perhaps a TALAT-stem verb
Quenya
quet-
say, speak
pakta-
verb. to speak, talk (intransitive)
Derivations
- √PAKAT “*talk, speech” ✧ PE17/126
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √PAKAT > pakta- [pakta-] > [paxta-] ✧ PE17/126
nyar-
verb. talk
quet-
verb. to say, speak, tell, to say, speak, tell, [ᴱQ.] talk
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- Q. alaquenta “well (happily) said”
- ᴺQ. apaquet- “to forebode, foretell, predict”
- ᴺQ. asquétima “easy to say”
- Q. cé mo quetë ulca “*if one speaks evil” ✧ VT49/19
- Q. enquet- “to repeat, say again”
- Q.
ataquetië“saying again, repetition”- ᴺQ. etequet- “to confess, speak out”
- ᴺQ. hanquet- “to answer, *respond”
- ᴺQ. nanquet- “to answer”
- Q. endaquet- “to answer”
- Q. tóquet- “to answer”
- Q. istan quetë “I can speak, I know how to speak”
- ᴺQ. lanquet- “to converse, debate, *discuss”
- ᴺQ. lanquetta “conversation, debate, interchange of words”
- Q. láquet- “to deny (fact or accusation); (lit.) to say ‘it is not’”
- Q. lertan quetë “I can speak, I am free to speak” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/06
- Q. loiquetë “mistake in speech”
- Q. maquet- “*to question, ask”
- ᴺQ. meluquetya “sweet-speaking person, flatterer”
- ᴺQ. mirquet- “to persuade, (lit.) into-talk”
- Q. naiquet- “to curse or blaspheme”
- Q. náner ataformaitë ve fírimor quetir “*were ambidextrous as mortals say” ✧ VT49/11
- ᴺQ. nanquet- “to talk back, speak against”
- Q. náquet- “to assent, agree (on fact); (lit.) to say ‘it is’”
- ᴺQ. nenquet- “to condescend, (orig.) speak down the nose”
- Q. órenya quéta nin “my heart is saying to me” ✧ VT41/13
- Q. órenya quetë nin “my heart tells me” ✧ VT41/11
- Q. polin quetë “I can speak, I am able to speak” ✧ PE17/181; VT41/06
- Q. Quendë “Elf, (lit.) One That Speaks”
- Q. quenten tulil márië nin “I said: you come happily (for me)” ✧ PE22/158
- Q. quentë Quengoldo “Thus spoke Pengoloð” ✧ PM/404
- Q. queta Quenya “speak Quenya” ✧ PE17/137; PE17/138
- Q. quetë Quenya “*speaks Quenya” ✧ PE17/138
- Q. quetië “words, words, *(lit.) saying” ✧ PE22/158; VT49/28
- Q. quétima “speakable, pronounceable, able to be said, speakable, pronounceable, [ᴹQ.] utterable, able to be said”
- Q. quetir en “they still say” ✧ PE17/167
- ᴺQ. quetítë “having speech, able to talk, good at expression, glib”
- Q. sáquet- “I will, to agree (to do); (lit.) to say ‘yes’”
- Q. sin quentë Quendingoldo Elendilenna “*thus Pengoloð said to Elendil” ✧ PM/401
- ᴺQ. ulquet- “to accuse”
- Q. váquet- “to refuse, forbid, prohibit; (lit.) to say no, to say ‘I will not or do not’”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KWET > qet- [kwet-] ✧ PE17/126 √quet- > quet- [kwet-] ✧ SA/quen Variations
- quĕt- ✧ PE17/040
- qet- ✧ PE17/126
carpa-
verb. to talk, speak, use tongue
Cognates
- S. carfa- “to talk, speak, use tongue” ✧ PE17/126
Derivations
- √KARAP “*talk, speech” ✧ PE17/126
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √KARAP > karpa- [karpa-] ✧ PE17/126 Variations
- karpa- ✧ PE17/126
á
immediate time reference
a (3), also á, imperative particle. An imperative with "immediate time reference" is expressed by á in front of the verb (or "occasionally after it, sometimes before and after for emphasis"), with the verb following in "the simplest form also used for the uninflected aorist without specific time reference past or present or future" (PE17:93). Cf. a laita te, laita te! "[o] bless them, bless them!", á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally "o rule Manwë!" (see laita, vala for reference); cf. also á carë "do[!]", á ricë "try!", á lirë "sing[!]", á menë "proceed[!]", a norë "run[!]" (PE17:92-93, notice short a in this example), á tula "come!" (VT43:14). In the last example, the verb tul- "come" receives an ending -a that probably represents the _suffixed form of the imperative particle, this apparently being an example of the imperative element occurring both "before and after" the verbal stem "for emphasis" (PE17:93)_. This ending may also appear on its own with no preceding a/á, as in the command queta "speak!" (PE17:138). Other examples of imperatives with suffixed -a include cena and tira (VT47:31, see cen-, tir-); the imperatives of these same verbs are however also attested as á tirë, á cenë (PE17:94) with the imperative particle remaining independent and the following verb appearing as an uninflected aorist stem. This aorist can be plural to indicate a 3rd person pl. subject: á ricir! "let them try!" (PE17:93). Alyë (VT43:17, VT44:9) seems to be the imperative particle a with the pronominal suffix -lyë "you, thou" suffixed to indicate the subject who is to carry out the command; attested in the phrase alyë anta "give thou" (elided aly' in VT43:11, since the next word begins in e-: aly' eterúna me, *"do thou deliver us"); presumably other pronominal suffixes could likewise be added. The particle a is also present in the negative imperatives ala, #ála or áva, q.v.
