-red

suffix. applied esp

suff. applied esp. to colours and shapes. >> rhaed, -rhed

red-

verb. to climb

A neologism coined by Vyacheslav Stepanov posted on 2022-03-27 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), derived from √RET “climb” and inspired by ᴺQ. ret-.

caranthir

masculine name. Red-face

Fourth son of Fëanor, called “the Dark” (S/60). His name is a combination of caran “red” and thîr “face” (VT41/10), an adaptation of his mother name Q. Carnistir “Red-face” (PM/353).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, his name was ᴱN. Cranthor (LT2/241). Tolkien change his name to Cranthir in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/80) and this was also his name in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/223). N. Cranthir appeared in The Etymologies with the translation “Ruddy-face” (Ety/KARÁN, THĒ), already with essentially the same etymology as its final version.

In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien vacillated between Cranthir and Caranthir, ultimately settling on the latter (WJ/115).

maedhros

masculine name. *Shapely and Red-haired

Eldest son of Fëanor (S/60). His name is an adaption of elements from both his mother-name Q. Maitimo “Well-shaped One” and his nickname Q. Russandol “Copper-top”: S. maed “shapely” and S. ross “red-haired” (PM/366). As such, his name was more properly spelled Maedros (PM/352).

Conceptual Development: When he first appeared in the earliest Lost Tales, this character’s name was G. Maidros (LT2/241), a name that earlier in the tales was used for the grandfather of Fëanor (LT1/146). This form continued to be used in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/88, LR/223), but in The Etymologies, Tolkien said it was an anglicanization of proper Noldorin Maidhros “Pale-glitter” (Ety/MAD), which also appeared in The Etymologies as N. Maedhros (Ety/RUS).

The form Maidhros continued to appear in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/115), but for the most part earlier Maidros was revised to Maedhros (MR/177), the form Christopher Tolkien adopted for the published version of The Silmarillion: see N. [[n|[ai] revised to [ae]]]. Tolkien constructed the derivation given above in The Shibboleth of Fëanor, where he actually used the form Maedros (PM/352, 366). Later still he considered revising the name to Maedron (PM/372, note #2), but this change was not carried out in the texts.

ross

adjective. red-haired, copper-coloured

borgil

proper name. Red-star

Name of a red star (LotR/81), a combination of born “hot, red” and gil “star” (Let/426-7).

caralluin

adjective. *red-blue

ross

adjective. red-haired, copper coloured (especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc.)

caran

adjective. red

caran

adjective. red

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

Caranthir

Red-face

Caranthir's father-name was Morifinwë, meaning "Dark Finwë", a reference to his dark hair. The Quenya word was formed using the noun more, meaning "blackness", "night" or "dark", which became mori- when added to his grandfather's name, Finwë. His mother-name was Carnistir, which can be translated as "Red-face". Carnë in Quenya means "red" or "scarlet". The name Caranthir is the Sindarin translation of his mother-name.

amosgarn

noun. robin, (lit.) red-breast

ross

red-haired

ross (russet, copper-coloured, reddish), pl. ryss. _(PM:366, VT41:9) _Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

ross

red-haired

(russet, copper-coloured, reddish), pl. ryss. (PM:366, VT41:9) Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

ruin

noun/adjective. red flame; fiery red

An element in the names Orodruin “Mountain of Fire” (LotR/899). In the Silmarillion appendix Christopher Tolkien translated it as “red flame”, cognate to Q. rúnya (SA/ruin). However, in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 Tolkien gave it the gloss “fiery red” and a Quenya cognate Q. runya, both derived from the root √RUN “red, glowing”. Finally in notes from 1964, Tolkien suggested it might be an element in Angruin “Iron Fire”, a possible replacement for the name Glaurung, and gave it the Quenya cognate ruinë “blaze, fire” based on the root √RUY “blaze (red)” (PE17/183).

Conceptual Development: The word N. rhuin was mentioned in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s, but without translation. N. Orodruin “Fire-Mountain” appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/28, 39).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think both the noun and adjective senses of this word can be retained.

