A word appearing in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s (PE22/22) and 1940s (PE22/52) with the glosses “high mountain, peak”. It appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a proper name Antaro for a mountain in Valinor, but this name did not appear in the narratives or the maps (EtyAC/N, TĀ). Based on the entries in The Etymologies, it is an intensive noun form of ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high”, so literally means “*great height”.
Qenya
á
particle. imperative particle
Variations
- ā ✧ PE22/105
- á ✧ PE22/126; PE22/127
- A ✧ SD/047
Element in
- ᴹQ. á e tule, ási e tule ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. á he mittar “let them come in” ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. á he tuluvar “let them come” ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. á kela karit “do not make it!” ✧ PE22/127
- ᴹQ. á kela naikea “don’t be cruel” ✧ PE22/126
- ᴹQ. á ke·tule ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. á lá “don’t do it” ✧ PE22/105
- Q. a laita te, laita te “bless them, bless them” ✧ SD/047
- ᴹQ. a laituvar, laituvar “praise them” ✧ SD/047
- ᴹQ. ā laituva i·aran “(long[?]) live[?] [the] k[ing?]” ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. (á) láte “don’t do it!” ✧ PE22/126
- ᴹQ. á le·láte “{now} don’t you do it!” ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. á le·tule ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. á le·tulir ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. á(si) he tulir ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. ási le·kare “come now, do it (please)” ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. ási, sí “come now, now” ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. ási tule “come now!” ✧ PE22/105
- ᴹQ. he tulir á ✧ PE22/105
ananta
conjunction. but yet, and yet
Variations
- a-nanta ✧ Ety/NDAN
Derivations
- ᴹ√(N)DAN “back, backwards” ✧ Ety/NDAN
Element in
- ᴹQ. ananta úva táre fárea, ufárea “but yet it will not be enough, not enough” ✧ LR/072
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NDAN > a-nanta [a-ndanta] > [a-nanta] ✧ Ety/NDAN
andatelko
noun. long stem, long leg
Variations
- anda telko ✧ PE22/022; PE22/051
avalóna
place name. Outer Isle
Elements
Word Gloss ava “outside, beyond; outer, exterior” lóna “island, remote land difficult to reach”
ninqitáre
noun. whitening, whitewashing
Variations
- niñqitáre ✧ PE22/110
Elements
Word Gloss ninqita- “to whiten, make white; to shine white” -(á)re “general action verbal suffix”
tintila-
verb. *to sparkle
Element in
- ᴹQ. elli yas atintilar “wherein the stars tremble” ✧ VT28/11 (
elli yas atintilar*)- ᴹQ. yassen elli atintillinar “*wherein the stars tremble” ✧ VT28/11
- ᴹQ. yasse tintilar i eleni “*wherein the stars tremble” ✧ VT28/11
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -atintilar aorist plural - ✧ VT28/11 atintillinar aorist plural - ✧ VT28/11 tintilar aorist plural - ✧ VT28/11
angwion ie uman enwa
the existence of dragons at one time (is) a fact
Variations
- Angwion ie uman enwa ✧ PE22/124
kalaqendi
collective name. *Light Elves
Variations
- Kalaquendi ✧ PE19/029
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Kalaqendi plural “Light-elves” ✧ LR/197
mindon
noun. (isolated) tower
Variations
- mindo ✧ Ety/MINI; PE21/08
Derivations
- ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. koromindo “cupola, dome”
- ᴹQ. Menelmin(do) “Pillar of Heaven”
- ᴹQ. Ingwemindon “Tower of Ingwë” ✧ LR/222
- ᴹQ. Tiristemindon “Minas Tirith” ✧ PE22/125
- ᴹQ. Tirmindon
- ᴹQ. Larmindon
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MINI > mindo [mindon] ✧ Ety/MINI
nolwe
noun. wisdom, (secret) lore
Variations
- ñolwe ✧ Ety/ÑGOL; EtyAC/ÑGOL
- ŋolwe ✧ PE22/022
Changes
nolwe→ ñolwe ✧ Ety/ÑGOLDerivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGOL > ñolwe [ŋgolwe] > [ŋolwe] > [nolwe] ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
au(ve)
adverb. might (have), would (have)
Variations
- auve ✧ PE22/120; PE22/121
- au ✧ PE22/120; PE22/121
Element in
- ᴹQ. auve e·kestanen, au ni·túlie “if he had asked me, I might have come” ✧ PE22/121; PE22/121
- ᴹQ. auve e·kestanen (ela!) “would he have asked me!” ✧ PE22/121
artuile
noun. dayspring, early morn
Elements
Word Gloss are “day” tuile “spring, spring-time”
nandele
noun. harping, *repetition
Variations
- ñandele ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Element in
- ᴹQ. vorongandele “continual repetition, (lit.) harping on one tune”
Elements
Word Gloss nande “harp” -le “abstract noun”
ainulindale
proper name. Music of the Ainur
Variations
- Ainulindalë ✧ LR/156; SDI2/Ainulindalë; TII/Ainulindalë
Elements
Word Gloss Ainu “holy one, angelic spirit” lindale “music”
antaro
noun. high mountain, peak, high mountain, peak, *(lit.) great height
Variations
- Antaro ✧ EtyAC/N; EtyAC/TĀ
Elements
Word Gloss an- “intensive prefix” tára “lofty, high”
lor-
verb. to sleep, to sleep, [ᴱQ.] slumber
Derivations
- ᴹ√
(O)LOR“sleep; dream”Element in
- ᴹQ. Eldar ando kakainen loralyar Koivienenissen “the Elves were long lying asleep at Koivienéni” ✧ VT27/07
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source loralyar imperfect-participle plural “asleep” ✧ VT27/07
nandelle
noun. little harp, little harp, *lyre
Variations
- ñandelle ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Cognates
Elements
Word Gloss nande “harp” ?
avarin
proper name. language(s) of the Avari
Elements
Word Gloss Avar(o) “Refuser, One who does not go forth” -rin “-ian, racial-adjective, language”
alta-
verb. to (make) grow
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ EtyAC/GAL²; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAL² > alta- [galta-] > [ɣalta-] > [alta-] ✧ EtyAC/GAL²
elli yas atintilar
*wherein the stars tremble
Changes
elli yas atintilar→ yasse tintilar i{n} eleni ✧ VT28/11
yasse tintilar i eleni
*wherein the stars tremble
Variations
- yasse tintilar i{n} eleni ✧ VT28/11
ante
noun. giver (f.)
Derivations
- ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
Element in
- ᴹQ. Aryante “Day-bringer” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ANA¹ > ante [ante] ✧ Ety/ANA¹
anto
noun. giver (m.)
Derivations
- ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ANA¹ > anto [anto] ✧ Ety/ANA¹
fasta-
verb. to tangle
Variations
- fasta- ✧ Ety/PHAS
Derivations
- ᴹ√PHAS “*tangle, shag, fringe” ✧ Ety/PHAS
Element in
- ᴺQ. alafasta “tidy, orderly”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√PHAS > fasta- [pʰasta-] > [ɸasta-] > [fasta-] ✧ Ety/PHAS
alaninqitálima
adjective. that cannot be made white (again)
Variations
- alaniñkwitálima ✧ PE22/111
Elements
Word Gloss al(a)- “not, negative prefix” ninqita- “to whiten, make white; to shine white” -ima “able to be done, -able, -ible”
ata
adverb. again, *(lit.) a second time
Derivations
- ᴹ√AT “back, again, twice; two” ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AT(AT) > ata [ata] ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
aule
masculine name. Cræftfréa
Variations
- Aulë ✧ LRI/Aulë; SDI2/Aulë; SM/208; SMI/Aulë
Cognates
- N. Gaul “Aule” ✧ Ety/GAWA
aule
noun. invention
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAW “think out, devise, contrive” ✧ Ety/GAWA
Element in
- ᴹQ. Aule “Cræftfréa” ✧ Ety/GAWA
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAWA > aule [gaule] > [ɣaule] > [aule] ✧ Ety/GAWA
ette
pronoun. he (emphatic)
Variations
- ette ✧ PE22/121; PE22/122
Element in
- ᴹQ. aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú “if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too” ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. íqa ette tule, (san) inye tule “when(ever) hé comes, Í come” ✧ PE22/121
are veruen
proper name. Day of the Spouses, third day of the Valian week
The Quenya name for the 3rd day of the Valian 5-day week, a combination of are “day” and the genitive of dual form veru “spouses”, referring to Aule and Yavanna (Ety/BES, LEP).
Variations
- Arveruen ✧ Ety/BES
- (Ar(e))Veruen ✧ Ety/LEP
- (Ar)Veruen ✧ EtyAC/LEP
Cognates
- N. Ar Vedhwen “Day of the Spouses, third day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/LEP
Elements
Word Gloss are “day” veru “husband and wife, married pair”
a
pronoun. it, one, indefinite subject
Variations
- -a ✧ PE21/66
- a ✧ PE22/094; PE22/107 (a); PE22/108; PE22/123 (a); PE22/124; PE22/125
Derivations
- ᴹ✶ga “indefinite subject” ✧ PE21/66; PE22/094
Element in
- ᴹQ. ampanaina i·már a·tatallanes “While it was being built people marveled at the house” ✧ PE22/108
- ᴹQ. (a)·matis “it is eaten (one eats it)” ✧ PE22/107
- ᴹQ. ha mólome a·ndake poldórear “it is hard work to kill the strong” ✧ PE22/123
- ᴹQ. i·nér né raiqa ar sí aphasta “the man was angry but now is in good humor (lit. it pleases him)” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. masse akime aldar “where are the trees (to be found)” ✧ PE22/125
- ᴹQ. vahaia nóre ëa i a-esta Valinor “far away (there) is a land called Valinor” ✧ PE22/124
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶-ʒa > -a [ɣa] > [a] ✧ PE21/66 ᴹ✶ga > a [ga] > [ɣa] > [a] ✧ PE22/094
an-
prefix. intensive prefix
Variations
- an ✧ EtyAC/A; PE18/042; PE19/055
- am ✧ EtyAC/A; PE18/042; PE19/055
- añ ✧ EtyAC/A; PE19/055
- um ✧ EtyAC/N
- iñ ✧ EtyAC/N
- aŋ ✧ PE18/042
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. ampano “building (especially of wood), wooden hall, construction, edifice” ✧ EtyAC/N
- ᴹQ. Ankale “Radiant-one, Sun, (lit.) The Very Bright” ✧ EtyAC/A; EtyAC/N
- ᴹQ. antaro “high mountain, peak, high mountain, peak, *(lit.) great height” ✧ EtyAC/N
- ᴹQ. parka “dry; thirsty” ✧ EtyAC/A
- ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high” ✧ EtyAC/N
- ᴹQ. unqale “death agony, agony, death” ✧ EtyAC/N
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√A > an [an-] ✧ EtyAC/A ᴹ√N- > an- [ṇd-] > [and-] ✧ EtyAC/N ᴹ√N- > um [ṃb-] > [umb-] ✧ EtyAC/N ᴹ√N- > iñ [ŋ̣g-] > [iŋg-] ✧ EtyAC/N ᴹ√nŏ- > nǝ > ṇ > an [ṇd-] > [and-] ✧ PE19/055
ma
adverb. interrogative particle
Derivations
- √MA “interrogative base, interrogative base; [ᴱ√] root of indef[inite]”
Element in
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Manna allative “whither” ✧ PE22/124 Mallo ablative “whence” ✧ PE22/124
an(a)
preposition. to, towards
Variations
- an/ana/na ✧ Ety/N¹
- na ✧ EtyAC/N¹ (
na); VT27/10Changes
na→ an/ana/na “at, by, near” ✧ Ety/N¹Derivatives
- ᴹQ. ana- “to, towards” ✧ Ety/N¹
Derivations
- ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards” ✧ Ety/N¹
Cognates
- N. na “with, by; of” ✧ Ety/N¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√N¹ > an/ana/na [nā] > [na] ✧ Ety/N¹
anta-
verb. to give
Variations
- anta ✧ EtyAC/YAN² (anta)
Derivations
Cognates
- N. anna- “to give” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
Element in
- ᴹQ. ar antaróta mannar Valion: númessier “and he gave it into the hands of the Lords: they are in the West” ✧ LR/072
- ᴹQ. e man antaváro “what will he give indeed” ✧ LR/063
- ᴹQ. ilyain antalto annar lestanen Ilúvatáren “to all they gave in measure the gifts of Ilúvatar” ✧ LR/072; LR/072
- ᴹQ. kavinye antās “I can give it” ✧ PE22/092 (
ni·kave antās); PE22/092- ᴹQ. man táre antáva nin Ilúvatar, Ilúvatar? “what will the Father, O Father, give me” ✧ LR/072
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶anta- > anta- [anta] ✧ Ety/ANA¹ ᴹ√YAN² > anta [janta] > [anta] ✧ EtyAC/YAN² Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source antaváro future 3rd-sg-masc “will he give” ✧ LR/063 antaróta present 3rd-sg-masc with-sg-object “he gave it” ✧ LR/072 [past tense in the gloss conflicts with form] antar present plural “they gave” ✧ LR/072 [past tense in the gloss conflicts with form] antáva future “will ... give” ✧ LR/072 antalto present 3rd-pl “they gave” ✧ LR/072 [past tense in the gloss conflicts with form] e·anta aorist 3rd-sg “he gives” ✧ PE22/044 antās aorist with-sg-object “give it” ✧ PE22/092
nissa
noun. lady
Derivations
- ᴹ√NIS “woman”
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source saksin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/07
soron
noun. eagle
Variations
- sorne ✧ Ety/THOR
Derivations
- ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” ✧ Ety/THOR
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. Sorni Númenvalion anner “the Eagles of the Powers of the West are at hand” ✧ SD/290
- ᴹQ. Es sorni heruion an “the Eagles of the Lords are at hand” ✧ SD/290
- ᴹQ. Soroni númenheruen ettuler “*the Eagles of the Western Lords are coming forth” ✧ SD/290
- ᴹQ. Sorontar “King of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√THÓRON > sorne [tʰorone] > [tʰorne] > [θorne] > [sorne] ✧ Ety/THOR Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source sorni plural - ✧ Ety/THOR; SD/290 sornen genitive - ✧ Ety/THOR soron nominative “eagle” ✧ PE21/34 sorona accusative - ✧ PE21/34 soronen dative - ✧ PE21/34 sorono genitive - ✧ PE21/34 sorunwen instrumental - ✧ PE21/34 sorunta allative - ✧ PE21/34 †soronunta allative - ✧ PE21/34 soronullo ablative - ✧ PE21/34 †[sor]ullo ablative - ✧ PE21/34 soronesse locative - ✧ PE21/34 sorunwa possessive - ✧ PE21/34 sorundon similative - ✧ PE21/34 †soronundon similative - ✧ PE21/34 soronunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/34 soronin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/34 †sorulli nominative plural - ✧ PE21/34 soronar dative - ✧ PE21/34 Sorni plural “Eagles” ✧ SD/290 Soroni plural - ✧ SD/290
a laituvar, laituvar
praise them
Variations
- A laituvar, laituvar ✧ SD/047
Changes
- A laituvar, laituvar → A laita te, laita te “praise them” ✧ SD/047
e
pronoun. he, she, it
Variations
- é ✧ PE22/121 (
é)Changes
é→ ette “hé” ✧ PE22/121Derivations
- ᴹ✶e “he, she, it”
Cognates
- S. e “he”
Element in
- ᴹQ. á e tule, ási e tule ✧ PE22/106
- ᴹQ. á e·ndanne anda né “Oh! he went back long ago” ✧ PE22/096
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·túlie ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet “if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121; PE22/121
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen, en(ai) ni·túlie/karnet “if he had asked me, I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva “If he asked me/were to ask me, I should come” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. auve e·kestanen, au ni·túlie “if he had asked me, I might have come” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. auve e·kestanen (ela!) “would he have asked me!” ✧ PE22/121; PE22/121
- ᴹQ. efarále “[he] hunts you” ✧ PE22/110
- ᴹQ. e tul’á ✧ PE22/106
- ᴹQ. e·kestane ataretta karithe “he asked his father to do it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. e·lirute (lirus) “he sings it” ✧ PE22/116
- ᴹQ. e·merne ataretta tule “he wished his father to come” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. illume e·kestanen/kestanelyanen, ni·tulle “when/if he (had) asked me, I came” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. már akárielya e utúlie “*having built a house he has come” ✧ PE22/108
- ᴹQ.
már akárielya e·tuve“he finds a house that is already built” ✧ PE22/108 (már akárielya e·tuve)- ᴹQ.
már akárielya e·utúvie“he has found a house that is already built” ✧ PE22/108 (már akárielya e·utúvie)- ᴹQ. már karnelya e·tulle “having built a house he came” ✧ PE22/108
- ᴹQ.
