hair

noun/adjective. left (hand)

haer

adjective. remote

_adj._remote. >> hae, haered, na-chaered

haer

adjective. remote, remote, *distant

hair

left

(adj.) hair (lenited chair; no distinct pl. form); also used as noun

hair

left

HAND (*hair, o chair, i chair, no distinct pl. form even with article; cited in archaic form heir, LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). Adj. LEFT also crom (lenited grom, pl. crym), with corresponding noun

hair

left

(lenited chair; no distinct pl. form); also used as noun

hair

left hand

o chair, i chair, no distinct pl. form even with article; cited in archaic form heir, LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). Adj.

hair

noun/adjective. left (hand)

fingon

masculine name. Hair Shout

Eldest son of Fingolfin and second high king of the Noldor in Beleriand until his father’s death (S/60). His name is an adaptation of his Quenya name Findecáno which roughly means “Hair Shout” (PM/345), a combination of fîn “hair” and the suffix -gon seen in the several names (SA/fin, káno).

Conceptual Development: The name of this character was Fin(n)weg in the earliest Silmarillion drafts (SM/14), though the name Fingon appeared in later revisions of the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/80). In Silmarillion drafts from the early 1930s, the name Finweg was consistently revised to Fingon (SM/89), and remained thus thereafter.

In The Etymologies from the 1930s, N. Fingon was given as a derivative of ᴹ✶Phindekāno containing ON. phinde “skill” and the suffixal form -gon of caun “valour” (Ety/PHIN, KAN). Later Tolkien briefly considered revising this name to S. Fingorn “Revered Finwe” using the same final element as Aragorn, but quickly rejected this idea (PE17/113). He then considered various etymologies for Fingon using the roots √KUN(DU), √KON and √KAN, the last of which is given above.

Findelor

noun. 'hair-golden'

prop. n. 'hair-golden'. Q. Findelaure. >> findel, Finglor

Finglor

noun. 'hair-golden'

prop. n. 'hair-golden'. Q. Findelaure. >> findel, Findelor

haer

remote

(far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)*

haer

far

(adj.) *haer (remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira_.) _Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.

haer

far

(remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.) *Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.

haer

distant

(far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)*

Finglas

noun. hair-leaf

fînd (“tress”) + lass (“leaf”) #The medial g is not clear, might be left from Gnomish lexicon, where fingl meant “tress”, or fing is a variant of find.

fing

noun. lock of hair

laws

noun. hair ringlet

fîn

hair

1) (a single hair) fîn (construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362), 2) (lock of hair, tress) find (construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.

find

hair

(construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.

fîn

hair

(construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362)

fast

shaggy hair

(pl. faist if there is a pl.).

Fingon

noun. Fingon

hair shout (if interpretable at all); find (“hair, a tress”) + caun (“outcry, clamour”) S name of Findekáno.

fastui

noun. shaggy, hairy, hirsute

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo as a replacement for G. fidhrad, it is simply an adjectival form of [N.] fast “shaggy hair”.

Fingon

Fingon

Fingon is the Sindarized version of his Quenya father-name, Findekáno. The latter consists of findë ("hair") + káno ("commander").

crûm

left hand

(i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath. Also ✱hair (i chair), no distinct pl. form (not even with article). Note: hair is also used = ”left” as adjective. Cited in archaic form heir (LR:365 s.v. KHYAR).

*gwachae

remote

(adjective) 1) *gwachae (far away), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186). 2) hae (far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae*; no distinct pl. form, 3) haer (far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira**.)

hae

distant

1) hae (far, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form, 2) *haer (far, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.)