Caranthir

Caranthir

Caranthir's father-name was Morifinwë, meaning "Dark Finwë", a reference to his dark hair. The Quenya word was formed using the noun more, meaning "blackness", "night" or "dark", which became mori- when added to his grandfather's name, Finwë. His mother-name was Carnistir, which can be translated as "Red-face". Carnë in Quenya means "red" or "scarlet". The name Caranthir is the Sindarin translation of his mother-name.

gaer

copper-coloured

1) gaer (red, reddish, ruddy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea". 2) ross (russet, red-haired, reddish), pl. ryss. _(PM:366, VT41:9) _Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

ross

copper-coloured

(russet, red-haired, reddish), pl. ryss. (PM:366, VT41:9) Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

born

adjective. hot, red

born

hot

(red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

úrui

hot

1) úrui (no distinct pl. form), 2) born (red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

urui

noun/adjective. hot

urui

noun/adjective. the month of august

-rhed

suffix. applied esp

suff. applied esp. to colours and shapes. >> -red, rhaed

Anor

noun. sun

Anor

noun. Sun

_n. Astron._Sun. Q. anār/anăr. >> Ithil

amrad-

verb. to climb

A verb for “climb” appearing in a rejected note from the late 1960s, probably a combination of am “up” and RAT “find a way”.

Neo-Sindarin: I would retain ᴺS. amrad- for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since it is the only attested Sindarin verb with this meaning.

anor

noun. Sun

The most common Sindarin name for the Sun derived from primitive ✶Anār, an augmented form of the root √NAR “fire” (PE17/38; Ety/ANÁR; SD/302-303, 306). The o is the result of ancient ā becoming au and then this au becoming o in polysyllables.

Conceptual Development: The term Anor was first mentioned in conjunction with early tales of Númenor (LR/41). It briefly appeared as N. {ánar >>} Anar “sun” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the entry for ᴹ√NAR (Ety/NAR¹; EtyAC/NAR¹), but as Anor under ᴹ√ANÁR (Ety/ANÁR). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s it was Anor, archaic †Anaur (SD/302-303, 306) and it retained this form thereafter.

born

adjective. hot, red

caradhras

place name. Redhorn

Sindarin name of a peak in the Misty Mountains translated “Redhorn”, itself a translation of Kh. Barazinbar of the same meaning (LotR/283). This name is a combination of caran “red” and ras(s) “horn”, with the dh appearing because [[s|[nr] became [ðr]]] in the phonological history of Sindarin (LotR/1113, PE17/36).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien first considered and rejected the names N. Bliscarn and N. Carnbeleg before settling on N. Taragaer “Ruddyhorn” (RS/419, 433), with Taragaer also appearing in The Etymologies (Ety/TARÁK). In these early drafts, Tolkien also considered the names N. Caradras and Rhascaron (RS/433), and he eventually switched to Caradras >> Caradhras (TI/166), keeping the final name thereafter.

caran-rass

place name. Redhorn

The archaic form of Caradhras; see that entry for further discussion.

carcharoth

masculine name. Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang

A great werewolf bred by Morgoth to be the bane of Huan, who later bit off the hand of Beren. His name was translated “Red Maw” (S/180).

Possible Etymology: As indicated by Christopher Tolkien, this name very likely contains carch “fang, tooth” (SA/carak, Ety/KARAK), perhaps as its first element. The name probably also contains caran “red” (SA/caran), which might be the basis of the middle element. Alternately, car(an) could be the initial element, with the nasal mutation char(ch) of carch as the middle element. The final element seems to be the augmentative suffix -oth. Perhaps a more literal translation of the name would be “✱Great Red Fang”. Alternately, perhaps carch + oth = caroth means “maw”, and “Red Maw” is an exact translation.

Conceptual Development: When this character first appeared in the earliest Lost Tales, he was given the (Early) Qenya name ᴱQ. Karkaras “Knife-fang” (LT2/21), soon replaced by its Gnomish equivalent G. Carcaras. The name G. Carcharoth emerged in The Lays of Beleriand, along with its translation “Red Maw” (LB/289). For some time, Tolkien vacillated between Carcaras “Knife-fang” and Carcharoth “Red Maw”, with minor variants on each form, such as Carcharas (SM/115) or Carcharolch (LB/119). The name N. Carcharoth appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KARAK (Ety/KARAK), and thereafter Tolkien used only this form.

cardolan

place name. ?Red Hill Land

The southernmost of the successor-realms of Arnor after it was divided into three kingdoms (LotR/1039). Tolkien did not translate the name, but it is often interpreted as “Red Hill Land”, as suggested by Hammond and Scull (RC/690) or David Salo (GS/371), a combination of caran “red”, dol(l) “hill” and the suffix -(i)an “land”. @@@ Originally suggested by Robert Foster, need ref.

carn dûm

place name. ?Red Valley

Chief settlement of Angmar (LotR/146). The language and meaning of this name is unclear, but it is often suggested this it is Sindarin, a combination of carn “red” and a lenited form of tûm “valley” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/371). The name may be debased Elvish, like the name of its kingdom Angmar, since the normal Sindarin words would be caran and tum. The name also resembles an early (rejected) name N. Caron-dûn or Carndoom “Red Valley” found in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, and could be a re-emergence of that name (RS/419, 433).

cordof

noun. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple)

cordof

masculine name. Pippin

Sindarin translation of the name Pippin, referring to the son of Samwise Gamgee rather than the Peregrin Took (SD/117, 126). This name may have the same meaning as Pippin = Wes. razar “a kind of small red apple” (PM/51), as suggested by David Salo (GS/346).

