nut-

tie

nut- vb. "tie" (1st pers. aorist nutin "I tie") (NUT)

tië

path, course, line, direction, way

tië noun "path, course, line, direction, way" (TE3, VT47:11); pl. tier in Namárië(Nam, RGEO:67); tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51; tie-lya-nna "path-your-upon")

tië

noun. path, road, way, line, path, road, way, line, [ᴹQ.] course, direction, [ᴱQ.] route

Derivations

• ✶tegē “line, road” ✧ PE19/071
  • √TEG “line”

Element in

• Q. Anar caluva tielyanna “The sun shall shine upon your path” ✧ UT/022
• ᴺQ. angatië “railway line, railroad track, (lit.) iron-road”
• Q. ar ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë “and all paths are drowned deep in shadow” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. ar lumbulë undulávë ilyë tier “and (heavy) shadow swallowed (lit. down-licked) all roads” ✧ RGEO/59
• Q. imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië “between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon” ✧ VT47/11
• Q. mentië “passage, journey, direction of travel” ✧ PE17/013

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tegē > tie	[tegē] > [teɣē] > [tejē] > [tie]	✧ PE19/071

Variations

• tie ✧ PE17/013; PE17/072; PE19/071; VT47/11

tien

for them

tien would seem to be a dative pronoun *"for them". Whether this is somehow to be derived from the pronoun te "they, them", or whether it is the dative form of an otherwise unattested 3rd person pl. pronoun *tië, remains unclear. (VT43:12, 21) Ten (q.v.) as the straightforward dative form of te is attested elsewhere.

tier

path

tier is, besides the pl. form of tië "path" above, an ephemeral word for "so", abandoned by Tolkien in favour of tambë (VT43:17)

lia-

twine

lia- vb. "twine" (LT1:271)

mentië

passage, journey, direction of travel

mentië noun "passage, journey, direction of travel" (PE17:13); the elements are men- "go, proceed" + tië "path, road". Not to be confused with the gerund of menta- #1.

raiwe

lace

[raiwe noun "lace" (VT42:12)]

raiwë

noun. lace

A word for “lace” appearing in The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s from the root √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace, involve in a network, enlace” (VT42/12). The glossed form raiwe “lace” was deleted, but later in the same note Tolkien gave “S. raef or raew (blend of Q. raima and raiwe) ‘net’,” and this second instance of raiwe was not deleted.

Cognates

• S. raew “net” ✧ VT42/12

Derivations

• √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace, involve in a network, enlace” ✧ VT42/12

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√RAY > raiwe	[raiwe] > [raiwe]	✧ VT42/12

Variations

• raiwe ✧ VT42/12 (raiwe); VT42/12

tac-

fasten

tac- ("k") vb. "fasten" (the form tacë given in the Etymologies is translated "he fastens", evidently the 3rd person sg. aorist), pa.t. tancë (TAK)

lé

way

lé (1) noun "way" = "method, manner" ("as in that is not As way"). Not to be confused with lé as a stressed form of le = plural "you"; Tolkien was himself dissatisfied with this clash (PE17:74).

men

way

men (2) noun "way" (SA) or "place, spot" (MEN)

men

noun. way, way; [ᴹQ.] place, spot

Cognates

• S. men “road, way, road, way; [N.] *place”

Derivations

• √MEN “go, move, proceed (in any direction); make for, go towards; have as object, (in)tend; direction, object, point moved toward; region”

Element in

• ᴺQ. catamen “background, milieu”
• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ SA/men
• Q. hyarmen “south, (lit.) left-hand direction” ✧ SA/men
• Q. Ilmen “*Place of Starlight”
• ᴺQ. mancamen “market, (lit.) trade-place”
• ᴺQ. menessë “instead, (lit.) in place”
• Q. mentië “passage, journey, direction of travel”
• ᴺQ. mótamen “office”
• ᴺQ. natsemen “website, (lit.) web-spot”
• Q. númen “west, direction or region of the sunset, occident, (lit.) going down” ✧ SA/men
• ᴺQ. parmen “school, place of study”
• ᴺQ. quermen “a turning, turn, corner (of a street)”
• Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise” ✧ SA/men
• ᴺQ. tirmen “theater”
• ᴺQ. tungwemen “tax-office”

nem-

sew

nem- vb. "sew" (cited in the form neme), pa.t. néme (QL:65)

londa

path

[londa noun "path"], changed by Tolkien to londë noun "road (in sea)" (VT45:28)

lango

passage

lango (2) noun "passage", especially across or over an obstacle, also "neck" (PE17:92)

vand-

way, path

vand- noun "way, path" (LT1:264; a final vowel would seem to be required, but in Tolkien's later Quenya, the words tië or mallë are to be preferred)

lîr

noun. line, line, [N.] row

Derivations

• ᴹ√LIR “*row”

