Quenya 

velicë

great

velicë ("k") adj. "great" _(LT1:254; probably not valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; in the context of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from _BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired it.)

melehta

mighty

melehta adj. "mighty" (PE17:115), cf. meletya

melehta

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā (with [kt] > [ht]). A variant form meletya appears with the 2nd-plural possessive suffix -lda as Meletyalda “your mighty” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/369), likely from the primitive form ✱✶mbelekya (with [kj] > [tj]). This variant form has a more typical primitive adjective suffix ✶-ya, but is inconsistent with the attested Sindarin cognate S. belaith, so I’d stick with melehta for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

  • S. belaith “mighty” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbelek > melehta[mbelekta] > [melekta] > [melexta]✧ PE17/115
Quenya [PE17/115; WJ/369] Group: Eldamo. Published by

meletya

mighty

#meletya adj. "mighty", isolated from meletyalda adjective with suffix "your mighty" = "your majesty" (see -lda; meletya = *"mighty"). In full Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369). Compare melehta.

meletya

adjective. mighty

-úmë

large

-úmë (3) suffix "large" (of quantity)", as in liyúmë "host" (VT48:32)

úra

large

úra (2) adj. "large" (UR), probably obsoleted by #1 above

poldorë

strong, burly

poldorë noun? (not glossed, derived from polda "strong, burly": possibly "strength" as an abstract) (POL/POLOD)

pol

large, big (strong)

pol (2) adj. "large, big (strong)". Since this would be the sole example of a monosyllabic Quenya adjective, it may be that Tolkien is here citing the root POL rather than a complete word. Cf. polda.

alta

large, great in size

alta (1) adj. *"large, great in size" (root meaning)(ÁLAT). Alat- in Alatairë, q.v.

alat-

large, great in size

alat- prefix "large, great in size". (ÁLAT, cf. VT45:5). In Alatairë.

nerdo

large, strong man

nerdo noun "large, strong man" (compare nér) (VT47:33)

Turcafinwë

strong, powerful (in body) finwë

Turcafinwë masc. name, "strong, powerful (in body) Finwë", masc. name; he was called Celegorm in Sindarin. Short Quenya name Turco. (PM:352), compare #turco "chief" (q.v.)

taura

mighty, masterful

taura adj. "mighty, masterful" (TUR, PE17:115), "very mighty, vast, of unmeasured might or size" (VT39:10). Cf. túrëa.

Sindarin 

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great. Q. melek-.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:115] < _mbelek_ < BEL, MBEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:115] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Sindarin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

beleg

masculine name. Beleg

A hero of Doriath and friend of Túrin (S/200). His name is simply the adjective beleg “mighty” used as a name (SA/beleg).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Beleg dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, already having its later etymology (LTA2/Beleg). The name reappeared in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/30), and again in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/287). In The Etymologies, Beleg was designated an Ilkorin name, translated “Strong” (Ety/BEL).

Elements

WordGloss
beleg“great, mighty; large, big, great, mighty; large, big, [ᴱN.] huge”
Sindarin [LotRI/Beleg; PMI/Beleg; SA/beleg; SI/Beleg; UTI/Beleg; WJI/Beleg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty; large, big, great, mighty; large, big, [ᴱN.] huge

The primitive form of this word in later writings is unclear. The development in Quenya seems indicates a primitive initial ✶mb- and a primitive form of ✶mbeleke, as in ✶Mbelekōro or ✶Mbelekōre > Q. Melkor (PE17/115, WJ/402). However, the nasal mutation meleg appears in Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees”, indicating a primitive initial ✶b- and a primitive form of ✶beleke. It is possible the soft mutation veleg appears Arveleg, also indicating a primitive initial ✶b-. @@@ Also Cûl Veleg.

It may be that the strengthening of √BEL ⇒ √MBEL occurred only in Quenya, and the Sindarin form developed from the original √BEL instead. Since The Etymologies state that √BEL was “not found in Q[uenya]”, this seems a likely scenario to me.

Cognates

  • Q. velca “large, great, big” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • (m)belek- “large, great, big, large, great, big, [ᴹ✶] huge; mighty” ✧ PE17/115
    • MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115
  • MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbelek- > beleg[mbelek] > [belek] > [beleg]✧ PE17/115
mbelek > beleg[mbelek] > [belek] > [beleg]✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • Beleg ✧ S/209
Sindarin [PE17/115; RC/536; S/209; SA/beleg; WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

belaith

adjective. mighty

adj. mighty. Q. melehta.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:115] < BEL, MBEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

belaith

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.

