Quenya 

-da

suffix. product of an action

Derivations

  • -dā “product of an action”

Element in

  • Q. carda “deed”
  • Q. cenda “inspection, reading”
  • Q. yulda “drink, draught, thing drunk; cup”

halda

adjective. high, tall

Quenya [PE 22:103; PE 22:148] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

canta-

verb. ?

Derivations

  • KAN “cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule, cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule; [ᴹ√] dare”

tar-

affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)

Cognates

  • S. -dor “*king, lord”

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

Variations

  • tar- ✧ PE22/148; SA/tar
Quenya [PE22/148; SA/tar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sal-

verb. ?

Quenya [PE 22:133] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

high

2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt . This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)

tána

high, lofty, noble

tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.

Sindarin 

dha

?. ?

Changes

  • nođa ✧ PE22/165

Element in

  • S. inn dha v’im “I have a good mind (to do so), (lit.) there is an ‘inn’ in me” ✧ PE22/165

Variations

  • đa ✧ PE22/165
  • no ✧ PE22/165 (no)
Sindarin [PE22/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en

?. ?

@@@ In VT50/13 Carl Hostetter suggested this might be an indicative passive voice marker en, vs. subjunctive passive voice marker aen.

Element in

Variations

  • en ✧ VT50/13

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Sindarin [S/428] Reduced form of , element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Sindarin [S/428] Reduced form of , element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ingildon

place name. ?

Changes

  • IngildonBarad Nimras ✧ WJI/Barad Nimras
  • IngildonBarad Nimras ✧ WJI/Ingildon
Sindarin [WJI/Barad Nimras; WJI/Ingildon] Group: Eldamo. Published by

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).

Primitive elvish

-dā

suffix. product of an action

Derivatives

  • Q. -da “product of an action”

Element in

  • khabdā “pile, (artificial) mound”
  • mbarda ✧ PE17/106
  • mbazdā “baked or a baked thing” ✧ PE17/051; PE17/052
  • reddā “sown field, acre”
  • yuldā “what is drunk, a draught” ✧ PE17/106
  • Q. carda “deed” ✧ PE17/051
  • ᴺQ. malda “pulp, paste, mash, mush”
  • ᴺQ. nista “thrust, push, shove”
  • ᴺQ. quihta “shot, projectile (from a bow or a crossbow)”
  • Q. yulda “drink, draught, thing drunk; cup” ✧ PE17/051; PE17/068
  • ᴺS. ordh “boil, pus”

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/052
  • -da ✧ PE17/068
  • -d ✧ PE19/090
Primitive elvish [PE17/051; PE17/052; PE17/068; PE17/106; PE19/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-da

suffix. motion to or towards a point, allative suffix

Derivatives

  • Q. -r “motion to or towards a point, motion to or towards a point, *archaic allative” ✧ WJ/366

Element in

  • awā-da ✧ WJ/366
  • kasd(a) “to the head” ✧ PE21/76
  • mbard(a) “home, homeward” ✧ PE21/76
  • sidā̆ “hither” ✧ VT49/18
  • tad(a) “thither, thereto, to that” ✧ PE21/76; PE21/76
  • tald(a) “to the foot” ✧ PE21/76
  • ᴺQ. ener(a) “on, onward, further”
  • ᴺQ. esta “outwards”
  • Q. endaquet- “to answer”
  • ᴺS. “(to the) inside; into”
  • ᴺS. “yet, hither(to), hereto”

Variations

  • -dā̆ ✧ PE21/76; VT49/18
  • -d ✧ PE21/76
  • dā̆ ✧ PE21/79
  • -ndā ✧ PE21/79
Primitive elvish [PE21/76; PE21/79; VT49/18; WJ/366] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tā/taʒ

root. high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble

This root and ones like it were used for “high” things for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√TAHA in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. “high; high above, high up”, ᴱQ. tahōra or tayóra “lofty”, and ᴱQ. tāri “queen”; it had a variant form ᴱ√TAʕA where the ʕ might be a malformed Y (QL/87). The corresponding forms in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon were G. “high” and G. dara “lofty” (GL/29), indicating the true form of the root was ᴱ√DAHA, since initial voiced stops were unvoiced (d- > t-) in Early Qenya (PE12/17). Primitive forms like ᴱ✶dagá > ᴱN. /ᴱQ. “high” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s indicates the root continued to begin with D for the following decade (PE13/141, 161).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave this root as ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high”, ᴹQ. tári “queen” and N. taen “height, summit of high mountain” (Ety/TĀ). In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 Tolkien gave the root as √TAG or Tā- “high”, and in notes from around 1967 Tolkien gave √TAƷ as the explanation of the initial element of Q. Taniquetil and contrasted it with √TĂR “stand” (PE17/186). In 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), Tolkien wrote a marginal note giving √TAƷ > “high”, but this note was rejected with a statement “transfer to Gen. Structure. No [ʒ] existed in Eldarin” (PE19/72-73 note #22).