már karnelya e·túve“he found a house that had been (already) built” ✧ PE22/108 (már karnelya e·túve)- ᴹQ. mennai Orome tanna lende i erenekkoitanie “until Orome came hither that he might awake them” ✧ VT27/07
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tule “I said he is coming, I said (that) he was coming” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tulle “I said he came, I stated that (at some time previous to my speaking) he came (but was no longer present)” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·utúlie “I said he had come” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qete (sa) e·tule “I say (that) he is coming” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·karithe “I wish him to do it/that he do(es) it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·tule “I wish him to come/that he come(s)” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tule, (san) inye tule yú “if/when he comes, I come too” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tulle, (san) inye tulle yú “if/when he came, I came too” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. qe e·kárie i kirya aldaryas, ni kauva kiryasta menelyas “if he finishes the boat by Monday, I shall be able to sail on Wednesday” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. qe e·kestan/kestuvan ni·tuluva “if he asks me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/097
- ᴹQ. qe e·kestanen, ni·tulle “if he asked me I came” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. qe e·kestan, ni·tuluva “if he asks me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. qe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva “when he asks me, I shall come; if on some future occasion he asks me, then on that occasion I shall come” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. Rana núresse orta silia; en e·orta silia! “The Moon at night rises shining; there it rises shining!” ✧ PE22/100
- ᴹQ. tasse e·orta silalya “there it rises shining” ✧ PE22/100
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ie stative - ✧ PE22/123 éne stative-past - ✧ PE22/123
he tulir á
he tulir á
Variations
- he tulir ā́ ✧ PE22/106
laitalle, laitalle
praise them
Variations
- Laitalle, laitalle ✧ SD/047
Changes
- Laitalle, laitalle → A laituvar, laituvar “praise them” ✧ SD/047
númenóre
place name. Westernesse
Variations
- Númenor ✧ LR/014; LR/025; LR/072; LRI/Númenor; RS/215; RSI/Númenor; SDI1/Númenor; SDI2/Númenor; TII/Númenor; WRI/Númenor
- nūmenōre ✧ LR/047
- nūmenor ✧ LR/056
- Númenórë ✧ LRI/Númenor; TII/Númenor
- Númenórea ✧ PE22/019
- Nūmenōre/Nūmenor ✧ SD/240
- númenóre ✧ SD/247
- númenor/númenóre ✧ SD/303
- Nūmenor/Nūmenōre ✧ SD/305
- Nūmenōre ✧ SD/310
- Nūmenōrē ✧ SD/343
- Nûmenôrë ✧ SD/361
Cognates
- Ad. Anadûnê “Westernesse” ✧ SD/240; SD/305; SD/361
Element in
- ᴹQ. ar Sauron túle nukumna Númenórenna “and Sauron came humbled to Númenor” ✧ LR/056
- ᴹQ. írima ye Númenor “lovely is Númenor” ✧ LR/072
- ᴹQ. Nuaran Númenen “Lord of the West” ✧ LR/060
- ᴹQ. Númenóre ataltane “Númenor fell down” ✧ LR/047; LR/056; SD/247; SD/310
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source nūmenorenna allative “to-Númenor” ✧ LR/056 Númenóren genitive “of the West” ✧ LR/060
áratenkele
noun. writing of A, (lit.) daywriting
Variations
- árateñkele ✧ PE22/047
ólamaite
adjective. consonantal
Element in
- ᴹQ. Attólamaite “biconsonantal”
- ᴹQ. Erólamaite “uniconsonantal” ✧ PE18/033
- ᴹQ. Nelólamaite “triconsonantal”
Elements
Word Gloss ólama “consonant” -ite “(verbal) adjective ending”
aldalemnar
proper name. Week of the Trees
Name of a holiday week in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/LEP), a compound of alda “tree” and lemnar “week” (Ety/GALAD, LEP).
Cognates
- N. Galadlevnar “Week of the Trees” ✧ Ety/LEP
Elements
Word Gloss alda “tree” lemnar “(Valarin five-day) week”
losse
noun. (white) blossom, flower
Derivations
- ᴹ√LOT(H) “flower” ✧ Ety/GOLÓS; Ety/LOT(H)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LOS > losse [lotʰse] > [loθse] > [losse] ✧ Ety/GOLÓS
aista-
verb. to dread
Variations
- aista ✧ EtyAC/GÁYAS
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶gais- > aista- [gaista-] > [ɣaista-] > [aista-] ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
aiwe
noun. (small) bird
Derivations
- ᴹ√AIWĒ “(small) bird” ✧ Ety/AIWĒ
Cognates
- N. aew “(small) bird” ✧ Ety/AIWĒ
Element in
- ᴹQ. Aiwenóre “Birdland, lower air” ✧ Ety/AIWĒ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AIWĒ > aiwe [aiwē] > [aiwe] > [aiwe] ✧ Ety/AIWĒ
aldar olar sana nóresse
trees grow in that land
Variations
- aldar {alar >>} olar i·nóresse ✧ PE22/116 (
aldar {alar >>} olar i·nóresse)Changes
aldar {alar >>} olar i·nóresse→ aldar olar sana nóresse “trees grow {on earth >>} in the land” ✧ PE22/116Elements
Word Gloss alda “tree” ola- “to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become” sana “that” nóre “land, country, region where certain people live; clan, race, folk, kindred”
andon
noun. great gate, great gate, [ᴱQ.] door, gate
Cognates
- N. annon “great gate, door” ✧ Ety/AD
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source andondi plural - ✧ Ety/AD
andúnie
place name. Sunset(land)
Variations
- Andúnië ✧ LR/014; LR/025; LRI/Andúnië; SD/333; SDI2/Andúnië
- Undúnië ✧ SD/333 (
Undúnië); SDI2/Andúnië (Undúnië)- Andūniē ✧ SD/344
Changes
Undúnië→ Andúnië ✧ SD/333Undúnië→ Andúnië ✧ SDI2/AndúniëElements
Word Gloss andúne “sunset” -ie “abstract noun”
arkandavā-le qantamalle tūlier
arkandavā-le qantamalle tūlier
Element in
- ᴹQ. Namárië, draft
astula
adjective. bony
Element in
- ᴹQ. Astulat “Bony Ridge” ✧ PE21/27
at(a)-
prefix. back, again, re-
Variations
- ata- ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
- at- ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
- atta- ✧ Ety/TATA (
atta-)Derivations
- ᴹ√AT “back, again, twice; two” ✧ Ety/AT(AT); Ety/TATA
Cognates
- N. ad- “back, again, re-” ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
Element in
- ᴹQ. attul- “to come back, return”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AT(AT) > ata- [ata-] ✧ Ety/AT(AT) ᴹ√AT(AT) > atta- [atta-] ✧ Ety/TATA
a yonya inye tye-méla
and I too, my son, I love thee
Variations
- A yonya inye tye-méla ✧ LR/061
kaita-
verb. to lie
Derivations
- ᴹ√KAY “lie (down)” ✧ PE22/126
Element in
- ᴹQ. Eldar ando kakainen loralyar Koivienenissen “the Elves were long lying asleep at Koivienéni” ✧ VT27/07
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KAY > kaita- [kaita-] ✧ PE22/126 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source kakainen past “were lying” ✧ VT27/07
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
Variations
laqe[t]✧ EtyAC/LA (laqe[t])Elements
Word Gloss lá “no, not” qet- “to say”
halatir(no)
noun. kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as halatir(no) “fish-watcher, kingsfisher”, a combination of ᴹQ. hala “fish” and an agental form ᴹQ. tirno “watcher” of the root ᴹ√TIR “watch” (Ety/SKAL², TIR). Fish-watcher is the literal translation of the name, and kingfisher is the name of the terrestrial species.
Variations
- halatir ✧ Ety/KHAL¹ (
halatir); Ety/TIRDerivations
- ᴹ✶khalatirnō̆ “fish watcher” ✧ Ety/TIR
Cognates
- N. heledir(n) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹; Ety/SKAL²; Ety/TIR
Elements
Word Gloss hala “(small) fish” tir- “to watch” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶khalatirnō̆ > halatir [kʰalatirno] > [kʰalatirn] > [xalatirn] > [halatirn] > [halatir] ✧ Ety/TIR Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source halatirnen genitive - ✧ Ety/TIR
ahtumat
noun. supper, supper, *(lit.) maker’s meal
Elements
Word Gloss ahto “wright, maker” mat “food, meal, meal, [ᴱQ.] meal time; [ᴹQ.] food” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ahtumāta accusative - ✧ PE21/32 ahtumatsin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/32; PE21/37 [ahtu]māt stem - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matt stem - ✧ PE21/37 ahtumat nominative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]máta accusative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matta accusative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]máten dative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matten dative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]máto genitive - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matto genitive - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matwen instrumental - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]mátanen instrumental - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]mattanen instrumental - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matta allative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matunta allative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matullo ablative - ✧ PE21/37 †[ahtu]matyo ablative - ✧ PE21/37 †[ahtu]mātulo ablative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matse locative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matesse locative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]mātuva possessive - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]mattuva possessive - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]matundon similative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]mattanon similative - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]mátanon similative - ✧ PE21/37 ahtumátunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/37 ahtumatúmet instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/37 ahtumattumet instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/37 ahtumátulin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/37 [ahtu]mattulin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/37
tárinar
noun. *alternate name of Valanya
Changes
- Tárinar → Tárion ✧ PM/138
Cognates
- N. Ardórin “?Day of Kings” ✧ PM/130
ahto
noun. wright, maker
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶-k’tō > -ahto [aktō] > [axtō] > [axto] ✧ PE18/062 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -ahto suffix “maker, wright” ✧ PE18/062
are fanturion
proper name. Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week
The Quenya name for the 4th day of the Valian 5-day week, a combination of are “day” and the genitive plural of Fantur, the common title of Lórien and Mandos (Ety/LEP).
Variations
- (Ar(e))Fanturion ✧ Ety/LEP
- (Ar)Fanturion ✧ EtyAC/LEP
Cognates
- N. Ar Fennuir “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/LEP
Elements
Word Gloss are “day” Fantur “Lord of Cloud”
attólamaite
proper name. biconsonantal
Elements
Word Gloss atta “two” ólamaite “consonantal” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source attólamaisi plural - ✧ PE18/036
haryon
noun. prince (heir)
Variations
- aryon ✧ EtyAC/ƷAR (
aryon)Changes
aryon→ haryon “heir, prince” ✧ Ety/ƷARDerivations
- ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” ✧ Ety/ƷAR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷAR > haryon [ɣarjon] > [harjon] ✧ Ety/ƷAR
landa
adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad
Variations
- landa ✧ Ety/LAD
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” ✧ Ety/LAD
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAD > landa [landa] ✧ Ety/LAD
nóla
adjective. wise, learned
Variations
- ñóla ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
- nóla ✧ EtyAC/ÑGOL (
nóla)Changes
nóla→ ñóla ✧ Ety/ÑGOLDerivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGOL > ñóla [ŋgōla] > [ŋōla] > [nōla] ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
astulat
place name. Bony Ridge
A name appearing only in linguistic notes from the 1930s (PE21/27, 37), a combination of astula “bony” and hat “ridge”.
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Astulahta allative “to Astulat” ✧ PE21/27 Astulat nominative “Bony Ridge” ✧ PE21/37 Astulahta accusative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahten dative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahto genitive - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtanen instrumental - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahta allative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtunta allative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtyo ablative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtullo ablative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]akse locative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtesse locative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtuva possessive - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtya possessive - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtanon similative - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]aksin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/37 [Astul]ahtulin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/37
orta-
verb. to rise
Variations
- orta- ✧ Ety/ORO
- órt(a) ✧ PE22/106 (órt(a))
- órta ✧ PE22/107; PE22/115
- ort(a) ✧ PE22/114
- orta ✧ PE22/115
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. Rana núresse orta silia; en e·orta silia! “The Moon at night rises shining; there it rises shining!” ✧ PE22/100; PE22/100
- ᴹQ. Rana oronte silalya “The moon rose shining” ✧ PE22/100
- ᴹQ. Rana ortalyane silalya “The moon was rising, shining (as it rose)” ✧ PE22/100
- ᴹQ. tasse e·orta silalya “there it rises shining” ✧ PE22/100
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ORO > orta- [orta-] ✧ Ety/ORO Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source orta aorist “rises” ✧ PE22/100; PE22/100 oronte past “rose” ✧ PE22/100 ortalyane past-imperfect “was rising” ✧ PE22/100 ortuva future “will rise” ✧ PE22/104; PE22/115 ortanwa perfective-participle “having risen on high; exalted” ✧ PE22/106 -ortea active-participle “rising” ✧ PE22/106 ortalya imperfect-participle - ✧ PE22/107; PE22/115 ortuvaina future-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/109 -ortuvanta future-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/109 ortea active-participle “rising, ascendent” ✧ PE22/111; PE22/114 orta aorist - ✧ PE22/114 ortie gerund - ✧ PE22/114 †rontē past “rose” ✧ PE22/115 oronte past “rose” ✧ PE22/115 orontie perfect - ✧ PE22/115 regular but rarer
un-/um-
prefix. intensive prefix with evil sense
Variations
- uñ/um ✧ EtyAC/A
- un/um ✧ EtyAC/A
Element in
- ᴹQ. unqale “death agony, agony, death” ✧ EtyAC/A
ankale
proper name. Radiant-one, Sun, (lit.) The Very Bright
A name of the Sun appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/KAL;EtyAC/A, KAL) and linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/22, 52), apparently a compound of the intensifying prefix an- and some form of the root ᴹ√KAL “shine”.
Variations
- ankale ✧ EtyAC/A; PE22/022; PE22/052
- inkale ✧ EtyAC/N
Elements
Word Gloss an- “intensive prefix” KAL “shine”
eruman
place name. desert N.E. of Valinor
Changes
- Eruman → Araman ✧ MR/123
- Eruman → Araman ✧ MRI/Eruman
- Eruman → Araman ✧ SMI/Araman
- Eruman → Araman ✧ SMI/Eruman
ananta úva táre fárea, ufárea
but yet it will not be enough, not enough
Element in
- ᴹQ. Fíriel’s Song
-ie
suffix. stative suffix
Variations
- -ie ✧ EtyAC/YĒ
Derivations
- ᴹ√YĒ “to be” ✧ EtyAC/YĒ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YĒ > -ie [-ije] > [-ie] ✧ EtyAC/YĒ
arinya
adjective. morning, early
Elements
Word Gloss arin “morning” -ya “adjective suffix”
orta-
verb. to raise, lift
Variations
- orta- ✧ Ety/ORO
- ortā́ ✧ PE22/106 (ortā́); PE22/106 (
ortā́); PE22/114- ortā ✧ PE22/107
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. ortalima “able to be raised”
- ᴹQ. ortare “lifting up”
- ᴹQ. ye ortalya “is raising” ✧ PE22/117
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ORO > orta- [orta-] ✧ Ety/ORO Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ortáva future “will raise” ✧ PE22/104; PE22/105; PE22/109; PE22/117 ortávane past-future - ✧ PE22/105 ortanwa perfective-participle “upraised on high; exalted” ✧ PE22/106 -ortáya active-participle - ✧ PE22/106 seldom used -ortaia active-participle - ✧ PE22/106 seldom used -ortava active-participle - ✧ PE22/106; PE22/117 ortalya imperfect-participle - ✧ PE22/107; PE22/117 ortaina imperfect-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/108 only belonging to causative <i>ortā</i> -ortanta imperfect-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/108 only belonging to causative <i>ortā</i> ortavaina future-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/109 -ortavanta future-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/109 -ortana passive-participle - ✧ PE22/114 ortane past “raised” ✧ PE22/115; PE22/117 orta infinitive - ✧ PE22/117 ortar aorist plural - ✧ PE22/117 ortalme aorist with-1st-pl-object - ✧ PE22/117 ortáte aorist with-sg-object - ✧ PE22/117 ortáre gerund - ✧ PE22/117 ortalye long-perfect “raising” ✧ PE22/117 ortanie perfect - ✧ PE22/117 ortanelye long-perfect - ✧ PE22/117 -ortave gerund - ✧ PE22/117 -ortánie perfect - ✧ PE22/117
á kela karit
do not make it!