Cognates

  • Q. melehta “mighty” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbelek > belaith[mbelektā] > [mbelekta] > [mbelektʰa] > [mbelexθa] > [belexθa] > [beleiθa] > [beleiθ] > [belaiθ]✧ PE17/115
Sindarin [PE17/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iaun

adjective. large

adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42:99] < YAN vast, huge. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

daer

adjective. great

Sindarin [UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daer

adjective. great, large

Derivations

  • daira “large, great” ✧ VT42/11
    • DAY “*great” ✧ VT42/11

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
daira > daer[daira] > [dair] > [daer]✧ VT42/11

Variations

  • Daer ✧ UT/264; WJ/335
  • daer ✧ VT42/11
Sindarin [UT/264; VT42/11; VT42/14; WJ/191; WJ/335; WJ/338] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beleg

mighty

1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

beleg

mighty

(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

Beleg

Beleg means "mighty" in Sindarin. His epessë Cúthalion means "Strongbow".

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

bell

strong

1) (in body) *bell, lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt. 2)

bell

strong

lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt.

daer

large

daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

large

(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

#dae

great

#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

dae

great

(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)

daer

great

daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

taur

mighty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

thalion

strong

thalion (steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thalion

strong

(steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

Khuzdûl

gabil Reconstructed

adjective. great

Element in

Primitive elvish

stal

root. strong

The unglossed root ᴹ√STALAG appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like N. thala “stalwart, steady, firm” and N. thalion “hero, dauntless man” (Ety/STÁLAG), the latter a sobriquet of Húrin typically translated as “Steadfast” in the narratives themselves (S/199). Similar forms appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s derived from the primitive form ᴱ✶stalga (PE13/153).

The root √STAL “strong” was mentioned in passing as the basis for the adjective Q. astalda in a rejected page associated with roots having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115; VT47/26 note #26). The name Q. Astaldo “Valiant” appeared as a sobriquet of Tulkas in later versions of The Silmarillion (S/28), replacing the earlier name Q. Poldórëa of similar meaning (MR/146, 149; LR/206). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume √STAL (and its derivatives) means “✱valiant” rather than “strong”.

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. astal “valour”
  • Q. astalda “strong, *valiant” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

  • ᴺS. thalas “valour, courage”
Primitive elvish [PE17/115; PE17/185] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Noldorin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, large

Cognates

  • Ilk. Beleg “Strong” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹT. belka “excessive” ✧ Ety/BEL

Derivations

  • On. beleka “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • ᴹ✶bélekā “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • ᴹ√BEL “strong” ✧ Ety/BEL

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. beleka > beleg[beleka] > [belek] > [beleg]✧ Ety/BEL
Noldorin [Ety/BEL; PE22/031] Group: Eldamo. Published by

belt

adjective. strong in body

Noldorin [Ety/352, Tengwestie/20031207] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daur

adjective. great, large

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶daʒrā “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
    • ᴹ√DAƷ “great” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶daʒrā > daur[daɣrā] > [dārā] > [dāra] > [dǭra] > [doura] > [daura] > [daur]✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
Noldorin [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taur

adjective. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime

Noldorin [Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

úra

adjective. large

Cognates

  • N. ûr “wide” ✧ Ety/UR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√UR “wide, large, great” ✧ Ety/UR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√UR > úra[ūra]✧ Ety/UR

-on

suffix. great

Element in

  • ᴹQ. andon “great gate, great gate, [ᴱQ.] door, gate” ✧ Ety/AD

taura

adjective. mighty

Cognates

  • N. taur “vast, mighty, overwhelming, awful, huge; high, sublime” ✧ Ety/TUR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶taurā “masterful, mighty” ✧ Ety/TUR
    • ᴹ√TUR “power, control, mastery, victory” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; Ety/TUR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶taurā > taura[taurā] > [taura]✧ Ety/TUR

Doriathrin

beleg

masculine name. Strong

Cognates

  • N. beleg “great, large” ✧ Ety/BEL

Elements

WordGloss
bel“strength”
Doriathrin [Ety/BEL; LRI/Beleg; RSI/Beleg; SMI/Beleg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

belda

adjective. strong

Derivations

  • ᴹ√BEL “strong” ✧ Ety/BEL

Derivatives

  • N. belt “strong in body” ✧ Ety/BEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√BEL > belda[belda]✧ Ety/BEL
Old Noldorin [Ety/BEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

bel

root. strong

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶belē “strength” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • Ilk. bel “strength” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹ✶bélekā “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • On. beleka “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • N. beleg “great, large” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • ᴹT. belka “excessive” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • On. belda “strong” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • N. belt “strong in body” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • On. belle “strength” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹT. belda “strong” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹT. belle “(physical) strength” ✧ Ety/BEL