cam

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

celu

noun. spring, source

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

ethuil

noun. spring, spring [the season]

hae

adjective. far, remote, distant

haered

noun. remote distance, the remote

haeron

adjective. far, remote, distant

harvo

noun. left hand

harvo

noun. left side

mab-

noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)

maw

noun. hand

maw

noun. hand

The Sindarin equivalent of Q. má, likewise derived from the root √MAH or √MAƷ “hand; handle, wield” (PE17/162; VT47/6). However, in Sindarin this word was archaic, used only in poetry, having been replaced in ordinary speech by other words like S. mâb and (less often) cam. Other remnants of this word can be seen in compounds like molif “wrist, (orig.) hand link” and directional words like forvo and harvo for left and right hand side.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. mô from the early root ᴱ√MAHA was the normal word for “hand”, replacing mab “hand” (< ᴱ√MAHA) which in this document Tolkien decided was instead an irregular dual form of mô (GL/55). It had also had an irregular plural mabin based on this dual, replacing an older plural †maith. In the Gnomish Grammar, its archaic form was †mâ, with the usual Gnomish sound change of ā to ō (GG/14), as opposed to later Sindarin/Noldorin ā to au, spelt -aw when final. Tolkien seems to have abandoned mô as a non-archaic word for “hand” early on, preferring ᴱN. mab “hand” by the 1920s and introducing N. cam “hand” in the 1930s.

mâb

noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)

mâb

noun. hand, hand, [N.] grasp

The typical Sindarin word for “hand” (VT47/7, 20), usable in almost any context. It is most notable as an element in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (VT47/8). See below for a discussion of its etymology.

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where G. mab “hand” appeared as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√MAPA “seize” (GL/55). Tolkien then revised the gloss to “hands”, saying instead it was an irregular dual of G. mô “hand”. The word reverted to singular ᴱN. mab “hand” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). These early versions of the word were already an element of Mablung “Heavy Hand(ed)” (LT2/38; LB/311), but also of Ermabwed “One-handed” (LT2/34; LB/119).

In the 1930s it seems Tolkien decided Ilk. mâb “hand” was primarily an Ilkorin word, and the usual word for “hand” in Noldorin was N. cam. Compare Ilkorin Ermabuin “One-handed” and Mablosgen “Empty-handed” with Noldorin Erchamion and Camlost of the same meaning. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. mab “grasp” under the root ᴹ√MAPA “seize”, but the version of the entry with that word was overwritten (EtyAC/MAP), leaving only the Ilkorin form mâb. In this period, Mablung may also have been an Ilkorin name.

After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin in the 1950s, he kept S. Erchamion and Camlost based on cam, but also kept Mablung “Heavy Hand” which must have become Sindarin. In his later writings Tolkien again revisited the etymology of S. mâb “hand”. In a note from Jan-Feb 1968, he wrote:

> It [Q. má = “hand”] did not survive in Telerin and Sindarin as an independent word, but was replaced by the similar-sounding but unconnected C.E. makwā, Q. maqua, T. mapa, S. mab, of uncertain origin, but probably originally an adjectival formation from MAK “strike” ... (VT47/19).

This sentence was struck through, however. In drafts of notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals written in or after 1968, Tolkien again derived mâb from √MAP (VT47/20 note #13), but in the final version of these notes he made the remarkable decision to discard this root despite it being a stable part of Elvish for nearly 50 years, declaring it was used only in Telerin and not Quenya or Sindarin (VT47/7). He coined a new etymology for S. mâb “hand” based on ✶makwā “handful” = ✶mā + ✶kwā (VT47/6-7), a variation on the above etymology from √MAK.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to ignore Tolkien’s 1968 removal of √MAP “seize”, and so would continue to derive S. mâb “hand” from that root. However, its ancient meaning may have been “✱grasp”, and its eventual use as “hand” might have been influenced by ancient ✶makwā “handful”.

tuil

noun. spring

Fingon

Fingon (name)

Fingon's father-name was Findekáno (Q: "Skilled Hero", pron. N , V ). Fingon is the Sindarin version of his father-name.

cam

hand

1) cam (i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath; 2) mâb (i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib). 3) Archaic †maw (i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6) 4) (fist) dond (i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).

cam

hand

(i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath

camlann

of the hand

(i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain).

celos

water falling swiftly from a spring

(i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).

