ela

interjection. behold!

Cognates

• S. alae “?behold”
• S. elo “behold!” ✧ WJ/362
• T. ela “behold!” ✧ WJ/362

Derivations

• ✶el-ā “lo!, look!, see!” ✧ WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ WJ/360

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶el/ele/el-ā > ela!	[elā] > [elā]	✧ WJ/360

Variations

• ela! ✧ WJ/362

ela!

behold!

ela! interjection "behold!" (directing sight to an actually visible object) (WJ:362)

cen-

see, behold

cen- ("k")vb. "see, behold", future tense cenuva ("kenuva") "shall see" in Markirya. Imperative cena ("k"), VT47:31.Also #cen = noun "sight" as the final element of some nouns (*apacen, tercen, q.v.) Compare the root KHEN-, KEN-, KYEN- "look at, see, observe, direct gaze" (VT45:21)

aiya

interjection. hail; behold, lo

Cognates

• S. ai “hail!, hail, [ᴱN.] cry of pain or woe, [G.] oh!”

Derivations

• √AYA(N) “blessed; treat with awe/reverence, blessed; treat with awe/reverence; [ᴱ√] honour, revere” ✧ PE17/146; PE17/149

Element in

• Q. Aia María quanta Eruanno “Hail Mary, full of grace” ✧ VT43/28; VT43/28
• Q. aiya Eärendil elenion ancalima “hail Eärendil, brightest of stars” ✧ LotR/0720; LotR/0915; PE17/101
• Q. aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie’n aurë “Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√AYA > Aiya	[āja] > [aija]	✧ PE17/146
√AYA > aiya > aia	[āja] > [aija] > [aia]	✧ PE17/149

Variations

• Aiya ✧ Let/385; LotR/0720; LotR/0915; PE17/146; S/190; SD/030; VT43/28; WJ/166
• aiya! ✧ PE17/089; PE17/090
• aia ✧ PE17/149
• Aia ✧ VT43/28

cen-

verb. to see, behold, look, to see, behold, look, *perceive

Cognates

• S. cen- “to see, perceive, look”

Derivations

• √KEN “see, perceive, note, see, perceive, note, [ᴹ√] look at, observe, direct gaze”

Element in

• Q. á cenë ancénië “look sharper, closer, more attentively, better, more closely” ✧ PE17/094; PE17/094
• ᴺQ. ascénie “obviously, *(lit.) easily seen”
• Q. cen “sight, sight, *sense of sight”
• Q. cenda “inspection, reading”
• ᴺQ. cénë “sight”
• Q. cénima “visible, visible, [ᴹQ.] able to be seen”
• Q. cenítë “seeing, *able to see”
• ᴺQ. cenya “*perceptive”
• Q. cenya “*perceptive”
• ᴺQ. cénelóra “blind”
• Q. man cenuva fána cirya? “Who shall see a white ship?” ✧ MC/221
• Q. man cenuva lumbor ahosta? “Who shall see the clouds gather?” ✧ MC/222; MC/222
• Q. man cenuva métim’ andúnë? “Who shall see the last evening?” ✧ MC/222; MC/222
• Q. tas cennen nótimë eldali “I saw a few elves there” ✧ PE22/155

Variations

• ken- ✧ MC/222

aia

hail

aia interjection "hail", variant of aiya (VT43:28)

aia

interjection. hail

aiya

hail

aiya interjection "hail", as greeting (LotR2:IV ch. 9, see Letters:385 for translation), or a call "for help and attention" (PE17:89), "only addressed to great or holy persons as the Valar, or to Earendil" (PE17:149). Variant aia (VT43:28)

alassë

hail

[alassë (2) interjection "hail" or "bless", evidently a synonym of the greeting alar!, q.v. (VT45:26)]

véla

verb. see

véla (2) vb. "see" (Arct); present/continuative tense of a verbal stem #vel-? The context of the sentence where it occurs ("till I see you next") suggests that this is "see" in the sense of "meet".

>> yomenië

ala

hail, blessed be (thou)

[ala (6) (also alar! or alla!) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5,14)]

alar!

hail, blessed be (thou)

[alar! (also ala and alla!) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5,14, 26)]

alla!

hail, blessed be (thou)

[alla! (also alar! or ala) interjection "hail, blessed be (thou)". (VT45:5, 14)] PE17:146 cites alla "hail, welcome" as a variant (occurring within the imaginary world) of aiya.

a-

see

a- (2) a prefix occurring in the Markirya poem (Tolkien first used na-, then changed it). It may be prefixed to verbal stems following a noun that is the object of sense-verbs like "see" and "hear" when the verb it is prefixed to describes what happens to this noun, as in man cenuva lumbor ahosta[?] (changed from na-hosta), "who shall see the clouds gather?" (hosta = "gather").

cenya

verb. see, perceive

aiya eldalië ar atanatári, utúlie’n aurë

Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!

Variations

• Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie’n aurë ✧ S/190
• Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utulie’n aurë ✧ WJ/166

tunta-

see, notice, perceive

tunta- "see, notice, perceive", pa.t. túne (QL:95)

helexë

noun. hail

A neologism for “hail” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT) derived from the root √KHELEK, likely modeled after caraxë < √KARAK.

Derivations

• √KHELEK “ice”

alae

interjection. ?behold

Cognates

• Q. ela “behold!”