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

rein

noun. slot, spoor, track, footprint

rhaed

adjective. applied esp

adj. applied esp. to colours and shapes. rhaed << raed. >> -red, -rhed, rhîd

rhaed

noun. peculiar hue, (special) fashion

rhosc

adjective. russet, russet, [N.] brown

rhîd

adjective. applied esp

adj. applied esp. to colours and shapes. Maybe the plural form of rhaed. >> -red, rhaed, -rhed

rhîd

noun. peculiar hue, (special) fashion

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

rusc

noun. fox

rusc

noun. fox

The Sindarin word for “fox” from the root √(u)rus “brownish red”. Normally a short u became o in Sindarin, but in this case it seems likely that the presence of a second u (later lost) help preserve the u in rusc.

rust

noun. copper

rust

noun. copper

A noun for “copper” in notes from the late 1960s based on the root √(u)rus (VT41/10).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tăm “copper” (GL/69), clearly the cognate of ᴱQ. tambe “copper, bronze” under the early root ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/88).

rustui

adjective. of copper

rustui

adjective. copper, copper, *of copper, like copper

An adjectival form of rust “copper” in notes from the late 1960s (VT41/10).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tambin “of copper” and G. tambrin “like copper”, both based on G. tăm “copper” (GL/69).

Anor

sun

1) Anor (pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306). 2) naur (mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.

amarthan

fated

amarthan (pl. emerthain)

amarthan

fated

(pl. emerthain)

amrad-

verb. to climb

anor

sun

(pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306).

brassen

white-hot

(lenited vrassen, pl. bressin)

cordof

pippin

(small red apple) cordof (i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll. pl. cordovath

cordof

pippin

(i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll. pl. cordovath

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

crann

ruddy

(of face) crann (lenited grann, pl. crain).

crann

ruddy

1) (of face) crann (lenited grann, pl. crain), 2) gruin (lenited ruin, no distinct pl. form), 3) gaer (copper-coloured, red, reddish); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

culuin

adjective. golden-red, orange (in colour)

gaer

copper-coloured

(red, reddish, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gaer

ruddy

(copper-coloured, red, reddish); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

gaer

red, reddish

gaer (copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gruin

ruddy

(lenited ’ruin, no distinct pl. form)

naur

sun

(mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.

rhosc

russet

rhosc (red, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc

rhosc

russet

(red, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc

rosg

noun. fox

A neologism for “fox” coined by Ryszard Derdzinski in PPW (PPW) from the early 2000s, based on Q. rusco (PM/353). However, the actual Sindarin form S. rusc as published in Vinyar Tengwar #41 (VT41/10).

ruin

fiery red

ruin (burning); no distinct pl. form. Also used as noun ”red flame, blazing fire”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366) Note: a homophone means ”slot, spoor, track, footprint”.

ruin

red flame

ruin (no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (blazing fire). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)

ruin

red flame

ruin (no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (blazing fire). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)

ruin

slot

*ruin (spoor, track, footprint), pl. rŷn (idh rŷn). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. __. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.

ruin

slot

(spoor, track, footprint), pl. r**ŷn (idh r**ŷn). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”rhoein” = rhöin, LR:364 s.v. RUN. Note: a homophone means ”blazing fire, red flame” and also ”fiery red, burning” as an adj.

rusc

fox

rusc, pl. rysc (idh rysc)

rusc

fox

pl. rysc (idh rysc)

rust

copper

rust, pl. ryst (idh ryst) if there is a pl. Possibly also ?urun (pl. yryn if there is a pl.).

rust

copper

pl. ryst (idh ryst) if there is a pl.  Possibly also ?urun (pl. yryn if there is a pl.).

urun

noun. copper

A neologism for “copper” created by David Salo in his book Gateway to Sindarin based on the root √URUN (GS/292). I would use attested rust “copper” instead.

úrui

hot

(no distinct pl. form)