celu

spring

(of water) 1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) (well) eithel (source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

celu

spring

(i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.

crom

left

(lenited grom, pl. crym), with corresponding noun

crumguru

having a cunning left hand

lenited grumguru, pl. crumgyry (or crymgyry if the entire word is umlauted, but this may be unlikely) (VT45:24)

dond

hand

(i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).

eithel

spring

(source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

ethuil

spring

(season) ethuil (no distinct pl. form). SPRING-SINGER, see SWALLOW

ethuil

spring

(no distinct pl. form).

forgam

right-handed

(pl. fergaim, for archaic förgeim)

fuir

right hand

pl. fŷr. Also used as adj. "right, north" (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).

gwachae

remote

(far away), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186).

hae

remote

(far, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form

hae

distant

(far, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form

hâr

left

(noun, the direction) hâr (i châr) (south).

hâr

left

(i châr) (south).

lhê

fine thread

*lhê (?i thlê or ?i lê the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.

lhê

fine thread

*lhê (?i thlê or ?i lê the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê. -THREAD, see MIST.

maw

hand

(i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6) 

mâb

hand

(i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib).

tuia

spring

(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)

tuia

spring

(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)

haira

remote, far

haira adj. "remote, far" (KHAYA)

avahaira

remote, far

avahaira adj. "remote, far" (KHAYA)

findë

hair

findë (1) noun "hair" (especially of the head) (PM:340), "a tress or plait of hair" (PM:345), "tress, braid of hair, lock of hair" (SPIN)

finë

hair

finë (1) (stem *fini-, given the primitive form ¤phini) noun "a hair" _(PM:340, PE17:17) or "larch" (SPIN)_

loxë

hair

loxë (1) ("ks")noun "hair" (LOK). In later sources Tolkien uses findë, findessë, findilë for "hair", leaving the conceptual status of loxë uncertain.

findecáno

masculine name. *Hair Commander

The Quenya name of S. Fingon, a compound of findë “hair” and cáno “commander” (PM/345). The initial element of his name alluded to, but was not directly derived from, his grandfather’s name Finwë (PM/345).

Conceptual Development: In earlier genealogy tables, his name was given as Finicáno. In the last such table, he appeared as Findicáno >> Findecáno (PM/361).

findë

noun. hair (especially of the head), tress or plait of hair, hair (especially of the head); tress or plait of hair, [ᴹQ.] braid of hair

A word mentioned by Tolkien in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 with glosses “hair, especially of the head” (PM/340) and “hair - a tress or plait of hair” (PM/345). The word finde also appeared in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 with the gloss “tress, lock” alongside a long form Q. findelë of the same meaning (PE17/119). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, it was ᴹQ. finde “tress, braid of hair” under the root ᴹ√SPIN (Ety/SPIN). The root was likewise √SPIN(ID) in the 1957 Notes on Names, but in the 1968 Shibboleth Tolkien used the root form √PHIN.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use findë as a general word for hair (though primarily used for head-hair), also able to refer to a tress, plait or braid of hair, though the word Q. findelë is more specific to that sense. An entire head of hair would be Q. findessë (PM/345), while a single hair would be Q. finë (PE17/17; PM/340). Despite Tolkien’s 1968 change of √SPIN >> √PHIN, I would assume a root form of √SPIN(ID) “hair”, since elsewhere √PHIN usually meant “skill(ful)” (PE17/17, 119, 181; Ety/PHIN).

Findaráto

hair-champion

Findaráto masc. name *"Hair-champion", Sindarized as Finrod(SA:ar(a) )

hairië

noun. distance, (lit.) farness

laurefindele

masculine name. Golden Haired

The Quenya name of Glorfindel from which his Sindarin name is derived (PE17/17, 119). It is a compound of laurë “gold” and findelë “lock, head of hair”.

