ve (1) prep. "as, like" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya, MC:213, 214, VT27:20, 27, VT49:22); in Narqelion ve may mean either "in" or "as". Ve fírimor quetir *"as mortals say" (VT49:10), ve senwa (or senya) "as usual" (VT49:10). Followed by genitive, ve apparently expresses "after the manner of": ve quenderinwë coaron ("k") "after the manner of bodies of Elven-kind" (PE17:174). Tolkien variously derived Quenya ve from older wē, bē or vai(VT49:10, 32, PE17:189)
Quenya
-vë
as, like
-vë
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
Derivations
- ✶-b(iy)ē “-ing”
Element in
- Q. andavë “long, at great length”
- ᴺQ. anwavë “surely, certainly”
- Q. auvië “possession (abstract), *the act of possessing”
- Q. coivië “life, life, [ᴱQ.] liveliness; awakening” ✧ PE17/068
- Q. cuivië “awakening” ✧ PE17/068
- Q. ilúvë “the whole, the all, allness, the whole, the all, allness; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; Heaven”
- Q. návë “being” ✧ PE17/068
- Q. oialë “forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity, forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity; [ᴹQ.] everlasting age” ✧ PE17/074
- Q. sívë “knowing, knowledge” ✧ PE17/068
Variations
- -ve ✧ PE17/068
- ve ✧ PE17/074
ve
as, like
-ië
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
Derivations
- ✶-(i)yē “abstract noun, adverb” ✧ PE17/058
Element in
- Q. Andúnië “Sunset”
- Q. aquapahtië “privacy, *(lit.) full-closedness”
- Q. aranië “kingdom”
- Q. túrindië “*kingdom”
- Q. Carnimírië “Red-jewelled”
- Q. coloitië “endurance, staunchness, fortitude”
- Q. enquië “Elvish week of six days”
- Q. hísië “mist, mistiness”
- Q. látie “openness”
- Q. laurië “goldenness; like gold”
- Q. lintië “swiftness, speed; swiftly, *quickly” ✧ PE17/058
- Q. londië “harbourage”
- Q. alatúlië “welcome”
- Q. márië “well, happily; goodness, good estate, being well, happiness” ✧ PE17/058
- ᴺQ. molië “labour, work”
- Q. mornië “darkness, blackness”
- Q. Nárië “June, *Fire-ness”
- Q. Neldië “*Trinity”
- Q. olass(i)ë “foliage, collection of leaves”
- Q. Onnarië “Time of Children”
- ᴺQ. otolmië “keyboard”
- Q. quelië “*fading” ✧ LotR/1110
- Q. sangië “necessity”
- Q. sarnië “shingle, pebble bank”
- Q. Sindanórië “Grey Country, Land of Greyness”
- Q. sindië “greyness”
- Q. tárië “height”
- Q. tengwestië “language [as a concept]”
- Q. terpellië “*temptation”
- Q. Yavannië “September, *Yavanna-ness”
- Q. yávië “autumn, harvest [time or act]”
- Q. yénië “annals”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-(i)ı̯ē > -ië [-ijē] > [-ie] ✧ PE17/058 Variations
- -ië ✧ LotR/1110 (-ië); PE17/058
- -ie ✧ PE17/058; PE17/058; PE17/058; PE17/059; PE17/059
-lë
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
Changes
- -le → ve ✧ PE17/074
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. aitalë “reverence, worship, religion”
- Q. cendelë “face, face, *visage”
- Q. findelë “tress, lock [of hair]”
- Q. findilë “head of hair”
- Q. fintalë “trick”
- Q. hantalë “thanksgiving”
- Q. laitalë “praise”
- Q. lambelë “phonetics” ✧ VT39/16
- Q. lindalë “music”
- Q. lumbulë “dark shadow, heavy shadow; deep in shadow”
- Q. maitalë “the act of doing [artistic] work”
- Q. máralë “goodness” ✧ PE17/058
- Q. nurtalë “hiding”
- Q. oialë “forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity, forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity; [ᴹQ.] everlasting age” ✧ PE17/058; PE17/074
- Q. ontalë “descent, descent, *derivation, ancestry”
- Q. quellë “late autumn and early winter, (lit.) fading”
- Q. quentalë “history, narration, history, narration, [ᴹQ.] account” ✧ VT39/16
- Q. sillë “like this” ✧ PE17/074
- Q. tallë “like that” ✧ PE17/074
- Q. tengwelë “language (general term), language (general term); [ᴱQ.] sense” ✧ VT39/16
- Q. tumbalë “depth, deep valley”
- Q. vendelë “maidenhood”
- Q. yallë “as, in the same way as, like” ✧ PE17/074
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-lē > -le [-lē] > [-le] ✧ PE17/058 √LEŊ > -le [-leŋ] > [-leɣ] > [-le] ✧ PE17/074 ✶-lē > -lë [-lē] > [-le] ✧ VT39/16 Variations
- -le ✧ PE17/058; PE17/074
-më
suffix. abstract noun
Derivations
- ✶-(u)mē “denoting a (single) action”
Element in
Variations
- -me ✧ PE17/169 (-me)
-rë
suffix. abstract noun
Derivations
- ✶-(a)rē “abstract noun”
Element in
Variations
- -re ✧ MC/223 (-re)
-va
from
-va possessive ending, presumably related to the preposition va "from". In Eldaliéva, Ingoldova, miruvóreva, Oroméva, rómeva, Valinóreva (q.v. for references), Follondiéva, Hyallondiéva (see under turmen for references). Following a consonant, the ending instead appears as -wa (andamacilwa "of the long sword", PE17:147, rómenwa *"of the East", PE17:59). Pl. -vë when governing a plural word (from archaic -vai) (WJ:407), but it seems that -va was used throughout in late Exilic Quenya (cf. miruvóreva governing the plural word yuldar in Namárië). Pl. -iva (-ivë*), dual -twa, partitive pl. -líva**.