Variations
- kela kare ✧ PE22/127 (
kela kare)- á kela karis ✧ PE22/127 (
á kela karis)Changes
kela kare→ á kela karis ✧ PE22/127á kela karis→ á kela karit ✧ PE22/127
ñwe
pronoun. *we (inclusive)
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ñwier stative plural - ✧ PE22/123 ñwiet stative dual - ✧ PE22/123 ñwéner stative-past plural - ✧ PE22/123 ñwénet stative-past dual - ✧ PE22/123
yána
noun. holy place, fane, sanctuary
@@@ used as “shrine, sanctuary” in NQNT
Derivations
- ᴹ√(A)YAN “*holy” ✧ Ety/YAN
Cognates
- N. iaun “holy place, fane, sanctuary, holy place, fane, sanctuary, *shrine, temple” ✧ Ety/YAN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YAN > yána [jānā] > [jāna] ✧ Ety/YAN
(a)larka
adjective. swift, rapid
Variations
- larka ✧ Ety/LAK²; EtyAC/ÁLAK
- alarka ✧ Ety/LAK²; EtyAC/ÁLAK
Derivations
Cognates
- N. lhagr “swift, rapid” ✧ Ety/LAK²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶lakra > larka [lakra] > [larka] ✧ Ety/LAK² ᴹ√ÁLAK > larka [lakra] > [larka] ✧ EtyAC/ÁLAK
alfírima
adjective. immortal
Element in
- ᴹQ. Eldar alphírimar “Elves are Immortals” ✧ PE22/124
Elements
Word Gloss al(a)- “not, negative prefix” fírima “mortal” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alphírimar plural “immortals” ✧ PE22/124
alfírimo
noun. Immortal
Element in
- ᴹQ. Eldar Alphírimor “Elves are Immortals” ✧ PE22/124
Elements
Word Gloss al(a)- “not, negative prefix” Fírimo “Mortal” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Alphírimor plural “Immortals” ✧ PE22/124
ampan-
verb. to build
Element in
- ᴹQ. ampanaina i·már a·tatallanes “While it was being built people marveled at the house” ✧ PE22/108
- ᴹQ. lie tatallaner i·már ampanaina “While it was being built people marveled at the house” ✧ PE22/108
Elements
Word Gloss am- “up” PAN “place, set, fix in place (especially of wood)” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ampanaina imperfect-passive-participle “while it was being built” ✧ PE22/108 -ampananta imperfect-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/108
anarya
noun. Sunday, (lit.) Sun-day
Cognates
- N. Aranor “*Sun-day” ✧ PM/130
aranaite
adjective. *kingly, royal
Element in
- ᴹQ. asea aranaite “*kingsfoil” ✧ WR/394
Elements
Word Gloss aran “king” -ite “(verbal) adjective ending”
ar ulmon
proper name. Day of Ulmo, second day of the Valian week
The Quenya name for the 2nd day of the Valian 5-day week, a combination of are “day” and the genitive of Ulmo (Ety/LEP).
Variations
- (Ar)Ulmon ✧ Ety/LEP
Cognates
- N. Ar Uiar “Day of Ulmo, second day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/LEP
Elements
Word Gloss are “day” Ulmo
ataltare
noun. collapse
Elements
Word Gloss atalta- “to collapse, fall in, fall down, slip down in ruin” -(á)re “general action verbal suffix”
atto
noun. father (hypocoristic)
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. man-ie, atto? “what is it, father?” ✧ LR/059
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶atū > atto [attu] > [atto] ✧ Ety/ATA
ava
adverb/adjective. outside, beyond; outer, exterior
Derivations
- ᴹ√AWA “away, forth; out” ✧ Ety/AWA
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AWA > ava [awa] > [ava] ✧ Ety/AWA
poinesse
noun. ?cleanliness
Derivations
- ᴹ√POY “*clean”
tenna
noun. a letter
Variations
- teñna ✧ PE19/043
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶tekna > teñna [tekna] > [tegna] > [teŋna] > [tenna] ✧ PE19/043
tol-
verb. to stand
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source tolle past “stood” ✧ PE22/117
auta-
verb. to invent, originate, devise
Variations
- auta- ✧ Ety/GAWA
- auta ✧ EtyAC/GAWA
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAW “think out, devise, contrive” ✧ Ety/GAWA
Cognates
- ᴺS. gauda- “to invent, originate, devise”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAWA > auta- [gauta-] > [ɣauta-] > [auta-] ✧ Ety/GAWA
arvalin
place name. Outside Valinor
Changes
- Arvalin → Vastuman ✧ MR/291
- Arvalin → Vastuman ✧ MRI/Arvalin
- Arvalin → Avathar ✧ SMI/Arvalin
- Arvalin → Avathar ✧ SMI/Avathar
Elements
Word Gloss ar- “outside, beside” Valinor “Land of the Valar”
atarinya tye-meláne
my father, I love thee
Variations
- Atarinya tye-meláne ✧ LR/061; LR/070
al-
verb. to thrive
Variations
- ’al ✧ Ety/GALA
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GALA > ’al [gal-] > [ɣal-] > [al-] ✧ Ety/GALA ᴹ√GAL > al- [gal-] > [ɣal-] > [al-] ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
alataire
place name. Great Sea
Another name of the “Great Sea” (N. Belegoer) appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as compound of alta “great (in size)” and aire “sea” (Ety/ÁLAT, AY).
Cognates
- N. Belegoer “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/ÁLAT; Ety/AY
Elements
Word Gloss alta “large, great in size” aire “sea”
alómea
adjective. voiceless
Variations
- Alómea ✧ PE18/030
Elements
Word Gloss al(a)- “not, negative prefix” ómea “voiced” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Alómear plural “voiceless” ✧ PE18/030
andatehta
noun. long mark
Variations
- anda-tehta ✧ PE22/021; PE22/049
Cognates
- N. andeith “long-mark” ✧ Ety/TEK
- On. andatektha “long-mark” ✧ Ety/TEK
Elements
Word Gloss anda “long” tehta “mark (in writing), sign, diacritic”
andul
noun. long pole
Derivations
- ᴹ✶andọl “long pole” ✧ PE21/34
Elements
Word Gloss anda “long” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source andul nominative - ✧ PE21/34 andula accusative - ✧ PE21/34 andulen dative - ✧ PE21/34 andulo genitive - ✧ PE21/34 andulmen instrumental - ✧ PE21/34 andulta allative - ✧ PE21/34 andulunta allative - ✧ PE21/34 andullo ablative - ✧ PE21/34 andulesse locative - ✧ PE21/34 andulwa possessive - ✧ PE21/34 anduldon similative - ✧ PE21/34 andulundon similative - ✧ PE21/34 andulunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/34 andulúment instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/34 †andulmet instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/34 andulin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/34 andullin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/34 andulintan allative plural - ✧ PE21/34 [andul]illon ablative plural - ✧ PE21/34 [andul]issen locative plural - ✧ PE21/34 [andul]indon similative plural - ✧ PE21/34
angulóke
noun. dragon
Cognates
- N. amlug “dragon” ✧ Ety/LOK
Element in
- ᴺQ. angulóceluntë “dragon boat”
Elements
Word Gloss ango “snake, dragon” lóke “dragon”
arkimbele
place name. Rivendell
A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) appearing only in the locative form Arkimbelesse “at Rivendell” in linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/125). The etymology of the name is unclear, but it may be a combination of arka “narrow” and imbe “dell” as suggested to me by Lokyt in a Discord conversation from 2021-08-25.
Variations
- Arkimbelesse ✧ PE22/125
Cognates
- N. Imladris(t) “Rivendell”
Element in
- ᴹQ. sinan Elessar Aran séra Arkimbelesse “at present King Elessar is at Rivendell” ✧ PE22/125
Elements
Word Gloss arka “narrow” imbe “dell, deep vale, ravine, glen”
miksa
adjective. wet, wet, *damp
Variations
- misse ✧ EtyAC/MISK (
misse)Derivations
- ᴹ√MISIK “*wet” ✧ Ety/MISK
Cognates
- N. mesg “wet” ✧ Ety/MISK; EtyAC/MISK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MISK > miksa [miska] > [miksa] ✧ Ety/MISK
taima
noun. extension
Derivations
- ᴹ√TAY “extend, make long(er), stretch”
Element in
- ᴹQ. ómataima “vocalic extension” ✧ PE18/034
andalúme
adverb. for a long while
Element in
- ᴹQ. andalúme Eldar oianer Valinoresse, masse oiar sí “for a long while the Elves lived in Valinor, where are they/do they live now?” ✧ PE22/125
kolma
noun. ring (?on finger)
Variations
colma✧ EtyAC/KOL (colma)Derivations
- ᴹ√
KOL“round, (?rim)” ✧ EtyAC/KOLPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KOL > colma [kolma] ✧ EtyAC/KOL
ambon
noun. upward slope, hill-side
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “upward slope, hill-side” derived from the root ᴹ√AM “up” (Ety/AM²). As published in The Lost Road, this word had the form amban, but its actual form was ambon according to Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/AM²).
Variations
- amban ✧ EtyAC/AM²
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶amba- > ambon [ambon] ✧ Ety/AM²
ar sauron túle nukumna númenórenna
and Sauron came humbled to Númenor
|1| 2 | 3 |4|5| |ar|O| |sauron| |lende|túle| |nūmenorenna|nahamna|{kamindon >> akamna >>}|nukumna|
Variations
- ar sauron tūle nahamna ✧ LR/047
- Ar Sauron lende nūmenorenna ✧ LR/056
- O sauron túle nukumna ✧ SD/246; VT24/07
- ar sauron túle nahamna ✧ SD/310
- O sauron túle {kamindon >> akamna >>} nukumna ✧ SD/311
Changes
- ar sauron tūle nahamna → ar sauron túle nahamna “and ‽ came ‽” ✧ SD/310
- Ar Sauron lende nūmenorenna → ar sauron tūle nahamna “And Sauron came to-Númenor” ✧ LR/047
- ar sauron túle nahamna → O sauron túle {kamindon >> akamna >>} nukumna “and ‽ came ‽” ✧ SD/311
- O sauron túle {kamindon >> akamna >>} nukumna → O sauron túle nukumna ✧ SD/246
Cognates
- Ad. kadô Zigûrun zabathân unakkha “and so [Sauron] he came humbled” ✧ SD/246
Element in
Elements
Word Gloss ar “and; but” Sauron tul- “to come” nukumna “humbled” Númenóre “Westernesse”
-va
suffix. adjectival
Variations
- va ✧ PE21/059
Derivations
- ᴹ✶-ba “genitival adjective” ✧ PE21/059
alqalonde
place name. Swan-haven
Variations
- Alqualondë ✧ LR/224; LR/326; LRI/Alqualondë; SMI/Alflon; SMI/Alqualondë; TII/Alqualondë
- Alqalondë ✧ SM/265; SMI/Alqualondë
Cognates
Elements
Word Gloss alqa “swan” londe “road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf”
altankanta-
verb. to become unfixed
Variations
- altañkanta- ✧ PE22/117
Elements
Word Gloss al(a)- “not, negative prefix” tanka “firm, fixed, sure, firm, fixed, sure, [ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast” -nta “to become or be made” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source altañkantalya imperfect-participle - ✧ PE22/117 altañkantane past - ✧ PE22/117 altañkantuva future - ✧ PE22/117
ampanóta-
verb. to build, erect a (large) building
Variations
- ampanóta ✧ PE22/114
Element in
- ᴹQ. ampanotalea “architectural” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ampanotaste “architecture” ✧ PE22/118
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ampanóta infinitive “construct (a building)” ✧ PE22/118 ampanótie gerund - ✧ PE22/118 ampanótar aorist plural - ✧ PE22/118 ampanŏtalya imperfect-participle - ✧ PE22/118 ampanŏtaina passive-participle - ✧ PE22/118 ampanótane past - ✧ PE22/118 ampanotelye long-perfect - ✧ PE22/118 ampanótuva future - ✧ PE22/118
anka
noun. jaw, row of teeth
Variations
- anca ✧ EtyAC/ÁNAK
- añka ✧ PE22/051
Derivations
Cognates
- N. anc “jaw, row of teeth” ✧ Ety/ÁNAK; Ety/NAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶an-kā́ > anka [ankā] > [aŋkā] > [aŋka] ✧ Ety/NAK
are manwen
proper name. Day of Manwe, first day of the Valian week
The Quenya name for the 1st day of the Valian 5-day week, a combination of are “day” and the genitive of Manwe (Ety/LEP).
Variations
- (Ar(e))Manwen ✧ Ety/LEP
- (Ar)Manwen ✧ EtyAC/LEP
Cognates
- N. Ar Vanwe “Day of Manwe, first day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/LEP
Elements
Word Gloss are “day” Manwe “on Taniqetil”
avallonde
place name. Haven of the Gods
A port city on Tol Eressea.
Variations
- Avallondë ✧ SDI2/Avallondë
- Avallon(de) ✧ SDI2/Avallónë (
Avallon(de))Changes
Avallon(de)→ Avallónë ✧ SDI2/AvallónëElements
Word Gloss ? londe “road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf”
kalarin(a)
adjective. *brilliant
Variations
- calarin ✧ EtyAC/KAL
- calar(i)na ✧ EtyAC/KAL
Cognates
- N. celeir “brilliant” ✧ Ety/KAL
naneldarin
proper name. Naneldarin
A term for the language of the Danians in linguistic notes from the 1930s, first given as Pereldarin (PE18/26). It is a compound of nan and Eldarin.
Variations
- Pereldarin ✧ PE18/026 (
Pereldarin)Elements
Word Gloss nan “but, on the contrary, on the other hand; again” Eldarin “of the Elves, Elvish”
nis
noun. woman
Variations
- nisse ✧ Ety/NDIS; Ety/Nι; EtyAC/NIS (
nisse)Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NDIS-SĒ/SĀ > nisse [ndisse] > [nisse] ✧ Ety/NDIS ᴹ√NIS/NĪ > nis [niss] > [nis] ✧ Ety/NDIS ᴹ√NIS > nis [niss] > [nis] ✧ Ety/Nι ᴹ√NIS > nisse [nisse] ✧ Ety/Nι ᴹ√NIS > nis [niss] > [nis] ✧ Ety/NIS Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source nissi plural - ✧ Ety/Nι; Ety/Nι; Ety/NIS; EtyAC/NDIS ní plural - ✧ PE21/08
no mīrinoite kallasilya valimar
no mīrinoite kallasilya Valimar
Element in
- ᴹQ. Namárië, draft
ambal
noun. shaped stone, flag
Derivations
- ᴹ√MBAL “?crush, pound, [ᴱ√] crush, *pound; hurt, pain, damage, give maim to” ✧ Ety/MBAL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MBAL > ambal [ambal] ✧ Ety/MBAL
am(ba)penda
adjective. uphill, uphill, *sloping up; [ᴱQ.] arduous, difficult, tiresome
An adjective meaning “uphill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variants ambapenda and shorter ampenda, a combination of amba “up(wards)” and penda “sloping” (Ety/AM²). More literally it means “sloping up”, versus plain penda which has an implication of “sloping down”. It also appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s as ᴱQ. ambapenda, where its cognate ᴱN. amvenn had the glosses “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” (PE13/159). Perhaps ᴹQ. am(ba)penda* could colloquially have these meanings as well.
