khibil
noun. spring
ethuil
noun. spring
celw
noun. spring, source
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. celw “spring, source” derived from the root ᴹ√KEL “go, run (especially of water), flow away downhill” (Ety/KEL). A similar form G. celu appeared in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s beside variant celwin, but there it had the gloss “rill, stream, runlet” (GL/25).
Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would be ᴺS. celu as suggested in HSD (HSD).
tuia-
verb. to sprout, spring; to swell
A verb appearing in its Noldorin-style infinitive form tuio in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TUY “spring, sprout”, the cognate of ᴹQ. tuia “sprouts, springs” (Ety/TUY). Under the root ᴹ√TIW “fat, thick”, Tolkien said the verb tuio meant “to swell” and was cognate to ᴹQ. tiuya- (Ety/TIW). I suspect it was the result of a blending of these two roots and meanings: “sprout, spring” when applied to plants and “swell” otherwise.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had the similarly-derived G. tuitha- “sprout, spring, gush”, likely based on the early root ᴱ√TUẎU (GL/71; QL/96).
tuilinn
noun. swallow, (lit.) spring-singer
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s for a “swallow” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tuilelindō “spring-singer” (Ety/LIN², TUY).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had G. {duil >>} G. duiling or duilinc “swallow”, apparently a diminutive form based on (archaic) ᴱ✶du̯il “bird” (GL/31). Tolkien also had deleted G. duil “spring” (GL/31), and in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon he gave as its cognate ᴱQ. tuilindo “spring-singer, swallow” under the early root ᴱ√TUẎU that was the basis for “spring” words (QL/96). However, Tolkien marked this Qenya form with a “✱” and said it was “not related”, so perhaps Tolkien reimagined word as a derivative of ✱ᴱ√DUYU that was the basis for “bird” words in the Gnomish Lexicon, since initial d became t in Early Qenya.
ᴱN. {duilen >>} duilin “a swallow” reappeared in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s (PE13/120) and duilin “swallow” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the same period (PE13/142). N. tuilinn “swallow, (lit.) spring-singer” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as described above.
eithel
noun. issue of water, spring, well, fountain
celw
noun. spring, source
echuir
noun. early Spring, (lit.) stirring
eithel
noun. issue of water, spring, well
tuia-
verb. to sprout, spring
mitheithel
place name. Hoarwell
lhasbelin
noun. season of autumn
mai
adverb. well
tui
noun. a sprout, bud
tuia-
verb. to swell
tuilin
noun. swallow (bird)
tuilind
noun. swallow (bird)
tuilinn
noun. swallow (bird)
tuiw
noun. a sprout, bud
twílë
noun. spring
ethuil
noun. spring, spring [the season]
tuil
noun. spring
eithel
noun. source, spring, well, source, spring, well, [N.] issue of water, fountain
A Sindarin noun for a source of water (RC/772). It appeared as an element in several names, such as Mitheithel, the Sindarin name for the river Hoarwell (LotR/200). From its glosses, it seems it could apply to a variety of water sources, including springs, wells and fountains (RC/772, SA/eithel, LR/301). It was derived from the primitive form ✶et-kelē, literally “✱out-flow”, but in ancient times the [tk] was transposed to [kt] giving ektelē (SA/kel; Ety/KEL). In Sindarin, this pair of voiceless stops became spirants [xθ], and then the [[s|[x] vocalized to [i]]] to form the diphthong [ei].
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, there were two distinct precursors to this word, G. aithl “spring” (GL/18) and G. {ecthel >>} ectheluin “fountain, fount” (GL/31) or ecthelin (GL/25); the latter’s form was ecthel in various name lists form this period (PE13/104; PE15/23). In Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s, there was an additional form ᴱN. eithlos “fountain” with several variants (PE13/142, 158); ᴱN. aithl “spring, fount, source” also reappeared (PE13/136, 158). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, these two forms seem to have merged into N. eithel “spring, issue of water” (Ety/KEL), and this is the source of derivation given above. All of the earlier forms seem to broadly have the same etymology, and so the changes represent the evolving phonetic development of the languages.
mitheithel
place name. Hoarwell, (lit.) Grey Spring
Sindarin name of the river Hoarwell (LotR/200), also translated “Hoary Spring” (RC/15), a combination of mith “grey” and eithel “spring” (RC/772; SA/mith, eithel).