This last rejection seems to be part of Tolkien’s general vacillation on the nature and phonetic evolution of velar spirants in Primitive Elvish in 1968-70. For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root form was √TAH or √TAƷ > √ as the basis for “high” words, much like √MAH or √MAƷ > ✶ was the basis for “hand” words.

Derivatives

  • tagra ✧ PE17/186
    • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
    • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186
  • tāra “high”
  • Q. -tar “honorific”
  • Q. tar “honorific, sir, madam”
  • Q. tar- “high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)”
  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
  • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186

Variations

  • TAG/Tā- ✧ PE17/186
  • TAƷ ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186; PE19/073 (TAƷ)
  • ✧ PE19/073 ()
Primitive elvish [PE17/186; PE19/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tāra

adjective. high

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

Variations

  • tār(a) ✧ PE17/186
Primitive elvish [PE17/067; PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Undetermined

bel

place name. ?

Element in

Variations

  • bel ✧ RC/018 (S. bel)
  • Bel- ✧ UT/247
Undetermined [RC/018; UT/247; VT42/15] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive adûnaic

asad

root. ?

An otherwise unexplained root Tolkien gave to illustrate a pronunciation example (SD/421). It may not be a real root. If it is real, it is either a biconsonantal-root with vowel-prefixion or a triconsonantal-root with a lost initial consonant such as ] or ].

Derivatives

  • Ad. asdi “[unglossed]” ✧ SD/421
Primitive adûnaic [SD/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sapad

root. ?

An otherwise unexplained root Tolkien gave to illustrate a pronunciation example. It may not be a real root.

Derivatives

  • Ad. sapda “[unglossed]” ✧ SD/421
Primitive adûnaic [SD/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nak

root. ?

An otherwise unexplained root that Tolkien used to illustrate the processes of Primitive Adûnaic word formation (SD/422-3). It may have no real meaning. Even if it were, certainly only a few of its derivatives could be real words in Classical Adûnaic.

Variations

  • NAK- ✧ SD/422
Primitive adûnaic [SD/422; SD/423] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

karpa

root. ?

Derivatives

Variations

  • karpa ✧ PE18/066
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

da

preposition. ?with, into

Element in

Gnomish [GL/17; GL/29] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adjective. high

Cognates

  • Eq. “high; high above, high up” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; LT1A/Taniquetil
  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/112; PE13/112
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TAHA > [daxā] > [daxa] > [dā]✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári
ᴱ✶daga- > da[dagā] > [daga] > [daɣa] > [dā]✧ PE13/112
ᴱ✶dagain > dagīn > dain[dagain] > [dagīn] > [daɣīn] > [dain]✧ PE13/112

Variations

  • da ✧ PE13/112
Gnomish [GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; LT1A/Taniquetil; PE13/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a-

prefix. ?

Element in

  • G. abair “victory”
  • G. abont “back; backwards”
  • G. aglar “glory”
  • G. agrech “contempt”
  • G. agrectha- “to despise, contemn”
  • G. arog “swift, rushing, torrential”
  • G. alewthion “having fingers”
  • G. alepthog “fingered, having fingers”
  • G. amabwed “having hands”
  • G. abod “again; in return, in exchange; back”

Variations

  • ✧ GL/17

Early Ilkorin

tök

adjective. high

Cognates

  • En. “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Variations

  • ta[k] ✧ PE13/141
Early Ilkorin [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tak

adjective. high

Early Noldorin

adjective. high

Changes

  • da ✧ PE13/141

Cognates

  • Eilk. tök “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
  • Eq. “high; high above, high up” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
  • Et. daga “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Variations

  • ✧ PE13/141
  • da ✧ PE13/141 (da)
Early Noldorin [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hanach

?. ?

Element in

Early Noldorin [MC/217] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

daga

adjective. high

Cognates

  • En. “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”
Solosimpi [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by