Variations
- ambapenda ✧ Ety/AM²
- ampenda ✧ Ety/AM²
Cognates
- N. amben “uphill, uphill; [ᴱN.] arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ Ety/AM²
Elements
Word Gloss amba “up(wards)” penda “sloping down, inclined”
-iel
suffix. -friend
Variations
-iel✧ Ety/YEL (-iel)Derivations
- ᴹ√
YEL“friend” ✧ Ety/YELPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YEL > -iel [-jel] > [-iel] ✧ Ety/YEL
alda
noun. tree
Variations
- Alda ✧ LR/041; SD/302
- ’alda ✧ PE22/047; PE22/051
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. Aldalemnar “Week of the Trees” ✧ Ety/GALAD
- ᴹQ. aldar olar sana nóresse “trees grow in that land” ✧ PE22/116; PE22/116 (
aldar {alar >>} olar i·nóresse)- ᴹQ. Aldaron “Lord of Forests” ✧ Ety/GALAD
- ᴹQ. aldarwa “having trees, tree-grown”
- ᴹQ. i·aldar hinna ólar “the tree is still growing” ✧ PE22/116; PE22/116 (
i·aldar hinna {alarye >>} olarye)- ᴹQ. lavaralda “tree with long green leaves with golden undersides and pale flowers with a yellow flush”
- ᴹQ. lilótime alda amaliondo aranyallesse túno “*[the] many-flowered tree of Amalion in the kingdom of Túna” ✧ TMME/182
- ᴹQ. Malinalda
- ᴹQ. malka aldar ólar “*how much do trees grow” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. malkar i·aldar i·ólar nóressella “how great are the trees that grow in your land?” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. masse akime aldar “where are the trees (to be found)” ✧ PE22/125
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GÁLAD > alda [galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda] ✧ Ety/GALAD ᴹ√GÁLAD > alda [galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda] ✧ Ety/GALAD ᴹ✶galadā > Alda [galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda] ✧ SD/302 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aldar plural “trees” ✧ PE22/116; PE22/124; PE22/125
ana-
prefix. to, towards
Derivations
Cognates
- N. an- “with, by” ✧ Ety/N¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹQ. an/ana/na > ana- [ana-] ✧ Ety/N¹
angamanda
place name. Iron Prison, Hells of Iron
Variations
- Angavanda ✧ EtyAC/ANGĀ (
Angavanda); EtyAC/BAD² (Angavanda)Cognates
Elements
Word Gloss anga “iron” manda “prison, *duress”
atsa
noun. tassel, fryse, fringe
Variations
- atsa ✧ PE22/050
Derivations
- ᴹ√TAS “*fringe” ✧ PE22/050
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TAS > atsa [atsa] ✧ PE22/050
atsa
noun. claw, catch, hook
Variations
- atsa ✧ Ety/GAT; PE22/022; PE22/050 (
atsa)Changes
atsa→ atsa “claw” ✧ PE22/050Derivations
- ᴹ√GAT “*catch” ✧ Ety/GAT
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAT > atsa [gatsa] > [ɣatsa] > [atsa] ✧ Ety/GAT
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ensi nominative - ✧ VT36/08 ente accusative - ✧ VT36/08 enten genitive - ✧ VT36/08 ensir dative - ✧ VT36/08 entin instrumental - ✧ VT36/08 entínen instrumental - ✧ VT36/08 entíko partitive - ✧ VT36/08 ententa allative - ✧ VT36/08 entesse locative - ✧ VT36/08 [ent]es s-case - ✧ VT36/08 ensinye locative - ✧ VT36/08 entello ablative - ✧ VT36/08 ensil ablative - ✧ VT36/08 ensindon similative - ✧ VT36/08 ensihta partitive - ✧ VT36/08 ensia possessive - ✧ VT36/08 enya possessive - ✧ VT36/08
luina
adjective. pale
Derivations
- ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ EtyAC/LUY
Cognates
- Ilk. lûn “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LUY > luina [luina] ✧ EtyAC/LUY
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source †tyuin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/06 tyuelin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/06 tyuio genitive - ✧ PE21/07 tyueva possessive - ✧ PE21/07
ambar
noun. Earth, World
Variations
- a-mbar ✧ Ety/MBAR
- ambaron ✧ EtyAC/MBAR
- ambar ✧ EtyAC/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL; SM/241
Derivations
Cognates
- N. amar “Earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR
Element in
- ᴹQ. Ambarenya “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR; SM/241
- ᴹQ. Ambarkanta “Shape of the World” ✧ SM/235
- ᴹQ. Sinome nimaruva, yo hildinyar tenn’ Ambar-metta “Here will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world” ✧ SD/056
- ᴹQ. Talmar Ambaren “Roots of the Earth” ✧ SM/241
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MBAR > a-mbar [ambara] ✧ Ety/MBAR ᴹ√[?mbar] > ambar [ambara] ✧ EtyAC/SIL Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ambaren genitive - ✧ Ety/MBAR Ambaren genitive - ✧ SM/241
andave laita
andave laita
Changes
- andave laita → Andave laituvalme ✧ SD/047
arda
place name. Earth, world
Variations
- arda ✧ SD/246; SD/310
Element in
- ᴹQ. Herunúmen arda sakkante lenéme Ilúvatáren “the Lord of the West [Manwe] broke the world by leave of Ilúvatar” ✧ SD/246; SD/310
Elements
Word Gloss arda “realm, region”
arendien
proper name. Midyear’s Day
Name of the mid-year holidays from drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/134). It seems to be a combination of are “day”, ende “middle” and yén “year”, the last of these supported by its stem form Arendién- as seen in its plural Arendiéni.
Variations
- Arendiën ✧ PM/134
Elements
Word Gloss are “day” ende “centre, middle, core” yén “year” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Arendiéni plural - ✧ PM/134
asea
noun. *healing herb
Element in
- ᴹQ. asea aranaite “*kingsfoil” ✧ WR/394
atalante
proper name. Downfall(en)
Variations
- Atalantë ✧ LR/011; LR/014; LR/025; LRI/Atalantë; SD/375
- atalante ✧ LR/047; LR/047; PE18/035; SD/247; SD/310
Derivations
- ᴹ√TALAT “to slip or slide down, incline, slope, lean, tip, topple over” ✧ SD/249
Cognates
- Ad. Akallabêth “Downfallen” ✧ SD/375; SDI2/Akallabêth
Element in
- ᴹQ. haiya vahaiya sín Atalante “far, far away now (is) the Downfallen” ✧ LR/047; SD/247; SD/310
Elements
Word Gloss atalta- “to collapse, fall in, fall down, slip down in ruin” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√talat > Atalante [atalante] ✧ SD/249
alya
adjective. rich, prosperous, abundant, blessed
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AL > alya [alja] ✧ Ety/ÁLAM ᴹ√GALA > alya [galja] > [ɣalja] > [alja] ✧ Ety/GALA ᴹ√AL > alya [alja] ✧ EtyAC/AL ᴹ√GAL > alya [galja] > [ɣalja] > [alja] ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
al(a)-
prefix. not, negative prefix
Variations
- ala- ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/LA (
ala-)- al(a) ✧ EtyAC/ALA (
al(a))- al- ✧ EtyAC/LA (
al-); PE19/056Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. alaninqitálima “that cannot be made white (again)”
- ᴹQ. alfárima “impossible to pursue”
- ᴹQ. alfírima “immortal”
- ᴹQ. Alfírimo “Immortal”
- ᴹQ. alómea “voiceless”
- ᴹQ. altankanta- “to become unfixed”
- ᴹQ.
Alkorin✧ EtyAC/ALA (Alkorin); EtyAC/LA (Alkorin)- ᴹQ. alkárima “impossible to make”
- ᴹQ. alistima “unknowable, secret”
- ᴹQ. alqettima “unutterable”
- N. Alchorin “Not-of-Kôr” ✧ EtyAC/ALA (
Alchoron)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ALA > al(a) [ala-] ✧ EtyAC/ALA ᴹ√ALA > ala- [ala-] ✧ EtyAC/LA ᴹ✶lă > ḷ > al- [ḷ-] > [al-] ✧ PE19/056
aini
noun. holy one, angelic spirit (f.), holy one, angelic spirit (f.); [ᴱQ.] (pagan) goddess
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴺS. Aeni “(female) angel”
Elements
Word Gloss Ainu “holy one, angelic spirit” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶aı̯an- > Aini [aini] ✧ Ety/AYAN
aiqa
adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief
Derivations
Element in
apsa-
verb. to away, go away
Variations
- apsa ✧ PE19/045
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶abtā > apta > apsa [abta-] > [apta-] > [apsa-] ✧ PE19/045 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source apsane past - ✧ PE19/045
auta-
verb. to away, go away
Variations
- auta ✧ PE19/045
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶abtā > avante [abante] > [aβante] > [avante] ✧ PE19/045 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source avante past - ✧ PE19/045
nande
noun. harp
Variations
- ñande ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
- ñanda ✧ EtyAC/ÑGAN (
ñanda)- nanda ✧ EtyAC/ÑGAN (
nanda)Changes
ñanda→ ñande ✧ Ety/ÑGANnanda→ nande ✧ EtyAC/ÑGANDerivations
- ᴹ√ÑGAN(AD) “play (on stringed instrument)” ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGANAD > ñande [ŋgande] > [ŋande] > [nande] ✧ Ety/ÑGAN ᴹ√ÑGANAD > nande [ŋgande] > [ŋande] > [nande] ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
nauro
noun. werewolf
Variations
- ñauro ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGAW “howl” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
Cognates
- N. gaur “werewolf” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGAW > ñauro [ŋgauro] > [ŋauro] > [nauro] ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
nóle
noun. wisdom
Variations
- ñóle ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Changes
nóle→ ñóle ✧ Ety/ÑGOLDerivations
- ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Cognates
- N. gûl “magic” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGOL > ñóle [ŋgōle] > [ŋōle] > [nōle] ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
tanta
adjective. double
Derivations
- ᴹ√TATA “two” ✧ Ety/TATA
Cognates
- N. tadol “double” ✧ Ety/TATA
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TATA > tanta [tanta] ✧ Ety/TATA
tante
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source tansin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/07
tenna
preposition. until
Element in
- ᴹQ. Sinome nimaruva, yo hildinyar tenn’ Ambar-metta “Here will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world” ✧ SD/056; SD/056
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source kenn’ elided “until” ✧ SD/056 tenn’ elided “until” ✧ SD/056
teren
adjective. slender, slender; [ᴱQ.] lissom, lithe
Variations
- terene ✧ Ety/TER
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Terendul “Slender and Dark” ✧ Ety/TER
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶terēn(ē) > teren [terēn] > [teren] ✧ Ety/TER ᴹ✶terēn(ē) > terene [terēnē] > [terenē] > [terene] ✧ Ety/TER
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
Variations
yelme✧ Ety/YEL (yelme)Derivations
- ᴹ√
YEL“friend” ✧ Ety/YELPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YEL > yelme [jelme] ✧ Ety/YEL
ambor
noun. breast, breast, *chest
The word ᴹQ. ambor “breast” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶amƀus (PE21/33). This word shows the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|final [s] became [r]]]; in Tolkien’s later writings this change applied mainly to intervocalic [s]. This word also had the unusual development of u to o in final syllables, a sound change Tolkien used for Quenya in the Declension of Nouns but nowhere else.
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambar “breast” with stems ambar- or ambas- (QL/30); the word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but only with the stem ambas- (PME/30). ᴱQ. ambos was glossed “breast” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) appeared as a word related to both ᴱN. bost “back, from shoulder to shoulder” and ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” (PE13/137, 139, 159), the latter with primitive forms ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137) or ᴱ✶a-mbos-t (PE13/159).
ᴱQ. ambar reappeared in the phrase ᴱQ. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” from the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. Early 1930s ᴹQ. ambor seems to be the last published iteration of this word, as discussed above.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “breast, chest” to fit better with later Quenya phonology. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.
Derivations
- ᴹ✶amƀus “breast” ✧ PE21/33
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶amƀus- > ambor [amβus] > [ambus] > [ambur] > [ambor] ✧ PE21/33 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ambor nominative - ✧ PE21/33 ambora accusative - ✧ PE21/33 amboren dative - ✧ PE21/33 amboro genitive - ✧ PE21/33 ambornen instrumental - ✧ PE21/33 ambosta allative - ✧ PE21/33 †ambusta allative - ✧ PE21/33 amborullo ablative - ✧ PE21/33 †ambullo ablative - ✧ PE21/33 amboresse locative - ✧ PE21/33 †ambusse locative - ✧ PE21/33 amborwa possessive - ✧ PE21/33 amborundon similative - ✧ PE21/33 †ambusson similative - ✧ PE21/33 amborunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/33 amborin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/33
arda
noun. realm, region
Variations
- harda ✧ Ety/EN; EtyAC/EN; EtyAC/ƷAR (
harda); EtyAC/ƷARA (harda)Changes
arda→ harda ✧ EtyAC/ENarda→ arda “day (period of 12 hours)” ✧ PE22/021Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. Arda “Earth, world”
- ᴹQ. Elenarda “Star-kingdom” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GAR; EtyAC/ƷAR (
elenarda)- ᴹQ. Entarda “Thither Lands, Middle-earth, Outer Lands, East” ✧ Ety/EN
- ᴹQ. Herunúmen arda sakkante lenéme Ilúvatáren “the Lord of the West [Manwe] broke the world by leave of Ilúvatar”
- N. Kalenarda
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷAR > harda [ɣarda] > [harda] ✧ Ety/EN ᴹ√GAR > arda [garda] > [ɣarda] > [arda] ✧ Ety/ƷAR GAR ᴹ√ƷARA > harda [ɣarda] > [harda] ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA
avakúma
place name. Exterior Void
Name of the “Exterior Void” beyond the world in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/241), also appearing in The Etymologies as combination of ava “exterior” and kúma “void” (Ety/AWA, OY).
Variations
- Ava-kúma ✧ LRI/Ava-kúma
Elements
Word Gloss ava “outside, beyond; outer, exterior” kúma “void”
et ëarello endorenna nilendie
Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth have I come
Variations
- Et Ëarello Endorenna lendien ✧ SD/056
- Et Ëarello Endorenna nilendie ✧ SD/056
Changes
- Et Ëarello Endorenna lendien → Et Ëarello Endorenna nilendie “Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth have I come” ✧ SD/056
- Et Ëarello Endorenna nilendie → Et Eärello Endorenna utúlien “Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth have I come” ✧ LotR/0967
kelya-
verb. to rain; (lit.) to send running down
Variations
- kelya ✧ PE22/114
Derivations
- ᴹ√KEL “flow, flow away (downhill), run (of water or rivers), run away especially downwards or at end” ✧ PE22/114
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KEL > kelya [kelja-] ✧ PE22/114
tauretavárea-tumbalemorna tumbaletaurea landataváre
Tauretavárea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea landataváre
Variations
- Taurelilómea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea lómeamor ✧ TI/419
Changes
- Tauretavárea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea landataváre → Taurelilómea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea lómeamor ✧ TI/419
-(u)va
suffix. future suffix
Variations
- -vā̆- ✧ PE22/097
- uvā ✧ PE22/097
- -uva ✧ VT48/32
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶-bā > -vā̆- [-bā] > [-βā] > [-βa] > [-va] ✧ PE22/097 ᴹ√UB > -uva [-uba] > [-uβa] > [-uva] ✧ VT48/32
-inqa
suffix. *-ful, complete
Element in
- ᴹQ. alkarinqa “radiant, glorious” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R
ai! laurie lantar lassi sūrinen
ai! laurie lantar lassi sūrinen
Variations
- Ai! laurie lantar lassi sūrinen ✧ TI/284
Element in
- ᴹQ. Namárië, draft
aikale
noun. peak
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).
Elements
Word Gloss aika “sharp” -le “abstract noun”
alalme
noun. elm-tree
Variations
- lalme ✧ Ety/ÁLAM
Derivations
- ᴹ√(L)ALAM “elm-tree” ✧ Ety/ÁLAM; Ety/LÁLAM
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÁLAM > alalme [alalme] ✧ Ety/ÁLAM ᴹ√LÁLAM > alalme [alalme] ✧ Ety/LÁLAM
alasse
noun. joy, merriment
Changes
alasse→ alasse “joy, mirth, merriment” ✧ Ety/GALÁSDerivations
Cognates
- N. glass “joy, *happiness” ✧ Ety/GALÁS
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GALÁS > alasse [galasse] > [ɣalasse] > [alasse] ✧ Ety/GALÁS
almare
noun. blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss
@@@ probably better reconceived as a derivative of √AL(A)
Variations
- almie ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/AL (
almie); EtyAC/GAL(AS) (almie)Derivations
Cognates
- ᴺS. alvar “(good) luck, fortune”
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GALA > almare [galmare] > [ɣalmare] > [almare] ✧ Ety/GALA ᴹ√AL > almare [almare] ✧ EtyAC/AL ᴹ√GAL > almare [galmare] > [ɣalmare] > [almare] ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
ambale
noun. yellow bird, yellow hammer
A word for a yellow bird in The Etymologies of the 1930s, apparently the species yellowhammer, derived from ᴹ✶asmalē as an elaboration of the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL). Tolkien later changed this root to √MAL, but ammale might still be plausibly derived from that root.