Conceptual Development: This name was already N. Mitheithel when it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/14).
thranduil
masculine name. Vigorous Spring
Father of Legolas (LotR/240) translated “vigorous spring”, a combination of tharan “vigorous” and the lenited form of tuil “spring” (PE17/27, 187).
Conceptual Development: In the drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices, Tolkien indicated that this name was Lemberin (PM/36), so it is possible he considered making this name Nandorin like that of his son Legolas, but elsewhere he and his name were clearly marked as Sindarin (UT/256, PE17/27).
Thranduil
vigorous spring
_prop.n. _vigorous spring. >> tharan, tharanduil
tharanduil
vigorous spring
anglennatha i varanduiniant erin dolothen ethuil
will approach the Bridge of Baranduin on the eighth day of Spring
echuir
noun. early Spring, (lit.) stirring
celu
noun. spring, source
echuir
noun. a season, the beginning of spring
eithel
noun. issue of water, spring, well
ethuil
noun. season of spring
ethuil
spring
(season) ethuil (no distinct pl. form). SPRING-SINGER, see SWALLOW
celu
spring
(of water) 1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) (well) eithel (source, issue of water), pl. eithil.
tuia
spring
(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)
celu
spring
(i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.
eithel
spring
(source, issue of water), pl. eithil.
ethuil
spring
(no distinct pl. form).
tuia
spring
(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)
Thranduil
Vigorous spring
eithla-
verb. to spring, well forth, *issue forth
Celos
water falling swiftly from a spring
celos (i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).
Celos
water falling swiftly from a spring
celos (i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).
celos
water falling swiftly from a spring
(i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).
celu
noun. spring, source, spring, source; [G.] rill, stream, runlet
echuir
stirring, season of
. No distinct pl. form.
Celos
freshet
celos (i gelos, o chelos) (water falling swiftly from a spring), pl. celys (i chelys)
eithel
well
(= source) eithel (spring, issue of water), pl. eithil
eithel
issue of water
eithel (spring, well), pl. eithil
eithel
issue of water
eithel (spring, well, source), pl. eithil.
tuia
sprout
(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, spring)
tuilinn
swallow
(etymologically ”spring-singer”) *tuilinn (i duilinn, o thuilinn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thuilinn). Form normalized from tuilind in source; the latter would be an archaic form.
celos
freshet
(i gelos, o chelos) (water falling swiftly from a spring), pl. celys (i chelys)
eithel
well
(spring, issue of water), pl. eithil
eithel
issue of water
(spring, well), pl. eithil
tuia
sprout
(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, spring)
sirith
place name. Flowing
ar
outside
(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)
cab
leap
(vb.) cab- (i gâb, i chebir), pa.t. camp;
cabed
leap
(noun) cabed (i gabed, o chabed), pl. cebid (i chebid)
celeth
stream
(noun) 1) celeth (i geleth, o cheleth), pl. celith (i chelith), 2) sirith (i hirith, o sirith) (flowing), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith), 3) nên (water, lake, pool, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn, 4) rant (watercourse, water-channel, lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath.
cell
flowing
(adj., used of water) cell (running), lenited gell, pl. cill
gwirith
april
Gwirith (na **Wirith**)
lothron
may
Lothron
mae
well
(adverb) mae (lenited vae).
sirith
flowing
(noun) sirith (i hirith, o sirith) (stream), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith)
tui
sprout
(noun) tui or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (bud), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])
al-
well
pref. #well. Q. al(a)-. . This gloss was rejected.
cab-
verb. to leap
cabed
noun. leap
A noun for “leap” appearing in names like Cabed Naeramarth “Leap of Dreadful Doom” and Cabed-en-Aras “Deer’s Leap” (S/224; UT/150), apparently the gerund of a verb cab- “leap, ✱jump” based on the root ᴹ√KAP of similar meaning.