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BEL; Ety/DING; Ety/STARAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

daʒ

root. great

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶daʒrā “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
    • N. daur “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
  • ᴹQ. lai “very” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
  • N. dae “very” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

daʒrā

adjective. great, large

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DAƷ “great” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Derivatives

  • N. daur “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Telerin

belda

adjective. strong

Cognates

  • N. belt “strong in body” ✧ Ety/BEL

Derivations

  • ᴹ√BEL “strong” ✧ Ety/BEL
Middle Telerin [Ety/BEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

beleg

masculine name. Beleg

Gnomish [LT2A/Beleg; LT2I/Beleg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beleg

adjective. mighty, great

Cognates

  • Eq. velike “great, large” ✧ GL/22; LT1A/Haloisi Velikë

Derivations

Element in

  • G. Beleg ✧ LT1A/Haloisi Velikë
  • G. Belegost “*Great City” ✧ LT1A/Haloisi Velikë
  • G. belectha- “to extol, magnify” ✧ GL/22
  • G. beleth(os) “144, a gross; a great number” ✧ GL/22

Variations

  • Beleg ✧ GL/22
Gnomish [GL/22; LT1A/Haloisi Velikë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ûmi

adjective. large

Cognates

baldrin

adjective. mighty

polodrin

adjective. mighty

A word appearing as G. polodrin “mighty” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of G. polod “power, might, authority” (GL/64). It had an archaic variant {poldurin >>} †polurin or polorin which was sometimes used as a sobriquet for Tulcus.

Neo-Sindarin: Since ᴹ√POL(OD) still had to do with “strength” in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d adapt this word as ᴺS. polodhren “mighty, ✱powerful” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using the later Sindarin adjective -ren. Given the meanings of its base noun (including authority), I’d assume this adjective has a connotation of political power. I’d constrast it with S. belaith which I’d use for “mighty” in general (independent of authority).

Changes

  • poldurinpolurin ✧ GL/64

Cognates

  • Eq. poldórea “muscular, powerful” ✧ GL/64

Variations

  • polurin ✧ GL/64 (polurin)
  • polorin ✧ GL/64 (polorin)
  • poldurin ✧ GL/64 (poldurin)
Gnomish [GL/64; LT1A/Poldórëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

beleg

masculine name. Beleg

Early Noldorin [LBI/Beleg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, large, huge

Changes

  • belgbeleg ✧ PE13/138

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • belg ✧ PE13/138 (belg)
Early Noldorin [PE13/122; PE13/125; PE13/128; PE13/138] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

yn̄t

adjective. large

Derivations

  • ᴱ√YṆTṆ “*(en)large, increase” ✧ QL/106

Derivatives

  • Eq. yanta “large” ✧ QL/106
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

velike

adjective. great, large

Cognates

  • G. beleg “mighty, great” ✧ GL/22; LT1A/Haloisi Velikë

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • velikë ✧ LT1A/Haloisi Velikë
Early Quenya [GL/22; LT1A/Haloisi Velikë; PE16/137; QL/100] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yanta

adjective. large

Cognates

  • G. gant “larger, greater, more, (lit.) increased”

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶yn̄t “large” ✧ QL/106
    • ᴱ√YṆTṆ “*(en)large, increase” ✧ QL/106

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶yn̄t > ’yanta[dʲṇ̄tā] > [dʲṇ̄ta] > [dʲanta] > [janta]✧ QL/106

Variations

  • yanta ✧ PE15/69 (yanta)
  • ’yanta ✧ QL/106
Early Quenya [PE15/69; QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

úmea

adjective. large

Cognates

Element in

Variations

  • ūmea ✧ QL/097
Early Quenya [QL/097; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tulka

adjective. strong

Changes

  • tulkatulka “steady, strong” ✧ PE16/137

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TULUKU “*steady, firm”
Early Quenya [PE16/137] Group: Eldamo. Published by

turka

adjective. strong

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TURU “am strong”
Early Quenya [PE16/137] Group: Eldamo. Published by

túrea

adjective. mighty

Variations

  • tūrea ✧ QL/095 (tūrea)
Early Quenya [QL/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by