Derivations
Cognates
andúne
noun. sunset
Variations
- andūne ✧ Ety/NDŪ
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Andúnie “Sunset(land)” ✧ Ety/NDŪ
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ṇdūnē > andūne [ṇdūnē] > [andūnē] > [andūne] ✧ Ety/NDŪ
arta
noun. fort, fortress
Derivations
Cognates
- N. garth “fort, fortress” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GARAT
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GARAT > arta [garta] > [ɣarta] > [arta] ✧ Ety/ƷAR GARAT
ataqe
noun. construction, building
Derivations
Cognates
- N. adab “building, house” ✧ Ety/TAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶atakwē > ataqe [atakwē] > [atakwe] ✧ Ety/TAK
atar
noun. father
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. atarinya tye-meláne “my father, I love thee” ✧ LR/061
- ᴹQ. e·kestane ataretta karithe “he asked his father to do it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. e·merne ataretta tule “he wished his father to come” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. Ilúvatar “All-father” ✧ Ety/ATA
- ᴹQ. ni·utúlie nyariello ve atarella “I have just come from talking with your father” ✧ PE22/119
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶atar > atar [atar] ✧ Ety/ATA Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source atari plural - ✧ Ety/ATA Atarinya 1st-sg-poss “my father” ✧ LR/061 ataretta 3rd-sg-poss “his father” ✧ PE22/118 atarella 2nd-sg-polite-poss “your father” ✧ PE22/119
atwa
adjective. double
Derivations
- ᴹ√AT “back, again, twice; two” ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AT(AT) > atwa [atwa] ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
firiel
masculine name. Firiel
Changes
Firiel→ Anárion ✧ SD/401
lango
noun. throat
Variations
- lango ✧ Ety/LANK (
lango); EtyAC/LANK (lango); PE21/08- langwi ✧ EtyAC/LANK (✶
langwi)Changes
lango→ lanko “neck” ✧ Ety/LANKDerivations
- ᴹ√LAK “swallow” ✧ Ety/LANK
Cognates
- N. lhanc “throat” ✧ Ety/LANK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LANG > lango [laŋgo] ✧ Ety/LANK Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -langwi plural - ✧ Ety/LANK langosta genitive dual - ✧ PE21/08 langoita partitive plural - ✧ PE21/08
nanda-
verb. to harp
Variations
- ñanda- ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Derivations
- ᴹ√ÑGAN(AD) “play (on stringed instrument)” ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Cognates
- N. gann(ad)a- “to play a harp” ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Element in
- ᴹQ. nandaro “harper” ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÑGANAD > ñanda- [ŋganda-] > [ŋanda-] > [nanda-] ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
nornea
adjective. *of oak
Derivations
- ᴹ√DORON “oak” ✧ Ety/DÓRON
Element in
- ᴹQ. lindornea “having many oak-trees” ✧ Ety/DÓRON
Elements
Word Gloss norno “oak” -a “adjectival suffix” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√DÓRON > dornea [dornea] > [nornea] ✧ Ety/DÓRON Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source #dornea suffix - ✧ Ety/DÓRON
uruite
adjective. fiery
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fiery”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. úr “fire” under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but these words were deleted when the meaning of the root was revised to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR).
Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. uruvoite “fiery, having fire” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√URU (QL/98).
Neo-Quenya: The word úr “fire” was restored in some later writings, and this adjective may have been restored with it, but I prefer ᴺQ. úruva for “fiery”; see that entry for discussion.
Derivations
- ᴹ√
UR“be hot” ✧ Ety/URPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√UR > uruite [uruite] ✧ Ety/UR
alan
noun. daytime
Derivations
- ᴹ√GALAN “bright” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GALÁN > alan [galan] > [ɣalan] > [alan] ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹ Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -alanen genitive - ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
aldarya
noun. *Tuesday
Changes
- Aldarya → Aldauya ✧ PM/138
Cognates
- N. Argaladath “*Day of the Trees” ✧ PM/130
Element in
- ᴹQ. qe e·kárie i kirya aldaryas, ni kauva kiryasta menelyas “if he finishes the boat by Monday, I shall be able to sail on Wednesday” ✧ PE22/121
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aldaryas s-case “by Monday [sic]” ✧ PE22/121
alwara
adjective. useless
Element in
- ᴹQ. kanya ére kata tulma alwara “to be wise after the event is useless” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. kanya ére kato alwara “To be wise afterwards is useless” ✧ PE22/124
aláriel
masculine name. Eadwine
Apparently a rejected variant of Herendil “Fortune-friend” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as compound of (rejected) ᴹ✶alā́ri “bliss” and the (rejected) suffix -el “friend” (EtyAC/LAR, ÑEL).
Elements
Word Gloss alā́ri “bliss” -el “friend”
ampende
noun. upward slope
A noun meaning “upward slope” in The Etymologies of the 1930, a combination of am- “up” and pende “slope” (Ety/PEN).
Cognates
- N. amben “uphill, uphill; [ᴱN.] arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ Ety/PEN
Elements
Word Gloss am- “up” pende “slope, downslope, declivity”
an(ner)
adverb. at hand
Variations
- an ✧ SD/290
- anner ✧ SD/290
Derivations
- ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards”
Element in
- ᴹQ. Sorni Númenvalion anner “the Eagles of the Powers of the West are at hand” ✧ SD/290
- ᴹQ. Es sorni heruion an “the Eagles of the Lords are at hand” ✧ SD/290
anaróre
noun. sunrise
Elements
Word Gloss Anar “Sun” óre “rising, rising, *rise; [ᴱQ.] dawn, Sunrise, East”
arie
noun. daytime
@@@ may be reconceived as a derivative of AS.
Derivations
- ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AR¹ > arie [arie] ✧ Ety/AR¹
aryante
feminine name. Day-bringer
A female name (possible a variant of Árien) appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as compound of arya “day” and ante “giver (f.)” (Ety/ANA¹, AR¹).
Variations
- Ariante ✧ EtyAC/YAN² (Ariante)
Cognates
- N. Eriant “Day-bringer” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Elements
Word Gloss arya “day (twelve hours)” ante “giver (f.)”
atalta-
verb. to collapse, fall in, fall down, slip down in ruin
Variations
- atalta ✧ Ety/TALÁT
Derivations
- ᴹ√TALAT “to slip or slide down, incline, slope, lean, tip, topple over” ✧ SD/249
Element in
- ᴹQ. Atalante “Downfall(en)”
- ᴹQ. ataltare “collapse”
- ᴹQ. Númenóre ataltane “Númenor fell down” ✧ LR/047; LR/056; SD/247; SD/310
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√talat > ataltane [ataltane] ✧ SD/249 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ataltane past “down-fell” ✧ LR/047; SD/247; SD/249; SD/310 atalante past “down-fell” ✧ LR/056
ava-
prefix. without
Variations
- au- ✧ Ety/AWA
Derivations
- ᴹ√AWA “away, forth; out” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AWA > ava- [awa-] > [ava-] ✧ Ety/AWA
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- ĕrĕāma ✧ PE22/018
filinke
noun. *finch
Derivations
Cognates
- N. flinc “*finch” ✧ PE21/56
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶philínkē > filinke [pʰiliŋke] > [ɸiliŋke] > [filiŋke] ✧ PE21/56
hondo
adjective. *hearted
Element in
- ᴹQ. tingahondo “flint-hearted” ✧ SD/068
Elements
Word Gloss hón “heart (physical)”
sáro
noun. saviour
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶thārō > sáro [tʰārō] > [θārō] > [θāro] > [sāro] ✧ LR/188
-r
suffix. *archaic allative
Element in
ef-
verb. to emerge (especially from water)
Variations
- EPH- ✧ PE22/127 (EPH-)
Derivations
- ᴹ√EPH “emerge (especially from water, opp[osite] of dive)” ✧ PE22/127
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√EPH- > EPH- [epʰ-] > [eɸ-] > [ef-] ✧ PE22/127 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source épha present “it emerges” ✧ PE22/127 empe past - ✧ PE22/127 emphe past - ✧ PE22/127
farina
adjective. fugitive, hunted
An adjective meaning “fugitive, hunted”, base on the verb ᴹQ. fara- “to hunt” (PE22/111).
Element in
- ᴺQ. farinë “vermin”
haran
noun. king, chieftain, lord or king of a specified region
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” ✧ Ety/ƷAR; Ety/TĀ; EtyAC/ƷARA
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ƷAR > haran [ɣaran] > [haran] ✧ Ety/ƷAR ᴹ√ƷAR > harni [ɣarani] > [ɣarni] > [harni] ✧ Ety/ƷAR ᴹ√ƷAR > haran [ɣaran] > [haran] ✧ Ety/TĀ ᴹ√ƷARA > haran [ɣaran] > [haran] ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source harni plural - ✧ Ety/ƷAR -harni plural - ✧ EtyAC/ƷARA
aiano
noun. stranger
Element in
- ᴹQ. mallo le, aiano? “whence (come) you, stranger?” ✧ PE22/124
alkar(e)
noun. radiance, brilliance
Variations
- alkar ✧ Ety/AKLA-R
- alkare ✧ Ety/AKLA-R
- aklar ✧ PE18/036
Derivations
Cognates
- N. aglar “glory, splendour” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R; PE18/036
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AKLA-R > alkar [aklar] > [alkar] ✧ Ety/AKLA-R ᴹ√aklar(a) > aklar [aklara] > [aklar] > [alkar] ✧ PE18/036
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source amaldumelintan allative plural - ✧ PE21/07 amaldum(el)inwa possessive plural - ✧ PE21/07
amatikse
noun. dot or point placed above the line of writing
Variations
- amatekse ✧ EtyAC/UNU (
amatekse)Elements
Word Gloss amba “up(wards)” tikse “dot, tiny mark, point”
andamunda
noun. elephant
A noun for “elephant” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. anda “long” and an adjectival form of ᴹQ. mundo “snout” (Ety/MBUD), hence literally “long snouted”.
Conceptual Development: In the Quenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave ᴱQ. hunto “elephant” (QL/41).
Derivations
- ᴹ✶andambundā “long-snouted” ✧ Ety/MBUD
Cognates
- N. annabon “elephant” ✧ Ety/MBUD
Elements
Word Gloss anda “long” mundo “snout, nose; cape [of land]” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶andambundā > andamunda [anda-mbundā] > [anda-mundā] > [anda-munda] ✧ Ety/MBUD
avar(o)
proper name. Refuser, One who does not go forth
Variations
- Avar/Avaro ✧ Ety/AB
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. Avarin “language(s) of the Avari”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ábārō̆ > Avar/Avaro [abāro] > [abār] > [aβār] > [aβar] > [avar] ✧ Ety/AB Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Avari plural “Elves who never left Middle-earth or began the march” ✧ Ety/AB; LR/170; LR/200; LR/214; LRI/Avari; PE18/024; WRI/Avari -Avari plural “Elves who left Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/AB
lá
interjection. (?please)
Variations
lá✧ EtyAC/LAƷ (lá)Derivations
- ᴹ√
LAƷ✧ EtyAC/LAƷPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAƷ > lá [lāɣ] > [lā] ✧ EtyAC/LAƷ
namárie
interjection. farewell
Variations
- Namárië ✧ TII/Namárië
númenos
proper name. Númenos
This name appeared in tales of the Fall of Númenor from the 1930s, first as the name of the island (LR/11) and then as the name of its capital city (LR/14). This name is a compound of númen “west” and osto “city”.
Changes
- Númenos → Armenelos ✧ LR/030
- Númenos → Armenelos ✧ PMI/Númenos
Elements
Word Gloss númen “west” osto “city, town with wall round, fort”
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
Variations
tatalta✧ PE22/115 (tatalta)Elements
Word Gloss talta- “to slip (down), fall, slide down, slope”
nóla
noun. round head, knoll, round hilltop; summit, round head, knoll, round hilltop; summit, [ᴱQ.] top (only used of mountains etc.); crown of head
A word for a type of hill, a “round head, knoll”, appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√NDOL (Ety/NDOL).
Conceptual Development: This word was mentioned quite frequently in Tolkien’s early writings, appearing as ᴱQ. nōla “head, hill” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from ᴱ√NOHO “extended” (QL/67), and appearing in many word lists from the 1910s through early 1930s with glosses like “round hill” (PME/67), “head, summit” (PE15/73), “top (only used of mountains etc.)” (PE15/78), or “summit, round hilltop, head” (PE21/8). In the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s Tolkien clarified that it “is not used of human head except colloquially” (PE15/73). Tolkien’s ongoing use of its cognate S. dol(l) “head, hill” in later writings indicates is ongoing validity.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would limit this word to round hills and knolls and not use it for mountain tops.
Variations
- nóla ✧ Ety/NDOL; PE21/08
Derivations
- ᴹ√NDOL “*head” ✧ Ety/NDOL
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NDOL > nóla [ndōla] > [nōla] ✧ Ety/NDOL
-a
suffix. adjectival suffix
Element in
- ᴹQ. eressea “lonely” ✧ Ety/ERE
- ᴹQ. fárea “enough, sufficient”
- ᴹQ. hiswa “grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading”
- ᴹQ. kaimassea “bedridden, sick, bedridden, sick, [ᴱQ.] confined to bed, a-bed”
- ᴹQ. kuivea “wakening”
- ᴹQ. lintyulussea “having many poplars”
- ᴹQ. lúmeqentalea “historical”
- ᴹQ. mailea “lustful”
- ᴹQ. naikelea “painful, painful, [ᴱQ.] agonizing”
- ᴹQ. nengwea “nasal”
- ᴹQ. nornea “*of oak”
- ᴹQ. rinda “circular”
- ᴹQ. toa “of wool, woollen”
- ᴹQ. valya “having (divine) authority or power, having (divine) authority or power, *authorized, official”
- ᴹQ. vórea “continuous, enduring, lasting; continuant”
- ᴹQ. yalúmea “olden”
- ᴹQ. yárea “olden”
apsa
noun. meat, cooked food
Variations
- apsa ✧ Ety/AP; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/050 (
apsa)Changes
apsa→ apsa “meat” ✧ PE22/050Derivations
- ᴹ√AP “?cook” ✧ Ety/AP
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AP > apsa [apsa] ✧ Ety/AP
kemen
noun. soil, earth; Great Lands
Variations
- kén ✧ Ety/KEM
- Kemen ✧ RC/671; SD/402
Derivations
Cognates
- N. coe “earth” ✧ Ety/KEM
Element in
- ᴹQ. kentano “potter”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KEM > kén [kēm] > [kēn] ✧ Ety/KEM
a
preposition. [unglossed]
Variations
- a ✧ PE21/03
aira
adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAY “red, copper-coloured, ruddy” ✧ Ety/GAY
Cognates
- N. goer “red, copper-coloured, ruddy” ✧ Ety/GAY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAY > aira [gaira] > [ɣaira] > [aira] ✧ Ety/GAY
aiwenóre
proper name. Birdland, lower air
Region of the lower airs in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/236), also appearing in The Etymologies as compound of aiwe “bird” and nóre “land” (Ety/AIWĒ).
Variations
- Aiwenor ✧ Ety/AIWĒ; SM/240 (
Aiwenor); SMI/Aiwenórë- Aiwenórë ✧ SM/236; SM/241; SMI/Aiwenórë
Changes
Aiwenor→ Aiwenórë ✧ SM/236- Aiwenor → Aiwenórë ✧ SMI/Aiwenórë
Elements
Word Gloss aiwe “(small) bird” nóre “land, country, region where certain people live; clan, race, folk, kindred”
alama
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alamalintan allative plural - ✧ PE21/08
almáriel
feminine name. Almáriel
Name of a Númenórean girl from Tolkien’s unfinished story “The Lost Road” (LR/59). In The Etymologies, the name was given as a compound of almare “blessedness” and (perhaps) -iel “daughter” (Ety/GALA, EtyAC/AL).
Elements
Word Gloss almare “blessedness, blessings, good fortune, bliss” -iel “daughter”
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
Elements
Word Gloss Anar “Sun” istya “knowledge”
andalóke
proper name. Long Serpent
Earlier name for Alcarondas from Númenórean stories from the 1940s (SD/350), apparently a compound of anda “long” and lóke “dragon”.