Conceptual Development: This root dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, and there are similar nouns based on this root appear in Tolkien’s earlier writings: G. camp “leap” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/24) and ᴱN. cais “leap” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/140). The latter was based on primitive ᴱ✶kapse, with the diphthong ai the result of the vocalization of p to i.
cabed
gerund noun. leap
Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad )
cabed
gerund noun. deep gorge
Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad )
firith
noun. season of fading
gwirith
noun. april (month)
iavas
noun. season of autumn
laer
noun. season of summer
lasbelin
noun. season of autumn
mae
adverb. well
mae
adverb. well
adv. well. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.
mae
well
_ adv. _well. >> mael
mael
adjective. well
_ adj. _well. adjective << adverb. >> mae
mael
adjective. well
sirith
noun. flowing
sirith
noun. flowing
sîr
stream
_ n. _stream. >> Nanduhirion
ar
outside
(without)
cab
leap
(i gâb, i chebir), pa.t. camp;
cabed
leap
(i gabed, o chabed), pl. cebid (i chebid)
celeth
stream
(i geleth, o cheleth), pl. celith (i chelith)
cell
flowing
(running), lenited gell, pl. cill
eth
adverb/adjective. outside
gwirith
april
(na ’Wirith)
lothron
may
mae
well
(lenited vae).
nên
stream
(water, lake, pool, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn
rant
stream
(watercourse, water-channel, lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath.
sirith
stream
(i hirith, o sirith) (flowing), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith)
sirith
flowing
(i hirith, o sirith) (stream), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith)
tui
sprout
or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (bud), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])
tuilinn
swallow
(i duilinn, o thuilinn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thuilinn). Form normalized from tuilind in source; the latter would be an archaic form.
tuilë
noun. spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green
ehtelë
noun. spring, issue of water
A noun glossed “spring, issue of water”, derived from the primitive form ✶et-kelē, literally “✱out-flow”, but in ancient times the [tk] was transposed to [kt] giving ektelē (SA/kel; Ety/KEL). In Quenya, this kt became ht [xt].
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, this word appeared as ᴱQ. ektele “fountain”, a variant of ᴱQ. kektele (QL/35). This word was mentioned in a number of other documents from this period, including the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/31), the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/46), and the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/23). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it appeared as ᴱQ. ehtil (PE13/136, 158). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as ᴹQ. ehtele with the gloss and derivation given above (Ety/ET, KEL).
capalinda
spring of water
capalinda _("k")_noun "spring of water" (LT1:257; ehtelë may be preferred in LotR-style Quenya)
celussë
freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring
celussë ("k")noun "freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring" (UT:426, VT49:30)
celussë
noun. freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring
Quenya equivalent of the river name S. Celos, glossed “freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring” and derived from a combination of ✶kelu- “flow (swiftly)” and the abstract noun suffix -ssë (UTI/Celos). A shorter primitive form {kelut >>} ✶kelus “brook” appeared in the Common Eldarin: Verb Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s (PE21/71).
ehtelë
issue of water, spring
ehtelë noun "issue of water, spring" (SA:kel-, KEL, ET). Compare "Qenya" ectelë ("k")"fountain" (LT1:257, LT2:338; in LotR-style Quenya ehtelë).
tuia-
verb. sprout, spring
tuia- vb. "sprout, spring" (Tolkien's gloss is actually "sprouts, springs", since tuia is also the 3rd pers. sg. present tense [or aorist]) (TUY)
tuilérë
spring-day
tuilérë noun *"Spring-day", a day outside the months in the Steward's Reckoning, inserted between Súlimë and Víressë (rough equivalents of March and April). In Tolkien's early "Qenya", Tuilérë was simply glossed "Spring" (LT1:269).
tuilë
spring, spring-time
tuilë noun "spring, spring-time", also used = "dayspring, early morn" (VT39:7, TUY), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. tuima in Tolkien's later Quenya.
tuilérë
noun. *spring-day
celu-
verb. spring forth (of water)
coirë
stirring
coirë noun "stirring", in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days (Appendix D), but translated "the first day of Spring" in the Silmarillion Appendix (SA:cuivië). Early "Qenya" has coirë ("k")"life" (LT1:257; in Tolkien's later Quenya, the word for "life" is cuilë or coivië; however, cf. the adj. coirëa from a late source).