-va
suffix. possessive or adjectival ending
-wa after consonants
Derivations
- ✶-wā “possessive, adjectival” ✧ PE17/059; WJ/407
Element in
- ᴺQ. illöa(va) “annual, yearly, per annum (year as item)”
- ᴺQ. qualöa(va) “annual, yearly, perennial (year as whole)”
Elements
Word Gloss va “(away) from, (away) from, [ᴹQ.] away, [ᴱQ.] gone forth; with” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-u̯a > -va [-wā] > [-βā] > [-βa] > [-va] ✧ PE17/059 ✶-vā > -va [-wā] > [-βā] > [-βa] > [-va] ✧ WJ/407
-ssë
suffix. abstract noun
Cognates
- S. -as “abstract noun”
Derivations
Element in
- Q. alanessë “nicotiana, pipeweed, nicotiana, pipeweed, *tobacco”
- Q. aranus(së) “kingship”
- Q. carpassë “mouth-system; full organized language, including system, vocabulary, metre, etc.”
- Q. celussë “freshnet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring”
- Q. entulessë “return”
- ᴺQ. failassë “justice, fair-mindedness”
- Q. findessë “head of hair, person’s hair as a whole”
- Q. incánussë “mind mastership”
- ᴺQ. letinwessë “constellation”
- Q. Lótessë “May, *(lit.) Flower-ness”
- Q. nassë “nature, true-being, *essence; person, individual” ✧ VT49/30
- ᴺQ. omolmessë “corporation”
- ᴺQ. restassë “countryside, the country”
- Q. táris(së) “queenship”
- Q. tengwassë “alphabet”
Variations
- -sse ✧ VT49/30 (-sse)
sívë
as
sívë (1) prep. "as", apparently ve of similar meaning with the prefix sí- "this, here, now"; sívë therefore makes a comparison with something close, whereas tambë (q.v.) refers to something remote. Sívë...tambë "as...so" (VT43:17). Elided sív' in VT43:12, since the next word begins in the vowel e-.
andavë
long, at great length
andavë adv. "long, at great length" (PE17:102); see anda
va
from
va prep. "from" (VT43:20; prefixed in the form var- in var-úra "from evil", VT43:24). In VT49:24, va, au and o are quoted as variants of the stem awa "away from".
ye
as
[ye (3), also yé, prep. "as" (VT43:16, struck out; in the text in question Tolkien finally settled on sívë, q.v.)]
ier
as
ier prep. "as" (VT43:16, probably rejected in favour of sívë, q.v.). In an abandoned version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien used ier...ter for "as...so" (VT43:17).
anda
long
anda adj. "long" (ÁNAD/ANDA), "far" (PE17:90).In Andafangar noun "Longbeards", one of the tribes of the Dwarves (= Khuzdul Sigin-tarâg and Sindarin Anfangrim) (PM:320). Compare Andafalassë, #andamacil, andamunda, andanéya, andatehta, Anduinë. Apparently derived from the adj. anda is andavë "long" as adverb ("at great length", PE17:102), suggesting that the ending -vë can be used to derive adverbs from adjectives (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308)
ando
long
ando (2) adv. "long"; maybe replaced by andavë; see anda (VT14:5)
ho
from
ho prep. "from" (3O); cf. hó-
ló
from
ló, lo (2) prep. "from", also used = "by" introducing the agent after a passive construction: nahtana ló Turin *"slain by Túrin" (VT49:24). A similar and possibly identical form is mentioned in the Etymologies as being somehow related to the ablative ending -llo, but is not there clearly defined (VT45:28). At one point, Tolkien suggested that lo rather than the ending -llo was used with proper names (lo Manwë rather than Manwello for "from Manwë"), but this seems to have been a short-lived idea (VT49:24).
o
preposition. from
Derivations
- ✶ăwă “from” ✧ PE17/148
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/148
- ✶hō “from, coming from, as described by a genitive” ✧ PE22/168
- √HO “from, coming from” ✧ WJ/361
Variations
- ō ✧ PE22/168
sóra
long, trailing
sóra adj. "long, trailing" (LT2:344)
ya
as
ya (2) or yan, prep. "as" (VT43:16, probably abandoned in favour of sívë)
-vë, (3) apparently an ending used to derive adverbs from adjectives (see andavë under anda and oiavë under oia). May be related to the preposition ve "as, like".