Elements
Word Gloss anda “long” lóke “dragon”
arya
noun. day (twelve hours)
Variations
- arda ✧ EtyAC/AR¹ (
arda)Changes
arda→ arya ✧ Ety/AR¹Derivations
- ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Cognates
- N. arad “daytime, a day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Element in
- ᴹQ. Aryante “Day-bringer” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AR¹ > arya [arja] ✧ Ety/AR¹
asea aranaite
noun. *kingsfoil
Cognates
- N. athelas “a healing plant” ✧ WR/394
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source assant nominative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assat accusative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assau genitive dual - ✧ VT36/08 †assu genitive dual - ✧ VT36/08 assor dative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assur dative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assaimet instrumental dual - ✧ VT36/08 assahto partitive dual - ✧ VT36/08 assanta allative dual - ✧ VT36/08 [assant]as allative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assanye(t) locative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assallo ablative dual - ✧ VT36/08 [assall]ut ablative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assandos similative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assa possessive dual - ✧ VT36/08 assava possessive dual - ✧ VT36/08
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source assint nominative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assit accusative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assi genitive dual - ✧ VT36/08 †assio genitive dual - ✧ VT36/08 assir dative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assímet instrumental dual - ✧ VT36/08 assihto partitive dual - ✧ VT36/08 assinta allative dual - ✧ VT36/08 [assint]as allative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assinye(t) locative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assillo ablative dual - ✧ VT36/08 [assill]ut ablative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assindos similative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assia possessive dual - ✧ VT36/08 assiva possessive dual - ✧ VT36/08
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source assunt nominative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assut accusative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assu genitive dual - ✧ VT36/08 assur dative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assuimet instrumental dual - ✧ VT36/08 assuhto partitive dual - ✧ VT36/08 assunta allative dual - ✧ VT36/08 [assunt]as allative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assunye(t) locative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assullo ablative dual - ✧ VT36/08 [assull]ut ablative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assundos similative dual - ✧ VT36/08 assuva possessive dual - ✧ VT36/08
engwa
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- eñgwa ✧ PE19/047
- ḗma ✧ PE19/047
Derivations
- ᴹ✶eñma ✧ PE19/047
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶eñ-ma > eñwa > eñgwa [eŋma] > [eŋgwā] ✧ PE19/047
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source entu nominative - ✧ VT36/08 ento accusative - ✧ VT36/08 enton genitive - ✧ VT36/08 entur dative - ✧ VT36/08 entoin instrumental - ✧ VT36/08 entoinen instrumental - ✧ VT36/08 entoiko partitive - ✧ VT36/08 entonta allative - ✧ VT36/08 entosse locative - ✧ VT36/08 [ent]os s-case - ✧ VT36/08 entunye locative - ✧ VT36/08 entollo ablative - ✧ VT36/08 entul ablative - ✧ VT36/08 entundon similative - ✧ VT36/08 entuhta partitive - ✧ VT36/08 entuva possessive - ✧ VT36/08 enwa possessive - ✧ VT36/08
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
Variations
- maia ✧ PE19/062
- maiya ✧ PE19/062
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶magyā > mai(y)a [magjā] > [maɣjā] > [maijā] > [maija] > [maia] ✧ PE19/046 ᴹ✶māya > mā̆iya > maia [māja] > [maija] > [maia] ✧ PE19/062
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source maldundon similative - ✧ PE21/11
nerno
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom”
ololla-
verb. *to keep on growing
Elements
Word Gloss ola- “to grow, grow up, reach its prime, become”
o vanimar vanimalion ontari
O vanimar vanimalion ontari
Changes
- O vanimar vanimalion ontari → O vanimar vanimalion ontari ✧ SD/073
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source saryan nominative - ✧ VT28/08 saryar nominative plural - ✧ VT28/08 sare accusative - ✧ VT28/08 sari accusative plural - ✧ VT28/08 saryo genitive - ✧ VT28/08 saryaro genitive plural - ✧ VT28/08 saryas dative - ✧ VT28/08 saryain instrumental - ✧ VT28/08
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
Variations
sisíria✧ PE22/115 (sisíria)Elements
Word Gloss sirya- “to flow [smoothly]”
sóla
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ✶soglā ✧ PE19/046
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶soglā > sóla [sogrā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla] ✧ PE19/046
varda telūmen falmar kīrien
Varda telūmen falmar kīrien
Element in
- ᴹQ. Namárië, draft
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source varinyeli accusative plural - ✧ PE21/07 varinyainen instrumental plural - ✧ PE21/07 varinyentan allative plural - ✧ PE21/07 †varinyelintan allative plural - ✧ PE21/07
ampano
noun. building (especially of wood), wooden hall, construction, edifice
Variations
- umpano ✧ EtyAC/N; EtyAC/PAN (
umpano)- ampanō̆ ✧ PE22/114
Changes
umpano→ ampano ✧ Ety/PANElement in
- ᴹQ. ampanóta- “to build, erect a (large) building” ✧ PE22/114
ando
noun. gate, door
Variations
- Ando ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (
Ando)Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Ando Lómen “Door of Night” ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (
Ando Lómen); SM/241- ᴹQ. andon “great gate, great gate, [ᴱQ.] door, gate” ✧ Ety/AD
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶adnō > ando [adnō] > [andō] > [ando] ✧ Ety/AD
ar
conjunction. and; but
Variations
- ar(a) ✧ EtyAC/AR² (
ar(a))- Ar ✧ LR/056
- A ✧ LR/061
- a ✧ LR/072
Changes
ar(a)→ ar “and” ✧ Ety/AR²Derivations
- ᴹ√AR “beside, outside” ✧ Ety/AR²
Cognates
- N. a “and”
Element in
- ᴹQ. ar antaróta mannar Valion: númessier “and he gave it into the hands of the Lords: they are in the West” ✧ LR/072
- ᴹQ. ar Sauron túle nukumna Númenórenna “and Sauron came humbled to Númenor” ✧ LR/047; LR/056; SD/310
- ᴹQ. a yonya inye tye-méla “and I too, my son, I love thee” ✧ LR/061
- ᴹQ. Ilu Ilúvatar en káre eldain a fírimoin “the Father made the World for Elves and Mortals” ✧ LR/072
- ᴹQ. Ilu vanya, fanya, eari, i-mar, ar ilqa ímen “the World is fair, the sky, the seas, the earth, and all that is in them” ✧ LR/072
- ᴹQ. i·nér né raiqa ar sí aphasta “the man was angry but now is in good humor (lit. it pleases him)” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. Sinome nimaruva, yo hildinyar tenn’ Ambar-metta “Here will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world” ✧ SD/056
- ᴹQ. ten sí ye tyelma, yéva tyel ar i narqelion “for here is ending, and there will be an end and the Fading” ✧ LR/072
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AR² > ar [ar] ✧ Ety/AR²
nambarauto
masculine name. Hammerer of Copper
Cognates
- N. Damrod “hammerer of copper” ✧ Ety/NDAM; Ety/RAUTĀ
Elements
Word Gloss namba “hammer” rauta “metal”
árien
feminine name. Sun-maiden
Variations
- Arien ✧ Ety/AR¹; LR/243; LRI/Arien
- Ārien ✧ PE22/017
- árien ✧ PE22/019
- ārien ✧ PE22/047
Changes
- Árien → Arien ✧ LR/243
Elements
Word Gloss AR “day” -ien “daughter”
úrien
feminine name. Sun-maiden
An earlier name for Q. Arien (SM/97, LR/243). Its initial element seems to be Ûr, an early name Tolkien used for “Sun”.
Variations
- Úrien ✧ LR/243; LRI/Arien; LRI/Úrien; SM/097; SM/099 (
Úrien); SM/170; SMI/Árien; SMI/Úrien; SMI/UrwenChanges
- Úrien → Árien ✧ LR/243
- Úrien → Árien ✧ LRI/Arien
Úrien→ Árien ✧ SM/099- Úrien → Árien ✧ SM/168
- Úrien → Árien ✧ SMI/Árien
alfárima
adjective. impossible to pursue
Elements
Word Gloss al(a)- “not, negative prefix” fara- “to hunt” -ima “able to be done, -able, -ible”
alla earendel elenion ankalima
*hail Earendel, brightest of stars
Variations
- Alla elenion ancalima ✧ SD/030
- Alla Earendel Elenion Ankalima ✧ WR/223
e falmalillon morne sindanōrie
e falmalillon morne sindanōrie
Element in
- ᴹQ. Namárië, draft
pole
noun. meal, flour
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source polı̯ǝ stem “meal, flour” ✧ PE21/12 pole nominative - ✧ PE21/13; PE21/13 †polin nominative - ✧ PE21/13 †pole accusative - ✧ PE21/13 polya accusative - ✧ PE21/13; PE21/13 †polir dative - ✧ PE21/13 polyen dative - ✧ PE21/13; PE21/13 polyo genitive - ✧ PE21/13; PE21/13 polinen instrumental - ✧ PE21/13; PE21/13 polinta allative - ✧ PE21/13; PE21/13 polillo ablative - ✧ PE21/13 polisse locative - ✧ PE21/13; VT28/08 poliva possessive - ✧ PE21/13; PE21/13 polindon similative - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]yunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]yut accusative dual - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]yu dative dual - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]ihta genitive dual - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]imet instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]intau allative dual - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]in nominative plural - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]i accusative plural - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]ir dative plural - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]ion genitive plural - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]īnen instrumental plural - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]inta(n) allative plural - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]īka partitive-plural - ✧ PE21/13 polili plural - ✧ PE21/13 [pol]yunta allative - ✧ PE21/13 polin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/13 poli accusative plural - ✧ PE21/13; VT28/08 polilin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/13 polínen instrumental plural - ✧ PE21/13; VT28/08 políka partitive-plural - ✧ PE21/13 polin nominative - ✧ VT28/08 polir nominative plural - ✧ VT28/08 pole accusative - ✧ VT28/08 polio genitive - ✧ VT28/08 polion genitive plural - ✧ VT28/08 polis dative - ✧ VT28/08 polis dative plural - ✧ VT28/08 polin instrumental - ✧ VT28/08 polisser locative plural - ✧ VT28/08 polīka partitive - ✧ VT28/08
alka
noun. ray of light, ray of light, [ᴱQ.] light of day; shining
A word for “ray of light” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√AKLA-R (Ety/AKLA-R).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. alka “ray” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√ḶKḶ; its primitive form ᴱ✶ak’lā indicated a historical development similar to that of The Etymologies (QL/30). The phrase ᴱQ. alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” appeared in some of the versions of the Oilima Markirya poem from around 1930 (MC/221), but here the form was alkar as in alkar-issen = “ray-(locative-plural)”. The word alkar appeared in one of the glossaries of Oilima Markirya drafts with the translation “shining, light of day” (PE16/75). By The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, the form and meaning seem to have reverted to alka “ray of light” (see above).
Derivations
Cognates
- ᴺS. aglann “ray of light”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AKLA-R > alka [akla] > [alka] ✧ Ety/AKLA-R
ambarenya
place name. Middle-earth
Name for Middle Earth appearing as ambar-endya in notes for Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/241), and also appearing as Ambarenya in The Etymologies, apparently a compound of Ambar “Earth” and enya “middle” (Ety/MBAR).
Variations
- ambar-endya ✧ SM/241
- Ambar-endya ✧ SMI/Ambar-endya
Cognates
- N. Emerin “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR
Elements
Word Gloss Ambar “Earth, World” enya “middle”
askat-
verb. to rend, break asunder
Derivations
- ᴹ√SKAT “break asunder”
Element in
- ᴹQ. Herunúmen arda sakkante lenéme Ilúvatáren “the Lord of the West [Manwe] broke the world by leave of Ilúvatar” ✧ SD/246; SD/310
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source sakkante past “rent” ✧ SD/246 askante past “sunder-broke” ✧ SD/310
menelmin(do)
place name. Pillar of Heaven
Variations
- Menelmindon ✧ PM/146; PMI/Meneltarma
- Menelminda ✧ SD/302; SDI2/Menelmin
- Menelmindo ✧ SD/315; SDI2/Menelmin
- Menelmin ✧ SD/335; SDI2/Menelmin
Changes
- Menelmindon → Meneltarma ✧ PM/146
- Menelmindon → Meneltarma ✧ PMI/Meneltarma
- Menelminda → Meneltyúla ✧ SD/302
- Menelmindo → Meneltyúla ✧ SD/315
Cognates
- Ad. Menel-Tûbal ✧ SDI2/Menelmin
Elements
Word Gloss menel “the heavens, firmament, sky” mindon “(isolated) tower”
ar antaróta mannar valion: númessier
and he gave it into the hands of the Lords: they are in the West
Variations
- ar antaróta mannar {Valion númenyaron >>} Valion: númessier ✧ LR/072
Element in
- ᴹQ. Fíriel’s Song
avahaira
adjective. *far beyond, very remote
Elements
Word Gloss ava “outside, beyond; outer, exterior” haira “remote, far”
oi-
verb. to live, pass one’s days
Derivations
- ᴹ√OY “live, pass one’s days” ✧ PE22/125
Element in
- ᴹQ. andalúme Eldar oianer Valinoresse, masse oiar sí “for a long while the Elves lived in Valinor, where are they/do they live now?” ✧ PE22/125; PE22/125
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√OY > oia [oja] > [oia] ✧ PE22/125 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source oianer past-imperfect plural “lived” ✧ PE22/125 oiar present plural “do live” ✧ PE22/125 oia present - ✧ PE22/125 oiane past-imperfect - ✧ PE22/125 oine past “live” ✧ PE22/125 oine perfect “have lived” ✧ PE22/125
ango
noun. snake, dragon
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “snake” derived from the root ᴹ√ANGWA of the same meaning, with a plural form angwi (Ety/ANGWA). This plural form reappeared in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, but there it was translated “dragons”.
Conceptual Development: A similar form ᴱQ. oqi “snake” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√OQO “curve, bend” (QL/70).
Neo-Quenya: The word Q. leuca “snake” from The Lord of the Rings appendices is more commonly used for “snake” in Neo-Quenya.
Derivations
- ᴹ√ANGWA “snake” ✧ Ety/ANGWA
Element in
- ᴹQ. angulóke “dragon”
- ᴹQ. angwion ie uman enwa “the existence of dragons at one time (is) a fact” ✧ PE22/124
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ANGWA > ango [aŋgu] > [aŋgo] ✧ Ety/ANGWA Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source angwi plural - ✧ Ety/ANGWA Angwion genitive plural “of dragons” ✧ PE22/124 Angwi plural - ✧ PE22/124
fíriel’s song
Fíriel’s Song
A poem appearing in the Lost Road (LR/72), sung by the maiden Fíriel. The version presented here is the one appearing on LR/72 with the revisions noted by Christopher Tolkien in lines 4-6 lines added, but excluding the change of Melko >> Alkar made after the typescript was completed. @@@
Elements
Word Gloss Ilu Ilúvatar en káre eldain a fírimoin “the Father made the World for Elves and Mortals” ar antaróta mannar Valion: númessier “and he gave it into the hands of the Lords: they are in the West” toi aina, mána, meldielto — enga morion: talantie “they are holy, blessed, and beloved — save the dark one: he is fallen” Melko Mardello lende: márie “Melko has gone from Earth: it is good.” en kárielto eldain Isil, hildin Úr-anar; toi írimar “for Elves they made the Moon, but for Men the red Sun; which are beautiful” ilyain antalto annar lestanen Ilúvatáren “to all they gave in measure the gifts of Ilúvatar” Ilu vanya, fanya, eari, i-mar, ar ilqa ímen “the World is fair, the sky, the seas, the earth, and all that is in them” írima ye Númenor “lovely is Númenor” nan úye sére indo-ninya símen, ullume “but my heart resteth not here for ever” ten sí ye tyelma, yéva tyel ar i narqelion “for here is ending, and there will be an end and the Fading” íre ilqa yéva nótina, hostainiéva, yallume “when all is counted, and all numbered at last” ananta úva táre fárea, ufárea “but yet it will not be enough, not enough” man táre antáva nin Ilúvatar, Ilúvatar? “what will the Father, O Father, give me” enyáre tar i tyel, íre Anarinya qeluva “in that day beyond the end, when my Sun faileth”
kalakilya
place name. Pass of Light
Changes
Kalakilya→ Kalakirya ✧ MR/102Cognates
- N. Cilgalad “Pass of Light” ✧ Ety/KIL
Elements
Word Gloss kala “light” kilya “cleft, pass between hills, gorge; chasm”
ási, sí
come now, now
Variations
- āsi, sí ✧ PE22/105
aire
noun. sea
Changes
aire→ airen “sea” ✧ PE22/023Derivations
- ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Cognates
- N. oer “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Element in
- ᴹQ. Alataire “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AI̯R > aire [aira] ✧ Ety/AY
airen
noun. sea
Derivations
- ᴹ√AY(AR) “sea” ✧ Ety/AY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AI̯R > airen [airen] ✧ Ety/AY
ala
noun. day
Derivations
- ᴹ√GALAN “bright” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GALÁN > ala [gala] > [ɣala] > [ala] ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹ Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -allen genitive - ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
aldarwa
adjective. having trees, tree-grown
Elements
Word Gloss alda “tree” arwa “possessing, having, in control of”
am-
prefix. up
Derivations
- ᴹ√AM “up” ✧ Ety/AM²
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AM² > am- [am-] ✧ Ety/AM²
anar
noun. Sun
Variations
- anar ✧ PE22/019; PE22/023
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. Anárion
- ᴹQ. anaristya “[unglossed]”
- ᴹQ. anaróre “sunrise”
- ᴹQ. enyáre tar i tyel, íre Anarinya qeluva “in that day beyond the end, when my Sun faileth” ✧ LR/072
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶anār- > Anar [anār] > [anar] ✧ Ety/ANÁR ᴹ√NAR¹ > Anar [anār] > [anar] ✧ Ety/NAR¹ ᴹ✶Anār > Anar [anār] > [anar] ✧ SD/306 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Anarinya 1st-sg-poss “my Sun” ✧ LR/072
ar-
prefix. outside, beside
Derivations
- ᴹ√AR “beside, outside” ✧ Ety/AR²
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. Arvalin “Outside Valinor” ✧ Ety/AR²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AR² > ar- [ar-] ✧ Ety/AR²
are
noun. day
Derivations
Cognates
- N. ar- “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Element in
- ᴹQ. Are Fanturion “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week”
- ᴹQ. Are Manwen “Day of Manwe, first day of the Valian week”
- ᴹQ. Arendien “Midyear’s Day”
- ᴹQ. Are Veruen “Day of the Spouses, third day of the Valian week”
- ᴹQ. artuile “dayspring, early morn”
- ᴹQ. Ar Ulmon “Day of Ulmo, second day of the Valian week”
- ᴹQ. enar “tomorrow”
- ᴹQ. Mettare “Year’s end”
- ᴹQ. sinar “today, this morning”
- ᴹQ. Tuilear “Springdays”
- ᴹQ. yáre “former days”
- ᴹQ. Koirear “Stirringdays”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ari- > are [ari] > [are] ✧ Ety/AR¹ Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ari plural - ✧ Ety/AR¹
min
cardinal. one
Variations
- mine ✧ Ety/MINI
Derivations
- ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI
Cognates
- N. min “one” ✧ Ety/MINI
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MINI > mine [mine] ✧ Ety/MINI ᴹ√MINI > min [min] ✧ Ety/MINI
nai
interjection. alas
Derivations
- ᴹ√NAY “lament” ✧ Ety/NAY
Cognates
- N. nae “alas” ✧ Ety/NAY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NAY > nai [nai] ✧ Ety/NAY
qen
noun. Elf
Variations
- qen ✧ PE21/19; PE21/25
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶qend(ǝ)mēn > qenwen [kwendemēn] > [kwendmēn] > [kwenmēn] > [kwenwēn] > [kwenwen] ✧ PE21/25 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source qend- stem - ✧ PE21/19 qen nominative - ✧ PE21/25 qenda accusative - ✧ PE21/25 qenden dative - ✧ PE21/25 qendo genitive - ✧ PE21/25 qendanen instrumental - ✧ PE21/25 qendunta allative - ✧ PE21/25 qendullo ablative - ✧ PE21/25 qendesse locative - ✧ PE21/25 †qendata allative - ✧ PE21/25 qendulo ablative - ✧ PE21/25 qenduva possessive - ✧ PE21/25 qendanon similative - ✧ PE21/25 qendunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/25 qendut accusative dual - ✧ PE21/25 qendu dative dual - ✧ PE21/25 qendumet instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/25 qendullut ablative dual - ✧ PE21/25 qenduntau allative dual - ✧ PE21/25 qendusset locative dual - ✧ PE21/25 qenduhta genitive dual - ✧ PE21/25 qendin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendi accusative plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendir dative plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendion genitive plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendintan allative plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendillon ablative plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendissen locative plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendinwa possessive plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendindon similative plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendíka partitive-plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendínen instrumental plural - ✧ PE21/25 qendilin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/25 †qenwen instrumental - ✧ PE21/25 †qenta allative - ✧ PE21/25 †qense locative - ✧ PE21/25 †qendyo ablative - ✧ PE21/25 only in OQ †qentau allative dual - ✧ PE21/25 †qentan allative plural - ✧ PE21/25 †qendyut ablative dual - ✧ PE21/25 †qendyon ablative plural - ✧ PE21/25 †qenset locative dual - ✧ PE21/25 †qenwet instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/25 †qendesset instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/25 †qendar dative - ✧ PE21/25
ter
preposition. through
Variations
- tere ✧ Ety/TER
Derivations
- ᴹ√TER “pierce” ✧ Ety/TER
Cognates
- N. trî “through” ✧ Ety/TER
Element in
- ᴹQ. terhat- “to break apart”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TER > tere [tere] ✧ Ety/TER
yé
interjection. *lo!