-ima
fair
-ima adjectival suffix. Sometimes it is used to derive simple adjectives, like vanima "fair" or calima "bright"; it can also take on the meaning "-able" (PE17:68), as in mátima "edible" (mat- "eat"), nótima "countable" (not- "count") and (with a negative prefix) úquétima "unspeakable" (from quet- "speak"). Note that the stem-vowel is normally lengthened in the derivatives where -ima means "-able", though this fails to occur in cenima "visible" (q.v., but contrast hraicénima, q.v.) and also before a consonant cluster as in úfantima "not concealable" (PE17:176). "X-ima" may mean "apt to X" (when the ending is added to an intransitive verbal stem), as in Fírimar "mortals", literally "those apt to die" (WJ:387). The adj. úfantima "not concealable" (PE17:176) also appears as úfantuma (PE17:180), indicating the existence of a variant ending -uma (possibly used to derive adjectives with a "bad" meaning; compare the ending *-unqua next to -inqua, q.v.)
alya
fair, good
alya (1) adj. "fair, good" (PE17:146), "prosperous, rich, abundant, blessed" (GALA). In a deleted entry in Etym, the glosses provided were "rich, blessed"; another deleted entry defined alya as "rich, prosperous, blessed". (GALA, [ÁLAM], VT42:32, 45:5, 14)
vanya
fair
vanya (1) adj. "fair" (FS), "beautiful" (BAN), a word referring to beauty that is "due to lack of fault, or blemish" (PE17:150), hence Arda Vanya as an alternative to Arda Alahasta for "Arda Unmarred" (ibid., compare MR:254). Nominal pl. Vanyar "the Fair", the first clan of the Eldar; the original meaning of this stem was "pale, light-coloured, not brown or dark" (WJ:382, 383, stem given as WAN), "properly = white complexion and blonde hair" (PE17:154, stem given as GWAN); stems BAN vs. WAN discussed, see PE17:150.
vanë
fair
vanë adj. "fair" (LT1:272; in Tolkien's later Quenya rather vanya)
vanë
adjective. fair, fair, [ᴱQ.] lovely
Derivations
- √BAN “beauty (due to lack of fault or blemish); fair, beautiful” ✧ PE17/056
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √BAN > vane [bani] > [bane] > [βane] > [vane] ✧ PE17/056 Variations
- vane ✧ PE17/056
alima
fair, good
alima adj. "fair, good" (also alya) (PE17:146)
linda
fair, beautiful
linda adj. "fair, beautiful" (of sound) (SLIN, LIND; VT45:27), "soft, gentle, light" (PE16:96), "beautiful, sweet, melodious of sound" (PE17:150); for Linda as a noun, see Lindar.
pahta-
verb. to speak, talk (intransitive)
Cognates
- ᴺS. paetha- “to utter, speak, talk”
Derivations
- √PAKAT “*talk, speech”
Element in
- ᴺQ. pahtando “orator”
quet- vb. "say, speak" (SA:quen-/quet-, LT2:348), sg. aorist quetë in VT41:11 and VT49:19 (spelt "qete" in the latter source), not to be confused with the infinitival aorist stem in the example polin quetë "I can speak" (VT41:6); pl. aorist quetir in VT49:10-11, present tense quéta in VT41:13, pa.t. quentë in PM:401, 404, apparent gerund quetië in VT49:28 (by Tolkien translated as "words", but more literally evidently *"speaking"). Imperative in the command queta Quenya! "speak Quenya!" (PE17:138), see Quenya regarding the meaning of this phrase. The same verb is translated "tell" in the sentence órenya quetë nin "my heart tells me" (VT41:15). Cf. also #maquet-