Element in

• S. aeglir “line of peaks, line of peaks, [N.] range of mountain peaks; [ᴱN.] peak, mountain top” ✧ RC/011

Variations

• lir ✧ RC/011 (lir)

nod-

verb. to tie, bind

men

noun. way, road

men-

verb. to go

Derivations

• √MEN “go, move, proceed (in any direction); make for, go towards; have as object, (in)tend; direction, object, point moved toward; region”

Element in

• S. dadwen- “to return, go back”
• S. nidhin mened “I have a mind to go, I intend to go” ✧ PE22/165

othlonn

noun. paved way

tharbad

noun. cross-way

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

pada

walk

(i bada, i phadar)

pâd

noun. way

pâd

way

(construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”.

nod

tie

nod- (i nôd, i nedir) (bind), pa.t. likely *nunt since the root is __ (LR:378).

nod

tie

(i nôd, i nedir) (bind), pa.t. likely ✱nunt since the root is NUT (LR:378).

taetha

tie

taetha- (fasten) (i daetha, i thaethar)

taetha

tie

(fasten) (i daetha, i thaethar)

lîr

line

1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) tê (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) tî (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.

lîr

line

(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.

taeg

boundary line

(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).

tê

way

(i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.

tê

line

(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath

tî

line

(i** dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.

taetha

fasten

taetha- (tie) (i daetha, i thaethar)

taetha

fasten

(tie) (i daetha, i thaethar)

theres

noun. ribbon, tie

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. THER “sew, sew; [ᴱ√] twine, tie, bind”

tilias

line of peaks

(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.

nothlir

family line

(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

fû Speculative

noun. path

Element in

• S. Fui ’Ngorthrim “Paths of the Dead” ✧ RC/526

imrad

path

(between mountains, hills or through trackless forest) imrad (pass), pl. imraid.

imrad

path

(pass), pl. imraid.

lend

way

(journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”

râd

path

râd (track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

râd

path

(track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

falas

line of surf

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****

mên

way

1) mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn), 2) lend (journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”, 3) #pâd (construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”. 4) tê (i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.

mên

way

(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn)

bâd

pathway

(i vâd, construct bad) (beaten track), pl. baid (i maid).

krimp-

verb. to tie, to bind

Element in

• Bs. ash nazg thrakatulûk agh burzum-ishi krimpatul “one ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them” ✧ LotR/0254; PE17/011

krimp-

verb. to tie, bind

yad-

verb. to go

A verb appearing in the Lament of Akallabêth in the form ayadda “(it) went” (SD/247, VT24/12). Its initial element is the 3rd persons neuter plural suffix a- “it”. This leaves the basic verb form yadda, which is the past tense according to the theories used here.

Conceptual Development: It appeared in the form yadda in the first draft version of the Lament, and this form was also briefly considered as a replacement for unakkha “he-came” in the first sentence of the Lament (SD/312).

Element in

• Ad. adûn izindi batân tâidô ayadda “[the] road west once went straight, (lit.) west straight road once went” ✧ SD/247; SD/312