Variations
- Yé ✧ SD/057
ainu
noun. holy one, angelic spirit
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Aini “holy one, angelic spirit (f.), holy one, angelic spirit (f.); [ᴱQ.] (pagan) goddess”
- ᴹQ. Ainulindale “Music of the Ainur” ✧ Ety/AYAN
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶aı̯an- > Ainu [ainu] ✧ Ety/AYAN Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Ainur plural - ✧ Ety/AYAN; LR/156; LRI/Ainur; SMI/Ainur
aksa
noun. ravine, narrow path; edge
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as ᴹQ. aksa “narrow path, ravine” derived from the root ᴹ√AK “narrow, confined” (Ety/AK). It was also the name of a tengwa in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s with the gloss “ravine” (PE22/22), and it reappeared in a later version of these notes from the 1940s, but its gloss was changed: {“ravine” >>} “edge” (PE22/51).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d avoid this word and instead use Q. (a)nacca for “narrow path” and Q. címa for “edge”.
Changes
aksa→ aksa “ravine” ✧ PE22/051Derivations
- ᴹ√AK “narrow, confined” ✧ Ety/AK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AK > aksa [aksa] ✧ Ety/AK
ala-
verb. to grow
Variations
’alā-✧ PE22/098Changes
ala-→ ola- ✧ PE22/113Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. aldar olar sana nóresse “trees grow in that land” ✧ PE22/116 (
aldar {alar >>} olar i·nóresse)- ᴹQ. i·aldar hinna ólar “the tree is still growing” ✧ PE22/116 (
i·aldar hinna {alarye >>} olarye)- ᴹQ. alanwa “fully grown, adult, mature” ✧ PE22/112
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶galā > ’alā- [gala-] > [ɣala-] > [ala-] ✧ PE22/098 ᴹ✶galā́ > ala- [gala-] > [ɣala-] > [ala-] ✧ PE22/106 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alanwa perfective-participle “full-grown, mature, adult” ✧ PE22/106 -aláya active-participle - ✧ PE22/106; PE22/106 seldom used -alarya imperfect-participle - ✧ PE22/107 alavaina future-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/109 -alavanta future-passive-participle - ✧ PE22/109 -aláva future - ✧ PE22/109; PE22/116 alanwa perfective-participle “fully grown, adult, mature” ✧ PE22/112 -alar aorist plural “grow” ✧ PE22/116 -alarye present - ✧ PE22/116 -alane past - ✧ PE22/116 -alle past - ✧ PE22/116 -(al)álie perfect - ✧ PE22/116 -alaryane consuetudinal-past - ✧ PE22/116 -aláve gerund - ✧ PE22/116 -aláva active-participle “growing” ✧ PE22/116
alla
interjection. hail!
Variations
- ala/alar/alla ✧ EtyAC/AL (
ala/alar/alla)- alar ✧ EtyAC/GALÁS (
alar); EtyAC/GAL(AS) (alar)- ala/alla ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) (
ala/alla)- Alar ✧ EtyAC/LAR (
Alar)- alasse ✧ EtyAC/LAR (
alasse)- Alla ✧ SD/030; WR/223
Changes
- Alla → Aiya ✧ SD/030
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. alla Earendel elenion ankalima “*hail Earendel, brightest of stars” ✧ WR/223
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AL > ala/alar/alla [alla] ✧ EtyAC/AL ᴹ√GALÁS > alasa > alar [galasa] > [galas] > [ɣalas] > [alas] > [alar] ✧ Ety/GALÁS ᴹ√GAL > ala/alla [galla] > [ɣalla] > [alla] ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS) ᴹ√GALAS > alar [galas] > [ɣalas] > [alas] > [alar] ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
alma
noun. good fortune, weal, wealth, *well-being
@@@ probably better reconceived as a derivative of √AL(A)
Derivations
Cognates
- N. galw “?increase, growth” ✧ EtyAC/GAL²
Element in
- ᴺQ. almien “cheers, (lit.) to good fortune”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AL > alma [alma] ✧ Ety/ÁLAM ᴹ√GALA > alma [galma] > [ɣalma] > [alma] ✧ Ety/GALA ᴹ√AL > alma [alma] ✧ EtyAC/AL ᴹ√GAL² > alma [galma] > [ɣalma] > [alma] ✧ EtyAC/GAL² ᴹ√GAL > alma [galma] > [ɣalma] > [alma] ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
alqa
noun. swan
Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. Alqalonde “Swan-haven” ✧ Ety/ÁLAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶alk-wā > alqa [alkwā] > [alkwa] ✧ Ety/ÁLAK
alta
adjective. large, great in size
Variations
- alat- ✧ EtyAC/ÁLAT
Derivations
- ᴹ√ALAT “large, great in size” ✧ Ety/ÁLAT
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÁLAT > alta [alta] ✧ Ety/ÁLAT Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alat- prefix “large, great in size” ✧ Ety/ÁLAT
alwa
adjective. well-grown
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAL > alwa [galwa] > [ɣalwa] > [alwa] ✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)
ambo
noun. hill
Derivations
- ᴹ√AM “up” ✧ Ety/AM²
Cognates
- N. amon “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AM² > ambo [ambo] ✧ Ety/AM²
amil
noun. mother
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AM¹ > amil [amil] ✧ Ety/AM¹
amme
noun. mother
Derivations
- ᴹ√AM “mother” ✧ Ety/AM¹
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AM¹ > amme [amme] ✧ Ety/AM¹
anna
noun. gift
Derivations
- ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
Cognates
- N. ant “gift” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
Element in
- ᴹQ. Andóre “Land of Gift”
- ᴹQ. ilyain antalto annar lestanen Ilúvatáren “to all they gave in measure the gifts of Ilúvatar” ✧ LR/072; LR/072
- ᴹQ. Yavanna “Fruit-giver” ✧ Ety/ANA¹
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ANA¹ > anna [anna] ✧ Ety/ANA¹ Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source annar plural “gifts” ✧ LR/072; LR/072
anta
noun. face
Changes
anta→ anta “jaw” ✧ PE22/021Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ANA¹ > anta [anta] ✧ Ety/ANA¹ ᴹ√ANAT > anta [anta] ✧ EtyAC/ANA¹
apsa
noun. juice
Variations
- apsa ✧ PE22/050
Derivations
- ᴹ√PAS “*juice” ✧ PE22/050
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√PAS > apsa [apsa] ✧ PE22/050
arat
noun. weed
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source arak- stem “weed” ✧ PE21/35 arat nominative - ✧ PE21/35 araka accusative - ✧ PE21/35 araken dative - ✧ PE21/35 arako genitive - ✧ PE21/35 aruqen instrumental - ✧ PE21/35 †aranken instrumental - ✧ PE21/35 arakanen instrumental - ✧ PE21/35 arahta allative - ✧ PE21/35 arukunta allative - ✧ PE21/35 arukullo ablative - ✧ PE21/35 †arityo ablative - ✧ PE21/35 †aratyo ablative - ✧ PE21/35 arakse locative - ✧ PE21/35 arakesse locative - ✧ PE21/35 aratya possessive - ✧ PE21/35 †aritya possessive - ✧ PE21/35 arakundon similative - ✧ PE21/35 arakson similative - ✧ PE21/35 arakunta allative - ✧ PE21/35 arakullo ablative - ✧ PE21/35 arukunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/35 arakunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/35 arakin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/35 arakíta partitive-plural - ✧ PE21/35
as
noun. bone
Element in
- ᴹQ. astula “bony” ✧ PE21/27
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source astŭ- stem “bone” ✧ PE21/27
assa
noun. hole, perforation, opening, mouth
Variations
- assa ✧ Ety/GAS; PE22/021
Derivations
Cognates
- N. gas “hole, gap” ✧ Ety/GAS
Element in
- ᴺQ. catassa “anus, arsehole, *(lit.) behind-hole”
- ᴹQ. Ilmen-assa “Chasm of Ilmen” ✧ Ety/GAS
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶gassā > assa [gassā] > [ɣassā] > [assā] > [assa] ✧ Ety/GAS
asto
noun. dust
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dust” derived from the root ᴹ√ÁS-AT (Ety/ÁS-AT). It was also mentioned in The Feanorian Alphabet from the late 1930s with the same form and meaning (PE22/21-22), and in the revisions of that document from the 1940s, though there it was replaced with ᴹQ. osto as a name for one of the tengwar (PE22/50). This replacement may only have to do with tengwar names, and doesn’t necessarily invalidate asto “dust”.
Derivations
- ᴹ√ASAT “*dust” ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
Cognates
- N. ast “dust” ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÁS-AT > asto [asto] ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
atan
noun. Man
Element in
- ᴹQ. atani koitar endoresse “men live in Middle-earth” ✧ PE22/125
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source atani plural “men” ✧ PE22/125
atta
cardinal. two
Derivations
Cognates
- N. tâd “two” ✧ Ety/AT(AT)
Element in
- ᴹQ. Attólamaite “biconsonantal”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ATTA > atta [atta] ✧ Ety/AT(AT) ᴹ√AT(AT) > atta [atta] ✧ Ety/TATA
kala
noun. light
Derivations
Cognates
- N. glaw “radiance” ✧ Ety/KAL
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶k’lā́ > kala [kala] ✧ Ety/KAL
kermie
noun. July
Variations
- Cermië ✧ PM/134
Cognates
- N. Cerfeth “July” ✧ PM/134
kóma
noun. *ball
Variations
- cṓma ✧ PE19/059
Derivations
- ᴹ✶kōmā “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kṓmā > cṓma [kōmā] > [kōma] ✧ PE19/059 ᴹ✶kṓmallṑ > cōmállō̆ [kōmallō] > [kōmallo] ✧ PE19/059 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source cōmállō̆ ablative - ✧ PE19/059
sinome
adverb. here
Variations
- símen ✧ LR/072
- Símane ✧ SD/056
- Sinome ✧ SD/056
Element in
- ᴹQ. nan úye sére indo-ninya símen, ullume “but my heart resteth not here for ever” ✧ LR/072
- ᴹQ. Sinome nimaruva, yo hildinyar tenn’ Ambar-metta “Here will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world” ✧ SD/056; SD/056
andalúme eldar oianer valinoresse, masse oiar sí
for a long while the Elves lived in Valinor, where are they/do they live now?
Variations
- andalúme Eldar oianer Valinoresse, masse oiar sí? ✧ PE22/125
aika
adjective. sharp
Derivations
- ᴹ√AYAK “sharp, pointed” ✧ Ety/AYAK
Cognates
- N. oeg “sharp, pointed, piercing” ✧ Ety/AYAK
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AYAK > aika [aika] ✧ Ety/AYAK
ailin
noun. pool, lake
Variations
- Ailin ✧ Ety/LIN¹
Derivations
- ᴹ✶ailin “pool, lake” ✧ Ety/AY
Cognates
- N. oel “pool, lake” ✧ Ety/AY
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ai-lin- > ailin [ailin] ✧ Ety/AY Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ailinen genitive - ✧ Ety/AY
alako
noun. rush, rushing flight, wild wind
Derivations
Cognates
- N. alag “rushing, impetuous” ✧ Ety/ÁLAK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶álākō > alako [alākō] > [alakō] > [alako] ✧ Ety/ÁLAK
alari
proper name. Alari
A name appearing only in linguistic notes from the 1930s (PE21/41). Its primitive form ᴹ✶alarʒǝ was said to mean “very dread”.
Derivations
- ᴹ✶alarʒǝ “very dread” ✧ PE21/41
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Alari nominative - ✧ PE21/41 Alarya accusative - ✧ PE21/41 Alaryen dative - ✧ PE21/41 Alaryo genitive - ✧ PE21/41 Alaryanen instrumental - ✧ PE21/41 Alaryunta allative - ✧ PE21/41 [Alary]ullo ablative - ✧ PE21/41 [Alary]esse locative - ✧ PE21/41 Alaryauva possessive - ✧ PE21/41 Alaryundon similative - ✧ PE21/41 Alaryanon similative - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]aryunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]arin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]aryulin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/41
alkar
masculine name. Radiant
A name for Melko appearing in the final version of the poem, Fíriel’s Song (LR/63, 72). According to Christopher Tolkien, it appeared nowhere else (LR/74 note 16). It seems to be alkar(e) “radiance” used as a name.
Elements
Word Gloss alkar(e) “radiance, brilliance”
aran
noun. child
This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.
Variations
- aran ✧ PE21/19
Derivations
- ᴹ✶arān
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source arn- stem - ✧ PE21/19
ender
noun. bridegroom, bridegroom, *groom
A word for “bridegroom” in The Etymologies derived from the root ᴹ√NDER, a strengthened form of the root ᴹ√DER “man” (Ety/NDER).
Conceptual Development: There is an unglossed word ᴱQ. vestaner the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s that is a combination of ᴱQ. vesta “marriage” and ᴱQ. ner “man” (QL/101). This Early Qenya word may likewise mean “(bride)groom”, as there is a distinct word for “husband” under the same root: ᴱQ. veru*.