celwë
noun. spring, source
laucehtelë
noun. hot spring
etsë
outside, exterior
etsë noun "outside, exterior", glosses changed from ?"issuing" and ?"spring" (VT45:13)
locta-
verb. sprout, put forth leaves or flowers
locta- _("k")_vb."sprout, put forth leaves or flowers" (LT1:258; this would have to become *lohta- in LotR-style Quenya, but later forms like losta- "to bloom" and tuia- "to sprout, spring" are to be preferred.)
tuilindo
swallow
tuilindo noun "swallow", etymologically "spring-singer" (TUY, LIN2, LT1:269, LT2:338)
Calainis
may
Calainis _("k")_noun "May" (LT1:252, 254; in Tolkien's later Quenya Lótessë)
Mairen
well
Mairen fem. name(UT:210), initial element perhaps related or identical to mai "well". The second element is obscure; the root REN "recall, have in mind" (PM:372) could be related; if so the name may imply "well remembered", "(of) good memory" or something similar. It may also connect with the adj. maira, q.v. and compare the masc. name Mairon (PE18:163).
Víressë
april
Víressë noun, fourth month of the year, "April" (Appendix D). The Quenya name is apparently related to words for youth and freshness; compare vírië, virya.
ar-
outside
ar- (1) prefix "outside" (AR2), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected). Cf. ara.
ara
outside, beside, besides
ara prep.(and adv.?) "outside, beside, besides" (AR2, VT49:57). According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ar(a), see ar #1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni "beside me", astyë "beside you" (informal), allë "besides you" (formal), arsë "beside him/her", plural anwë > armë "beside us" (exclusive), arwë "beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë "beside you" (plural), astë > artë "beside them"; dual anwet > armet "beside us (two)". (Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.) The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence "beside the" (VT49:24-25)
ava
outside, beyond
ava (1) adv.? noun? prep.? "outside, beyond" (AWA, VT45:6)
cap-
verb. leap
celu
stream
celu _("k")_noun "stream" (LT1:257; rather celumë in LotR-style Quenya)
celumë
stream, flow
celumë ("k")noun "stream, flow" (KEL, LT1:257); locative pl. celumessen ("k") in Markirya (ëar-celumessen is translated "in the flowing sea", lit. *"in sea-streams").
ehtelu-
verb. well, bubble out
ettë
outside
ettë noun(and/or adv.?) "outside" (ET)
halta-
verb. to leap
halta- vb. "to leap" (LT1:254)
mai
well
mai (1) adv. "well" (VT47:6), apparently also used as prefix (PE17:17:162, 163, 172)
mai
adverb. well, well; [ᴱQ.] too much
mandë
well
mandë (2) adv. "well" (VT49:26; this is "Qenya"). Rather mai in Tolkiens later Quenya.
sirea
adjective. flowing, liquid
sirilla
flowing
sirilla participle *"flowing", "Qenya" participle of siri- "flow" (Narqelion, cf. QL:xiv)
tampo
well
tampo noun "well" (QL:93)
tuima
sprout, bud
tuima noun "sprout, bud" (TUY)
tampo
noun. well
et-kelē
noun. spring, issue of water
et-kel
verb. spring out (of water)
kelutā-
verb. to cause to spring forth, start (water) flowing, tap
mai
adverb. well
sīru
noun. stream
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
kelulinde
noun. spring
kapta-
verb. to make spring, scatter
A verb appearing in the initial drafts of Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s as ᴹQ. kapta- “make spring, scatter”, a combination of ᴹ√KAP “leap” with the causative suffix ᴹ✶-tā so more literally “make leap”, and having a variant kapsa- in the Lindarin dialect (PE19/41-43, note #79). Tolkien rejected the relevant section while exploring other possible phonetic developments of pt (PE19/41).
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kapta- was glossed {“swallow” >>} “startle” under the early root ᴱ√KAPA “leap, spring”, though Tolkien marked this word with a “?” (QL/45). In documents from the 1920s, ᴱQ. kapta- was glossed “leap” (PE14/56, 58, 66).
Neo-Quenya: Since kapta- is consistent with the phonetic rules described in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, I would retain ᴺQ. capta- (pronounced [kaɸta]) with the senses “to make spring, scatter; to startle”. In ordinary use I would assume capta- mainly means “startle, (orig.) make leap”. To emphasize that the startled individuals actually scatter away, I would combine it with the adverb öa “away”: captalvet oa = “we scattered them, (lit.) we startled them away”.
kelu-
verb. to (begin to) flow, spring forth (of water)
A verb in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 given as the main example of a u-verb, with glosses like “flow”, “begin to flow” and “spring forth (of water)” and derived from the root √KEL “flow” (PE22/97, 110, 114). It seems that originally the u-extension to this verb was simply to make the form more distinct: “In addition many bases of simple √TAL form made verbs of a different sort, employing a fixed vocalic suffix (ū, or ā̆) after the base: as √KEL: kelu ‘flow, well up’ (PE22/98)”. But the u-verb extension often had an inceptive sense (indicating the beginning of things), so that the sense of celu- shifted: “But is also outside tense associated with the notion of ‘begin to do something now (completed later)’ so in u-verbs: kelu, begin to flow (PE22/97)”.
Tolkien discussed this at length in the section of QVS on u-verbs:
> The sense-difference between these and normal verbs is not so clear, since an additional -u seems often to have been added as a mere formative: to increase the phonetic content of the stem, as liru- “sing (gaily)”; or to distinguish between bases of identical (or similar) form with different senses, as kelu- “spring forth (of water)”: √KEL, √KYEL, run away especially downwards or to an end, cf. kelya “(it) sends running down = it rains”.
But often as in case kelu- above this suffix marks the beginning (more or less sudden) of an action that may continue later, and was thus anciently and still in Quenya often conjoined with the prefix ete/et- “out”: so in the ancient ektelu- (< etkelu) “gush forth” (PE22/114).
As such, I think this verb primarily has the sense “flow forth or spring forth (of liquids)”, indicating either a sudden new flow or the beginning place of an ongoing flow, such as Anduinë celu i Míse Orontillon “Anduin flows forth from the Grey Mountains”. For a more ordinary continuous “flow”, I think the verbs sirya- or [ᴹQ.] sir- would be used. I also think the related verb [ᴹQ.] ehtelu- < ᴹ✶ektelu- originally had the sense “✱flow out of an entrance”, so generally from underground hence = “well or bubble up”; see that entry for discussion.
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. kelu- “flow” dates back all the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared under the early root ᴱ√KELE or ᴱ√KELU “flow, run; ooze, trickle” (QL/46), but there is no indication that it had an inceptive sense in the 1910s or 20s.
tuia-
verb. to sprout, spring
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sprouts, springs” under the root ᴹ√TUY “spring, sprout” (Ety/TUY).
tuilindo
noun. swallow, (lit.) spring-singer
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “swallow, spring-singer”, a combination of ᴹQ. tuile “spring” and ᴹQ. lindo “singer” (Ety/LIN², TUY).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. tuilindo “spring-singer, swallow” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TUẎU, apparently with the same derivation as it had in the 1930s (QL/96). Tuilindo “swallow” also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/96).
ehtele
noun. spring, issue of water
ertuilë
noun. April, *First-spring
nótuile
noun. May, *After-spring
tuile
noun. spring, spring-time
koire
noun. Stirring
ette
adverb/adjective. outside
aithl
noun. spring
tuil
noun. spring
aithyl
noun. spring
hairen
feminine name. Spring
gwelwi
noun. spring of water
tuilir
noun. spring(time)
tuitha-
verb. to sprout, spring, gush
aithla-
verb. to spring (from), issue forth, bubble up
duilin(g)
noun. swallow
camp
noun. leap
duif
noun. stream
duil
noun. swallow
duilin
masculine name. Swallow
duilinc
noun. swallow
glindwil
noun. swallow
mai
adverb. well
tethla-
verb. to bud
A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s gloss “to bud” (GL/70), likely based on the early root ᴱ√TETE “bud, blossom” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/92).