teg

root. line

Tolkien used a number of similar roots as the basis for “line” words throughout his life. The earliest of these appeared in the Qenya Lexicon as ᴱ√TEHE [teχe] “pull” (gloss marked with a “?” by Tolkien) with derivatives like ᴱQ. tea “straight”, ᴱQ. telya “attractive; importunate”, and ᴱQ. tie “line, direction, route, road” (QL/90), the last of these surviving more or less unchanged all the way into the published version of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/377). The early root ᴱ√TEHE also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tê “mark, line; track; path”, G. tî or tion “straight”, and G. tîr “honest; esteem, regard, honour”, originally “straight, upright” (GL/69, 71). Primitive ᴱ✶tegna > ᴱQ. tína/ᴱN. tain “straight” from Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s may represent a shift in the form of the root to ✱ᴱ√TEGE (PE13/153, 165).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as {ᴹ√TEƷ >>} ᴹ√TEÑ “line, direction” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tie/N. tê “line, way” and ᴹQ. téra/N. tîr “straight, right” (Ety/TEƷ, TEÑ). In the Outline of Phonology Tolkien gave √TEG “line”, whereas √TEÑ was given as the basis for Q. tenna “a thought, notion, idea” and thus clearly with a different meaning; see the entry √TEÑ for further discussion. In any case it is clear that Tolkien considered various ancient velar consonants for the second consonant of this root, all ultimately vanishing in the child languages with similar vocalic effects: 1910s teχ-, 1920s teg-, 1930s {teʒ- >>} teñ- and 1950s teg-.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume this root was √TEƷ in order to preserve the validity of the word téma “series”. This is because Tolkien kept vacillating on the development of gm, but usually had gm > ngw, so that teg-mā > tengwa, not téma.

Derivatives

• ✶tegē “line, road”
  • Q. tië “path, road, way, line, path, road, way, line, [ᴹQ.] course, direction, [ᴱQ.] route” ✧ PE19/071
• ✶tegmā “direct[ion], process” ✧ PE19/097
  • Q. téma “series, series, [ᴹQ.] row, line” ✧ PE18/104; PE19/082; PE19/097

ther

root. sew

The root √THER or √SER “saw” appears in a discussion of the name Q. Vairë “Weaver” probably from the late 1950s, with Tolkien preferring √THER because it could be a variant of √TER “pierce” (PE17/33). That section of the discussion was rejected (PE17/34), but given Tolkien’s later use of †Þerindë > Q. Serindë “Broideress” or “Needlewoman” as a sobriquet for Fëanor’s mother Q. Míriel (MR/185; PM/333), it seems √THER “sew” survived. This root could be a later iteration of ᴱ√SERE “twine, tie, bind” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. serma “string, cord” and ᴱQ. serta- “tie” (QL/83); its Gnomish derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. ther- “tie” and G. theres “ribbon” make it clear the actual early root was ✱ᴱ√ÞERE (GL/72).

Derivatives

• Q. ser- “*to sew”

Variations

• SER ✧ PE17/033 (SER)

ser

root. sew; [ᴱ√] twine, tie, bind

ther

root. sew, sew; [ᴱ√] twine, tie, bind

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. serma “string, cord”
• ᴺS. ther- “to sew”
• ᴺS. theres “ribbon, tie”

nod-

verb. to tie, to tie, *bind

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nut- “to tie, to tie, *bind” ✧ Ety/NUT

Derivations

• ᴹ√NUT “tie, bind” ✧ Ety/NUT
• ᴹ✶nut- “to tie, to tie, *bind” ✧ Ety/WŌ
  • ᴹ√NUT “tie, bind”

Element in

• N. gonod- “to count (up)”
• N. gwanod “tale, number, number, tale”
• ᴺS. únod- “to untie, undo, unloose”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶nut- > nod-	[nut-] > [not-] > [nod-]	✧ Ety/WŌ

Variations

• nud- ✧ Ety/NUT
• nod- ✧ Ety/WŌ

nud-

verb. *to tie

tê

noun. line, way

tî

noun. line, row

nud-

verb. to tie, bind

taetha-

verb. to fasten, tie

taetha-

verb. to fasten, tie

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tak- “to fasten, to fasten, [ᴱQ.] fix” ✧ Ety/TAK

Derivations

• ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast, make” ✧ Ety/TAK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TAK > taetho	[takta-] > [taktʰa-] > [taxθa-] > [taiθa-] > [taeθa-]	✧ Ety/TAK

lonn

noun. path

ledh-

verb. to go, to go, *travel, journey

@@@ extended meanings suggested by Fiona Jallings

Derivations

• On. led- “to fare”
  • ᴹ√LED “go, fare, travel” ✧ Ety/LED; EtyAC/LED

Element in

• N. neledh- “*to go in, enter” ✧ TAI/150

othlon

noun. paved way

othlond

noun. paved way

pendrad

noun. passage up or down slope, stairway

pendrath

noun. passage up or down slope, stairway

lhonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

rada-

verb. to make a way, find a way

râd

noun. path, track

lhonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven