tulu- vb. "fetch, bring, bear; move, come" (LT1:270; compare tulta- in Tolkien's later Quenya)
Quenya
tul-
come
tul-
verb. come
lenna-
verb. to come, to come; [ᴹQ.] to go, depart
Cognates
- S. glenna- “*to travel”
Derivations
- √LED “go, proceed, go, proceed, [ᴹ√] fare, travel” ✧ PE17/139
Element in
- Q. i·oromandi tanna lendë “*the wood-spirits came thither” ✧ PE16/096
- Q. lendes lann’ i sír “he came (to a point) beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
- Q. lendes pallan(na) i sír “he came (to a point) far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
- Q. lendë tanna Nieliccilis “*thither came little Niéle” ✧ PE16/096
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √LED > (e)lende [lende] ✧ PE17/139
tul-
verb. to come, to come, [ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit
Derivations
- √TUL “come, approach, move towards (point of speaker), come, approach, [ᴹ√] move towards (point of speaker); [ᴱ√] fetch, bear, bring; (originally) uphold, support, bear, carry”
Element in
- Q. [[q|[?it/itē] kestallen, tuluvanye]] “if you ask me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/138
- Q.
(ai)que kestanellen, (ai) tullenye“if you had asked me, I should have come” ✧ PE22/139 ({(au)que >>} (ai)que kestanellen, (ai) tullenye)- Q. [[q|aite[?] kestuvallen, tuluvanye]] “now supposing you asked me, a thing unlikely {or ridiculous} to suppose...” ✧ PE22/138
- Q.
ai tulinye sinar (entan)“I may come today (tomorrow)” ✧ PE22/139 (ai tulinye sinar (entan))- Q.
ai tuluvanye“I may come” ✧ PE22/138 (ai tuluvanye)- Q. aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie’n aurë “Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
- Q. aranielya na tuluva “thy kingdom come” ✧ VT43/14; VT43/14; VT43/14; VT43/14
- Q. á tule “do come!” ✧ PE22/140
- Q. au túlielde (las)! “if only you had come (were here)” ✧ PE22/140
- Q.
au tuluvanye“I wish/would I were coming” ✧ PE22/138 (au tuluvanye)- Q. cé tulis, ní nauva tanomë “*if he/she comes, I will be there” ✧ VT49/19
- Q. cé tulis, tanomë nauvan “*if he/she comes, I will be there” ✧ VT49/19
- Q. entul- “to come again, *return”
- Q. et Eärello Endorenna utúlien “Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth I am come” ✧ LotR/0967; PE17/103
- ᴺQ. etulya- “to pour forth, pour out”
- Q. hótul- “to come away” ✧ WJ/368
- Q. itas la tuluvanyë “in that case I shan’t come (something will prevent me)” ✧ PE22/162
- Q. itas vá tuluvanyë “in that case I won’t come” ✧ PE22/162
- ᴺQ. maitulië “welcome thing, happy arrival”
- ᴺQ. maitulya “welcome”
- Q. alatulya “welcome”
- Q. nauva túlë “he will try to come” ✧ PE22/151
- Q. quenten tulil márië nin “I said: you come happily (for me)” ✧ PE22/158
- Q. quīlas tūleste san inye tūle “*suppose he came (he did not), then I came” ✧ PE22/140; PE22/140
- Q. quíta céla tuldes, quíta ✧ PE22/158
- Q. quí(ta) la tuldes, nánë márië (nin) “[if he had not come], it was well to me (I was glad)” ✧ PE22/158
- ᴺQ. túlima “[ᴱQ.] bringable, worth bringing, able to be brought”
- ᴺQ. tulussë “future tense, (lit.) coming tense”
- Q. tulusta “advent, arrival”
- Q. tulya- “to lead, to lead; [ᴱQ.] to bring, send”
- Q. utúlie’n aurë “The day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
- Q. vá tulinye ✧ PE22/162
- Q. vá tuluvanyë “I won’t come” ✧ PE22/162
- Q. vá tuluvásë “he is not to come, he shan’t come” ✧ PE22/162
- ᴺQ. etetulië “outcome”
Variations
- Utúlie ✧ S/190
- utúlie ✧ S/190
- tul ✧ VT49/23
men-
verb. to go, proceed, move (generally); to come, arrive
Changes
men-→ men- “go, come” ✧ PE17/013Derivations
- √MEN “go, move, proceed (in any direction); make for, go towards; have as object, (in)tend; direction, object, point moved toward; region” ✧ VT49/23
Element in
- Q. alamen “good omen on departure”
- Q. Haimenar “*Far-farer”
- Q. Ambarmenië “Way of the World”
- Q. á menë amménië “proceed with more determination” ✧ PE17/094; PE17/094