Conceptual Development: In an early name list, ᴱQ. Laurifindl or ᴱQ. Kulufindl was given as the Quenya equivalent of G. Glorfindel (PE13/104). In later writings, the name appeared variously as Laurefindil, Laurefin(de) and Laurefindele, and in one place was inverted to Findelaure (PE17/17, 119).

ríma

noun. fillet, snood, fillet, snood, *headband, hairnet

A word glossed “fillet, snood” in 1968 notes on the name of Galadriel, derived from the √RIƷ “wind about, wreathe” (NM/353). A “fillet” is a ribbon or strip used as a headband for holding hair and “snood” is an older English word for a decorative hairnet.

finëa

adjective. downy, hairy [specifically fine, light hair]

A neologism for “downy, hairy” (more specifically referring fine, light hair) coined by Paul Strack in 2018 for Eldamo as a replacement for ᴱQ. tilinya of the same meaning. This Early Qenya word was based on ᴱQ. til (tiln-) “single hair”, and finëa is likewise an adjectival form of finë “single hair”.

Findecáno

-káno

Findecáno ("-káno") masc. name *"Hair-commander"; Sindarized as Fingon(PM:344)

findimaitar

noun. barber, hairdresser

A neologism for “barber, hairdresser” coined by Tamas Ferencz, a combination of Q. findë “hair” and Q. maitar “artist”.

ipsin

noun. fine thread

A word for “fine thread” derived from the root √SPIN- in notes from the mid-1960s (PE17/17).

Ipsin

fine thread

Ipsin noun "fine thread" (PE17:17)

cambë

noun. hand, (hollow of) hand

eccaira

remote, far

eccaira ("k") adj. "remote, far" (KHAYA)

haiya

far

haiya adj. "far" (SD:247). Also háya.

hyarya

left

hyarya adj. "left" (opposite of right). (KHYAR). Compare hyarma.

lendë

left, went

lendë vb. "left, went" (pa.t. of lelya- "go") (FS, LR:47, SD:310, WJ:362), or, according to the Etymologies, the pa.t. of lenna- "go" and lesta- "leave" (LED, ELED. In the Etymologies as printed in LR, lenna- was misread as "linna-"; see VT45:27)

lia

fine thread, spider filament

lia noun "fine thread, spider filament" (SLIG).

má

noun. hand

hand

má

hand

má noun "hand" (MA3, LT2:339, Narqelion, VT39:10, [VT45:30], VT47:6, 18, 19); the dual "a pair of hands" is attested both by itself as mát (VT47:6) and with a pronominal suffix as máryat "his/her (pair of) hands" (see -rya, -t) (Nam, RGEO:67). The nominative plural form was only máli, not **már (VT47:6), though plurals in -r may occur in some of the cases, as indicated by the pl. allative mannar "into hands" (FS). Mánta "their hand", dual mántat "their hands" (two hands each) (PE17:161). Cf. also the compounds mátengwië "language of the hands" (VT47:9) and Lungumá "Heavyhand" (VT47:19); also compare the adj. -maitë "-handed". See also málimë.

má

noun. hand

má

noun. hand

The most common Quenya word for “hand”, which Tolkien usually derived from a root √MAH or √MAƷ “hand; handle, wield”. The weak consonant h or ʒ in the root was lost very early, so that primitive ✶mā was one of a rare set of ancient monosyllabic nouns ending in a vowel. Tolkien said that of the various hand words, má was “the oldest (probably) and the one that retained a general and unspecialized sense - referring to the entire hand (including wrist) in any attitude or function” (VT47/6).

As a part of the body, má “hand” was usually referred to in the singular (má) or dual (mát). This was true when referring to the hands of groups of people as well. For example, to say that “the Elves raised their hands”, you would say either i Eldar ortaner mánta (singular, one hand each) or i Eldar ortaner mántat (dual, both hands each), with the possessive suffix -nta “their”.

The plural form már “hands” (or archaic †mai) was almost never used, in part because it conflicted with Q. már “dwelling”. The singular form was also used in general statements and proverbs: “hand is cleverer than foot” má anfinya epe tál (ná). A collection of otherwise unrelated hands would likely use the partitive-plural form: máli “some hands”, which in this case could also serve as the general plural (VT47/12 Note 2). See the discussions on PE17/161 and VT47/6 for more information.

This word is also unusual in that it retains its long vowel before consonant clusters in inflected forms such as mánta “their hand” (PE17/161) or márya “his/her hand” (PE17/69). As Tolkien described it:

> Lá is usually shortened to la before 2 consonants, according to the usual Q. procedure, but the long vowel can be retained, especially for additional emphasis, as in other cases where pronominal affixes follow a long vowel, as in márya “his hand” (PE22/160).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to ᴱQ. mā “hand” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” (QL/57). ᴹQ. má “hand” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√MAƷ “hand” (Ety/MAƷ). Tolkien mentioned this word with great frequency, usually derived from √MAH or √MAƷ (as noted above) though he sometimes considered deriving it from √MAG instead.

nonda

hand, especially in [?clutching]

nonda noun "hand, especially in [?clutching]" (VT47:23; Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible)

tuilë

spring, spring-time

tuilë noun "spring, spring-time", also used = "dayspring, early morn" (VT39:7, TUY), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. tuima in Tolkien's later Quenya.

tuilë

noun. spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green

hayassë

noun. distance

heir

noun/adjective. left (hand)

heir

noun/adjective. left (hand)

fast

noun. shaggy hair

findel

noun. (braided) hair

finnel

noun. (braided) hair

lhaws

noun. hair ringlet

cam

noun. hand

cam

noun. hand

camb

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

celw

noun. spring, source

crom

noun. left

crom

adjective. left

crum

noun. left hand

crumui

adjective. left-handed

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

ethuil

noun. spring

fingon

masculine name. Fingon

hae

adjective. far, remote, distant

hargam

noun. left-handed

mō

noun. hand

ON. hand

phin

root. hair

spin(id)

root. fine thread, filament; hair

Tolkien had Elvish “hair” words that began with fin- for most of his life, but the details of their derivation evolved. The earliest form of this root was unglossed ᴱ√FIÐI [FIÐI] in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. findl “lock of hair” and ᴱQ. firin “ray of sun” (QL/38). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. fiðra “collective hair” and {findel >>} G. finn “a lock of hair” (GL/35), the latter an element in the name G. Glorfindel “Golden Hair”, a name that retained this form and meaning for all of Tolkien’s life.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had unglossed ᴹ√SPIN with derivatives like ᴹQ. finde “tress, braid of hair” and N. finnel “(braided) hair” (Ety/SPIN). He made a point that this root was distinct from ᴹ√PHIN “nimbleness, skill” (Ety/PHIN), a distinction he reemphasized in later writings as well (PE17/17, 119). The additional form ᴹQ. fine “larch” (a species of tree with needle-like leaves) indicates the 1930s root was not limited exclusively to “hair” (Ety/SPIN). The root √SPIN appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s later writings, variously glossed “single hair, filament” >> “fine thread, filament” (PE17/17), “lock, tress of human/elvish hair” as extended √SPIN-ID (PE17/119), or “single hair” (PE17/185). However, in The Shibboleth of Feanor from 1968 Tolkien gave the root as √PHIN “hair” (PM/340).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would ignore this 1968 change of √SPIN >> √PHIN. Furthermore, I would assume √SPIN referred to a single hair or other kind of filament, and extended √SPINID referred to a tress of hair.

phiniñgornā

masculine name. Fingon

khā

adverb. far

mā

noun. hand

twílë

noun. spring

khibil

noun. spring

A noun translated “spring” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).

pâ

noun. hand

A noun translated “hand”, given as an example of an apparent Adûnaic uniconsonantal noun, which had a biconsonantal-root but lost one of its consonants from its ancient form ✶Ad. paʒa (SD/416, 426).

êphal

adjective. far

An adjective (or adverb?) translated as “far” (SD/247, SD/312).

camba

noun. hand

mapa

noun. hand

má

noun. hand