAR

Variations

  • garth (dh) ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA (Dor. garth (dh))
Doriathrin [Ety/ƷAR; EtyAC/GAR; EtyAC/ƷARA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

bardha

noun. realm

Derivations

idhru

place name. the world

Cognates

  • Eq. irmin “the inhabited world” ✧ GL/50; LT2A/Idril

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IÐI “dwell‽” ✧ GL/50; LT2A/Idril

Element in

  • G. Idhrubar “the world, all the regions inhabited by men” ✧ GL/50; LT2A/Idril
Gnomish [GL/50; LT2A/Idril] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

garth

noun. place, place, [G.] district

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places”

Element in

  • En. garthad “open place, square” ✧ PE13/161
Early Noldorin [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

arda

noun. place, spot

@@@ probably from [ɣarðā] since cognate G. gar(th) ends in [θ] which only develops from [ð] when final after a consonant

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places” ✧ QL/032

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ƷARA > arda[ɣarðā] > [ɣarða] > [arða] > [arða]✧ QL/032
Early Quenya [QL/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by