- Q. Ermenië “One Beginning”
- ᴺQ. etemen- “to go out, go forth”
- Q. imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië “between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon” ✧ VT47/11
- ᴺQ. menemma “movie, motion picture”
- Q. mennen sís “I arrive[d] here” ✧ VT49/24
- Q. menta- “to send, cause to go (in a desired direction)”
- Q. menta- “have as object[ive], (in)tend, proceed, make for, go towards” ✧ PE17/013
- Q. mentië “passage, journey, direction of travel” ✧ PE17/013
- Q. nanwen- “to return, go/come back”
- Q. omen- “to move to a common point, meet, to meet, move to a common point, *(lit.) move together” ✧ PE17/013
- Q. omentië “meeting (of pathways), (lit.) coming together of journey-path, meeting or junction of the directions of two people” ✧ PE17/013
- Q. quiquië menin coaryanna, arsë “whenever I arrive at his house/come to/get to, he is out” ✧ VT49/24
- Q. vá ménanyë “I am not coming (I say)” ✧ PE22/162
- Q. vá meninyë ó le “I won’t come with you” ✧ PE22/162
- Q. yá hríve menë, ringa ná “when winter comes/arrives/is with us, it is cold” ✧ VT49/24
- Q. yomenië “meeting, gathering, meeting, gathering, *congress”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √men- > mēna- [mēna-] ✧ VT49/23
tulu-
fetch, bring, bear; move, come
á
immediate time reference
a (3), also á, imperative particle. An imperative with "immediate time reference" is expressed by á in front of the verb (or "occasionally after it, sometimes before and after for emphasis"), with the verb following in "the simplest form also used for the uninflected aorist without specific time reference past or present or future" (PE17:93). Cf. a laita te, laita te! "[o] bless them, bless them!", á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally "o rule Manwë!" (see laita, vala for reference); cf. also á carë "do[!]", á ricë "try!", á lirë "sing[!]", á menë "proceed[!]", a norë "run[!]" (PE17:92-93, notice short a in this example), á tula "come!" (VT43:14). In the last example, the verb tul- "come" receives an ending -a that probably represents the _suffixed form of the imperative particle, this apparently being an example of the imperative element occurring both "before and after" the verbal stem "for emphasis" (PE17:93)_. This ending may also appear on its own with no preceding a/á, as in the command queta "speak!" (PE17:138). Other examples of imperatives with suffixed -a include cena and tira (VT47:31, see cen-, tir-); the imperatives of these same verbs are however also attested as á tirë, á cenë (PE17:94) with the imperative particle remaining independent and the following verb appearing as an uninflected aorist stem. This aorist can be plural to indicate a 3rd person pl. subject: á ricir! "let them try!" (PE17:93). Alyë (VT43:17, VT44:9) seems to be the imperative particle a with the pronominal suffix -lyë "you, thou" suffixed to indicate the subject who is to carry out the command; attested in the phrase alyë anta "give thou" (elided aly' in VT43:11, since the next word begins in e-: aly' eterúna me, *"do thou deliver us"); presumably other pronominal suffixes could likewise be added. The particle a is also present in the negative imperatives ala, #ála or áva, q.v.
tul- vb. "come" (WJ:368), 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" (TUL), 3rd pers. sg. tulis "(s)he comes" (VT49:19), perfect utúlië "has come" (utúlien "I am come", EO), utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" (the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come"). Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva* "may thy kingdom come" (VT44:32/34), literally apparently "thy kingdom, be-it-that (it) will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" (LT1:114, 270, VT49:57) and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"(LT1:114, 270). Read probably utúlieltë, Eldar utúlier** in LotR-style Quenya.