Element in

• S. alae! ered en Echoriath, ered e·mbar nín “[?behold!] the mountains of Echoriath, the mountains of my home!” ✧ UT/040

Variations

• Alae ✧ UT/040

elo

interjection. behold!

Cognates

• Q. ela “behold!” ✧ WJ/362

Derivations

• ✶el-ā “lo!, look!, see!” ✧ WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ WJ/360

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶el/ele/el-ā > elo!	[elā] > [elǭ] > [elau] > [elo]	✧ WJ/360

Variations

• elo! ✧ WJ/362

alae

interjection. (?) behold!

Uncertain meaning, but compare with Quenya ela! "imperative exclamation directing sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)

lo

lo

tíra-

verb. to see

tíra-

verb. to see

Element in

• S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
• ᴺS. tírad “vision, seeing”

tírad

gerund noun. to see, for the seing

ai!

hail

! (interjection) ai! _(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel_s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)

ai!

hail

(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel’s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)

cened

seeing

(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.

gwachaedir

seeing stone

(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****

cen

verb. see

cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)

cen

see

(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.

ela

interjection. behold!

Cognates

• Q. ela “behold!” ✧ WJ/362

Derivations

• ✶el-ā “lo!, look!, see!” ✧ WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ WJ/360

Variations

• ela! ✧ WJ/362

el

root. lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky

Tolkien introduced ᴹ√EL as the basis for Elvish star-words in The Etymologies of the 1930s at the same time as he devised a new etymology for the words for “Elf” as the “Star-Folk” using an extended form of this root ᴹ√ELED (Ety/EL, ELED). The extended root √ELED seems to have survived at least up until around 1950, where it appear among list of examples of roots for Elvish tribal names, with deleted variant √EDEL (PE18/84). But later on the extended form seems to have fallen away, at least as the basis for Elf-words, being replaced in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 by the root √DEL “walk, go, proceed, travel” and its Quenya-only variant √LED.

In the Quendi and Eldar essay, the words for “Elf” were recontextualized as a blend of the senses “star” and “departure”, referring to Elves both as the people of the stars and the specific group of the Eldar as those Elves who left for Aman (WJ/362-3). In these same notes Tolkien said that ele originated first as an interjection meaning “lo!, behold!”, as uttered when the Elves first beheld the stars (WJ/360). In this sense, it might have been a partial restoration of a (hypothetical) early root ✱ᴱ√ELE used for various words of wonderment and “otherness” in the 1910s and 20s; see that entry for details.

Derivatives

• ✶ēl “star” ✧ WJ/360
  • Q. él “star” ✧ WJ/360
  • T. él “star” ✧ WJ/360
• ✶el-ā “lo!, look!, see!” ✧ WJ/360
  • Q. ela “behold!” ✧ WJ/360
  • S. elo “behold!” ✧ WJ/360
  • T. ela “behold!” ✧ WJ/360
• ✶eledā “star-folk, of the stars” ✧ Let/281
  • Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ Let/281; PE17/141; SA/êl; WJ/360; WJ/364; WJ/364
  • S. Ell “Elf” ✧ PE17/141
    • S. Elleth “Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141
    • S. Ellon “Elf-man” ✧ PE17/141
  • S. Eledh “Elf” ✧ Let/281; PE17/140; PE17/141; PE17/142
  • S. Ell “Elf” ✧ PE17/141; WJ/360
  • S. Elleth “Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141
  • S. Ellon “Elf-man” ✧ PE17/141
  • T. Ella “Elf” ✧ WJ/360
• ✶elen “star” ✧ Let/281; PE17/067; VT42/11; WJ/360
  • ✶elenā “connected with or concerning the stars” ✧ PE17/139
  • Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ PE17/139; PE17/152
    • S. Ell “Elf” ✧ PE17/141
    • S. Elleth “Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141
    • S. Ellon “Elf-man” ✧ PE17/141
  • Q. elenya “adjective referring to the stars, *of the stars, stellar” ✧ WJ/360
  • S. Eledh “Elf” ✧ PE17/139; WJ/360
  • Q. elen “star” ✧ PE17/067; PE17/151; WJ/360
  • S. êl “star” ✧ PE17/067; PE17/139; PE22/150; WJ/360
  • T. elen “star” ✧ WJ/360
• Q. él “star” ✧ PM/340
• Q. elen “star” ✧ PE17/151; PM/340; RGEO/65; SA/êl
• S. êl “star” ✧ Let/281; RGEO/65; SA/êl

Element in

• ᴺ✶. ELEM “wonder, marvel”
• ᴺ✶. ELEK “different, strange; other”
• ✶Elmō “Venus”
• √MENEL “heavens, firmament, heavens, firmament, [ᴹ√] sky”
• Q. Elwë ✧ PM/340
• S. menel “the heavens, firmament, region of the stars” ✧ RGEO/64

Variations

• el- ✧ PM/340; VT42/11
• el ✧ RGEO/64
• ele ✧ SA/êl
• ELE ✧ WJ/360

ai

interjection. hail

Element in

• N. Ai, Du-finnion ✧ RS/361
• N. Ai, Padathir, Padathir “Hail, Trotter, Trotter” ✧ RS/198

Variations

• Ai ✧ RS/198; RS/361

cen-

verb. to see