Variations
- Ender ✧ Ety/NDER
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. Ender “Bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶Endero > Ender [endero] > [ender] ✧ Ety/NDER
marta
noun. home
Variations
- marta ✧ PE21/25; PE21/27
Derivations
nanno
masculine name. Nanno
Variations
- Nano ✧ PE18/024 (
Nano)Changes
Nano→ Nanno ✧ PE18/024Cognates
- Dan. Dan ✧ PE18/024
olar
noun. dream
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source olar nominative - ✧ PE21/33 olara accusative - ✧ PE21/33 olaren dative - ✧ PE21/33 olaro genitive - ✧ PE21/33 olarnen instrumental - ✧ PE21/33 †[olar]men instrumental - ✧ PE21/33 olarta allative - ✧ PE21/33 olarunta allative - ✧ PE21/33 olarullo ablative - ✧ PE21/33 †olallo ablative - ✧ PE21/33 olaresse locative - ✧ PE21/33 olarwa possessive - ✧ PE21/33 olaruva possessive - ✧ PE21/33 olardon similative - ✧ PE21/33 olarundon similative - ✧ PE21/33 olarunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/33 †olarmet instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/33 olarúmet instrumental dual - ✧ PE21/33 olaruntau allative dual - ✧ PE21/33 olarullut ablative dual - ✧ PE21/33 olarusset locative dual - ✧ PE21/33 olarin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/33 olallin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/33
tinga
noun. *flint
Element in
- ᴹQ. tingahondo “flint-hearted” ✧ SD/068
vakse
noun. stain
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶wahsē > vakse [waxsē] > [waksē] > [wakse] > [vakse] ✧ Ety/WAƷ
alkarinqa
adjective. radiant, glorious
Cognates
- N. aglareb “glorious” ✧ Ety/AKLA-R
andave
adverb. *long
Element in
- ᴹQ. andave laita ✧ SD/047
arka
adjective. narrow
Derivations
Cognates
- N. agor “narrow” ✧ Ety/AK
Element in
- ᴹQ. Arkimbele “Rivendell”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶akrā > arka [akrā] > [arkā] > [arkā] ✧ Ety/AK
kuivie
noun. awakening
Variations
- kuive ✧ Ety/KUY
- kuivië ✧ SD/047
Derivations
- ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY
Cognates
- N. echui(w) “awakening” ✧ Ety/KUY
Element in
- ᴹQ. Kuiviénen “Waters of Awakening” ✧ Ety/KUY
- ᴹQ. kuivea “wakening” ✧ Ety/KUY
- ᴹQ. kuivie, kuivie, ancalim’esselínen “*awake, awake, brighter by [their] names” ✧ SD/047; SD/047
- ᴹQ.
kuivie, kuivie, laurea esselínen“awake, awake, golden by [their] names” ✧ SD/047 (Kuivië, kuivië! laurea’esselínen); SD/047 (Kuivië, kuivië! laurea’esselínen*)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KUY > kuive [kuiwe] > [kuive] ✧ Ety/KUY
lament of atalante
Lament of Atalante
This text appears in two different stories by Tolkien, both published posthumously: the “Lost Road” (LR/36-104) and “The Notion Club Papers” (SD/145-327). In both stories, a modern Englishmen retrieves the text from visions of the ancient past. The text summarizes the tale of the fall of Númenor. Tolkien did not himself name the text, but it has been called “Atalante”, “Atalante Fragments” or the “Lament of Atalante” in the literature, the last of these names being adopted here.
There are five basic versions of this text, some with minor variations:
The very first version of this text is in the draft of the Lost Road (LR/56). It differs considerably from later versions.
The second version appears in the final revision of the Lost Road (LR/47). Most of the elements of this version are retained in some form in all later versions.
The third version is in the first draft of “The Notion Club Papers” (SD/310).
The fourth version can be seen in later revisions for “The Notion Club Papers” story. This version has not been published, but can be reconstructed from Christopher Tolkien’s notes (SD/311). It differs from the final form in only a few points.
The fifth version appears in the final revision of “The Notion Club Papers” (SD/246-7). It appears in two places, a typescript version (SD/246-7) and manuscript version (VT24/7-8) that differ only in their English translation.
There is considerable variation between the different versions of the text and there is no definitive version, since the stories where it appeared were unfinished. The presentation of the poem here is an amalgam of elements from the different versions written by J.R.R. Tolkien, illustrating as many features of the different versions as possible while remaining internally consistent.
This presentation of the Lament is compiled from the phrases appearing in at least one version of the text, with a preference for later forms over earlier ones. Further discussion of the textual history can be found in the analysis of the individual phrases. A more extensive analysis of the text can be found in the article “AF” by Aleš Bičan.
Elements
Word Gloss ar Sauron túle nukumna Númenórenna “and Sauron came humbled to Númenor” lantaner Turkildi nuhuinenna “the Lordly Men [Númenóreans] fell under shadow” Tar-Kalion ohtakáre Valannar “Tar-Kalion made war on the Powers” Herunúmen arda sakkante lenéme Ilúvatáren “the Lord of the West [Manwe] broke the world by leave of Ilúvatar” eari ullier i kilyanna “the seas poured into the chasm” Númenóre ataltane “Númenor fell down” malle téna lende númenna “a road [once] went straight westward” ilya sí maller raikar “now all roads (are) bent” Turkildi rómenna “the Lordly Men [Númenóreans] [go] eastward” vahaiya sín Andóre “far away now (is) the Land of Gift” haiya vahaiya sín Atalante “far, far away now (is) the Downfallen”
laurea
adjective. *golden
Element in
- ᴹQ.
kuivie, kuivie, laurea esselínen“awake, awake, golden by [their] names” ✧ SD/047 (Kuivië, kuivië! laurea’esselínen*)
nandaro
noun. harper
Variations
- ñandaro ✧ Ety/ÑGAN
Cognates
- N. talagand “harper” ✧ Ety/ÑGAN; Ety/ÑGAN
Elements
Word Gloss nanda- “to harp” -ro “agental suffix”
uvana
adjective. wicked
Derivations
- ᴹ√BAN “*beauty”
Element in
- ᴹQ.
nakuvan tye uvana néra“I will slay thee, wicked man” ✧ PE21/65
poldórea
masculine name. Strong One, Valiant
Variations
- Poldórëa ✧ LR/206; LRI/Poldórëa; SM/079; SMI/Poldórëa
aikasse
noun. mountain peak
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mountain peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).
Cognates
- N. oegas “mountain peak” ✧ Ety/AYAK
alakaru
proper name. Alakaru
A name appearing only in linguistic notes from the 1930s (PE21/41). Its primitive form ᴹ✶alakarƀǝ was said to mean “very active”.
Derivations
- ᴹ✶alakarƀǝ “very active” ✧ PE21/41
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source [Ala]karwa accusative - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]karwen dative - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]karwo genitive - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]karwanen instrumental - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]karwunta allative - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]karullo ablative - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]karwesse locative - ✧ PE21/41 [Ala]karuva possessive - ✧ PE21/41
aldaron
masculine name. Lord of Forests
Cognates
amardil
masculine name. Amardil
Changes
- Amardil → Amandil ✧ SDI2/Amardil
andolat
place name. Andolat
Name of a hill appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/NDOL). It is derived from the root ᴹ√NDOL, but its meaning is unclear.
Cognates
- N. Dolad ✧ Ety/NDOL
andóre
place name. Land of Gift
Variations
- Andor ✧ LR/019; LR/025; LR/065; LRI/Andor; SDI2/Andóre
- Andōre ✧ SD/241; SD/305
- Andōrē ✧ SD/343
Cognates
Element in
- ᴹQ. vahaiya sín Andóre “far away now (is) the Land of Gift” ✧ SD/247
Elements
Word Gloss anna “gift” -ndor “-land”
arin
noun. morning
@@@ may be reconceived as a derivative of AS.
Derivations
- ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AR¹ > arin [arin] ✧ Ety/AR¹
arwa
possessing, having, in control of
Variations
- -arwa ✧ EtyAC/GAR (
-arwa)Changes
arwa→ -arwa “possession, belongs, wealth” ✧ EtyAC/GARDerivations
- ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GAR; Ety/GAR
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAR > arwa [garwa] > [ɣarwa] > [arwa] ✧ Ety/ƷAR GAR ᴹ√GAR > arwa [garwa] > [ɣarwa] > [arwa] ✧ Ety/GAR ᴹ√GAR > -arwa [-garwa] > [-ɣarwa] > [-arwa] ✧ Ety/GAR Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -arwa suffix “having” ✧ Ety/ƷAR GAR semi-suffix
antirion
proper name. Antirion
An earlier name for Armenelos appearing in Númenórean stories from the 1940s (SD/347), apparently some kind of elaboration on tirion “tower”.
Elements
Word Gloss ? tirion “watch-tower, tower”
vahai(y)a
adverb. far away
Variations
- (a)vahāya ✧ EtyAC/KHAYA
- vahāya ✧ LR/047; SD/310
- Vahaia ✧ PE22/124
- vahaiya ✧ SD/247
Cognates
- N. gwahae “*far away” ✧ EtyAC/KHAYA
Element in
- ᴹQ. haiya vahaiya sín Atalante “far, far away now (is) the Downfallen” ✧ LR/047; SD/247; SD/310
- ᴹQ. vahaia nóre ëa i a-esta Valinor “far away (there) is a land called Valinor” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. vahaiya sín Andóre “far away now (is) the Land of Gift” ✧ SD/247
Elements
Word Gloss va “away” háya “far off, far away”
ambaróne
noun. uprising, sunrise, Orient
Variations
- ambaron/Ambaróne ✧ Ety/AM²
Cognates
- N. amrûn “uprising, sunrise, Orient, east” ✧ Ety/AM²
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ambarónen genitive - ✧ Ety/AM²
ára
noun. dawn, day
Variations
- āra ✧ PE22/018; PE22/023
Derivations
- ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Cognates
- N. aur “day, morning” ✧ Ety/AR¹
Element in
- ᴹQ. áratenkele “writing of A, (lit.) daywriting” ✧ PE22/047
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AR¹ > ára [āra] ✧ Ety/AR¹
ai
adverb. supposing, suppose, maybe
Derivations
- ᴹ✶ai “possibility” ✧ PE22/098
Element in
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·túlie ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet “if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen, en(ai) ni·túlie/karnet “if he had asked me, I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121; PE22/121
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva “If he asked me/were to ask me, I should come” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. aiqe kestuvan ni·tuluva “If he asked me/were he to ask, I should come” ✧ PE22/097
- ᴹQ. aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú “if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too” ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tule, (san) inye tule yú “if/when he comes, I come too” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tulle, (san) inye tulle yú “if/when he came, I came too” ✧ PE22/121
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶ai > ai [ai] ✧ PE22/098
ara
preposition/adverb. outside, beside
Derivations
- ᴹ√AR “beside, outside” ✧ Ety/AR²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AR² > ara [ara] ✧ Ety/AR²
á
interjection. Oh!
Variations
- á ✧ PE22/096
Element in
- ᴹQ. á e·ndanne anda né “Oh! he went back long ago” ✧ PE22/096
aina
adjective. holy
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. toi aina, mána, meldielto — enga morion: talantie “they are holy, blessed, and beloved — save the dark one: he is fallen” ✧ LR/072
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶aı̯an- > aina [aina] ✧ Ety/AYAN
aman
noun. bond
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aman nominative “bond” ✧ PE21/34 amana accusative - ✧ PE21/34 amanen dative - ✧ PE21/34 amano genitive - ✧ PE21/34 amanwen instrumental - ✧ PE21/34 amanta allative - ✧ PE21/34 †amanunta allative - ✧ PE21/34 amanullo ablative - ✧ PE21/34 †amullo ablative - ✧ PE21/34 amanesse locative - ✧ PE21/34 amanwa possessive - ✧ PE21/34 amandon similative - ✧ PE21/34 †amanundon similative - ✧ PE21/34 amanunt nominative dual - ✧ PE21/34 amanin nominative plural - ✧ PE21/34 -[am]unwen instrumental - ✧ PE21/34
amba
adverb. up(wards)
Variations
- ama ✧ Ety/UNU
Derivations
Cognates
- N. am “up” ✧ Ety/AM²
Element in
- ᴹQ. amatikse “dot or point placed above the line of writing” ✧ Ety/UNU (
amatekse)- ᴹQ. am(ba)penda “uphill, uphill, *sloping up; [ᴱQ.] arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ Ety/AM²
- ᴹQ. ambaróne “uprising, sunrise, Orient” ✧ Ety/AM²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶amba- > amba [amba] ✧ Ety/AM² ᴹ√AM² > ama [ama] ✧ Ety/UNU
ampa
noun. hook, crook
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAP “*bend” ✧ Ety/GAP
Cognates
- N. gamp “hook, claw” ✧ Ety/GAP
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAP > ampa [gampa] > [ɣampa] > [ampa] ✧ Ety/GAP
anda
adjective. long
Derivations
Cognates
- N. ann “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶andā > anda [andā] > [anda] ✧ Ety/ÁNAD Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Andar plural “long” ✧ PE18/032 #and- prefix “long” ✧ PE22/011
anga
noun. iron
Derivations
- ᴹ√ANGA “iron” ✧ Ety/ANGĀ
Cognates
- N. ang “iron” ✧ Ety/ANGĀ
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ANGĀ > anga [aŋgā] > [aŋga] ✧ Ety/ANGĀ
aran
noun. king
Variations
- aran ✧ PE22/106; PE22/124
- Aran ✧ PE22/125
Element in
- ᴹQ. ā laituva i·aran “(long[?]) live[?] [the] k[ing?]” ✧ PE22/106
- ᴹQ. aranaite “*kingly, royal”
- ᴹQ. aranyalle “*kingdom”
- ᴹQ. aran ie mólome “being a king is a burden” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. Nuaran “*West-king”
- ᴹQ. sinan Elessar Aran séra Arkimbelesse “at present King Elessar is at Rivendell” ✧ PE22/125
aryon
noun. heir
Variations
- aryo/aryon ✧ EtyAC/GAR (
aryo/aryon)Changes
aryo/aryon→ aryon “son of property, heir” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GARDerivations
- ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GAR; Ety/GAR
Element in
- ᴺQ. aryonië “inheritance”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAR > aryon [garjon] > [ɣarjon] > [arjon] ✧ Ety/ƷAR GAR ᴹ√GAR > aryo/aryon [garjon] > [ɣarjon] > [arjon] ✧ Ety/GAR
lára
adjective. flat
Variations
- lára ✧ Ety/DAL
- lāra ✧ EtyAC/LAD (
lāra)Derivations
Cognates
- N. dalw “flat” ✧ Ety/DAL
Element in
- ᴺQ. lára- “to flatten, level”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶lāda > lára [lāda] > [lāða] > [lāra] ✧ Ety/DAL ᴹ√LAD > lāra [lāda] > [lāða] > [lāra] ✧ Ety/LAD
anari
proper name. Anari
A name appearing only in linguistic notes from the 1930s (PE21/41). Its meaning is unclear.
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source anaria accusative - ✧ PE21/41
armar
collective noun. goods
Derivations
- ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GAR; Ety/GAR
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√GAR > armar [garmar] > [ɣarmar] > [armar] ✧ Ety/ƷAR GAR ᴹ√GAR > arma [garma] > [ɣarma] > [arma] ✧ Ety/GAR Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -arma singular “possessions, goods, property” ✧ EtyAC/GAR; EtyAC/ƷAR
landa
noun. plain
A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from *ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).
Variations
- lanna ✧ PE22/126
- landa ✧ PE22/126
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” ✧ PE22/126
Element in
- ᴹQ. lairesse nihare to tarassi, yu unta hrívesse landannar “in the summer I live in [i.e. on] the hills [as a rule], and come down to the plains in the winter” ✧ PE22/125
- ᴺQ. orlanda “upland, plateau”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAD > lanna [ladna] > [lanna] ✧ PE22/126 ᴹ√LAD > landa [landa] ✧ PE22/126 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source landannar allative plural “to the plains” ✧ PE22/125
lango
noun. broad sword; prow of a ship
Variations
- lango ✧ Ety/LAG
Derivations
- ᴹ√LAG “*cut” ✧ Ety/LAG
Cognates
- N. lhang “cutlass, sword” ✧ Ety/LAG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LAG > lango [laŋgo] ✧ Ety/LAG
raiqa
adjective. angry
Element in
- ᴹQ. i·nér né raiqa ar sí aphasta “the man was angry but now is in good humor (lit. it pleases him)” ✧ PE22/124
angaina
adjective. of iron
Cognates
- N. angren “of iron” ✧ Ety/ANGĀ
Elements
Word Gloss anga “iron” -ina “adjective suffix; passive participle”
elentāri vardan oiolossëan tintallen māli rāmar ortelūmenen
Elentāri Vardan Oiolossëan Tintallen māli rāmar ortelūmenen
Element in
- ᴹQ. Namárië, draft
angainor
proper name. Angainor
Variations
- Engainor ✧ LB/208 (Eq. Engainor); LBI/Angainor (Eq. Engainor)
Changes
- Engainor → Angainor ✧ LB/208
- Engainor → Angainor ✧ LBI/Angainor
anárion
masculine name. Anárion
Elements
Word Gloss Anar “Sun” -ion “-son”
aryandor
place name. Aryandor
Derivations
- ᴹ✶arʒāndōrē “Dread Land” ✧ PE21/32
Cognates
- Ilk. Ariador “Land Outside”
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Aryandora accusative - ✧ PE21/32
Another name for Tol Eressea, a variant of Avallon.