ûthi
noun. outside
tuilére
noun. Spring
welwe
noun. spring
welme
noun. spring
kapalinda
noun. spring of water
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s for a “spring of water”, derived from the root ᴱ√KAPA “leap, spring” (QL/45).
kekta
noun. jet, spring
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “jet, spring”, derived from the root ᴱ√KEKE “to bubble up” (QL/46).
qelu
noun. well, spring, source
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. qelu “well, spring, source” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√QEL+U, a variant of ᴱ√KELU (QL/76). It also appeared with the gloss “well, spring” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/76).
Neo-Quenya: Related words ᴱQ. qelume “source, origin” and ᴱQ. qeluva “original” indicate this word could be used for the “source” of things beyond just water. As such, I think this word might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as ᴺQ. celu “source, origin”, from the later root √KELU. The form quel- can’t be retained, as this means “fade” in Tolkien’s later writings, and the abstract form celumë can’t be used, as this means “flowing”.
ehtil
noun. spring, fount, source
tuile
noun. spring, (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green
kelu(me)
noun. stream; fountain, spring
tuilenda
adjective. spring-like; fresh, sprouting, green
tuilindo
noun. swallow, (lit.) spring-singer
tuiléris
proper name. April
A name for the month of April in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/96), apparently an elaboration of Tuilére “Spring”.
ausi-
prefix. well
erus(ta)
noun/adjective. outside
kalainis
proper name. May
A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/44), an abstract noun formation from kalaine “serenity, serene”.
lotession
proper name. May
lunde kalaina
proper name. May
A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and kalain(e)a “serene” similar to another name of this month: Kalainis.
lunde lótea
proper name. May
lunde timpínea
proper name. April
mande
adverb. well
síre
noun. stream
tampo
noun. well
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).
Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).
vande
adverb. well
kap
root. leap, leap, [ᴱ√] spring
This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “leap” (Ety/KAP), and was simply a later iteration of ᴱ√KAPA “leap, spring” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45). The root appeared in various other places in the 1920s (PE14/66), 30s (PE19/42) and 40s (PE22/102), always with the same meaning. The root itself did not appear in Tolkien’s later writing, but his continued use of derivatives like S. cabed “leap” (S/224) and S. cáfru “✱flea” < ✶kamprū (PE17/131) indicate its continued validity.
ektele
noun. spring, issue of water
et-kelē
noun. spring, issue of water
tuilelindō
noun. spring-singer, swallow
tuilē
noun. spring (time)
lak
root. swallow
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “swallow” with variant ᴹ√LANK and derivatives ᴹQ. lanko/N. lhanc “throat” (Ety/LAK¹, LANK), the latter an element in N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate” (Ety/TÁRAG). This last word was changed to S. tarlang in Tolkien’s later writings (PE17/92; RC/536), consistent with an earlier but rejected form ᴹ√LANG for ᴹ√LANK in The Etymologies (Ety/LANK).
In later writings, Q. lango/S. lang meant “neck” rather than “throat”, so it is tempting to retain ᴹ√LAK for “throat” and other swallow-words. But it would be very confusing to have such similar but unrelated words for “neck” and “throat”, so I recommend using the root ᴹ√SLUK for “swallow” instead, and Q. lango, S. lang for both “neck” and “throat”.
lank
root. swallow
sluk
root. swallow
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no derivatives (Ety/SLUK).
eithla-
verb. to spring, well forth
A word in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s given as an infinitive (and noun) eithlod “springing, welling forth”, simply a verb form of ᴱN. aithl “spring” (PE13/158). There was a similar verb G. aithla- “to spring from, bubble up, etc.” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/18), altered to aithlo- or aithl- in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/108).
Neo-Sindarin: I think this early verb may be salvaged as ᴺS. eithla- “to spring, well forth, ✱issue forth”, a verb form of S. eithel “source, spring”.
aithl
noun. spring, fount, source
cais
noun. leap
duilin
noun. swallow
sîr
noun. stream
kapa
root. leap, spring
A noun translated “spring” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).