Quenya 

Carnistir

red-face

Carnistir masc. name "red-face", mother-name (never used in narrative) of Morifinwë = Caranthir (PM:353)

carnistir

masculine name. Red-face

The mother-name of S. Caranthir, from which his Sindarin name was derived (PM/353). It is a compound of carnë (carni-) “red” and the primitive form stīrē “face” (VT41/10). In other writings Tolkien gave the words anta or cendelë for “face”.

Conceptual Development: Tolkien also briefly considered the form Carastir in a marginal note (VT41/10).

Cognates

  • S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ PM/353; PMI/Caranthir

Derivations

Variations

  • Carastir ✧ VT41/10 (Carastir)
Quenya [PM/353; PMI/Caranthir; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

carnë

red

carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.

aira

red, copper-coloured, ruddy

aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)

carne (carni-)

adjective. red

Quenya [PE 22:152] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

nasar

red

nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

Sindarin 

caranthir

masculine name. Red-face

Fourth son of Fëanor, called “the Dark” (S/60). His name is a combination of caran “red” and thîr “face” (VT41/10), an adaptation of his mother name Q. Carnistir “Red-face” (PM/353).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, his name was ᴱN. Cranthor (LT2/241). Tolkien change his name to Cranthir in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/80) and this was also his name in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/223). N. Cranthir appeared in The Etymologies with the translation “Ruddy-face” (Ety/KARÁN, THĒ), already with essentially the same etymology as its final version.

In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien vacillated between Cranthir and Caranthir, ultimately settling on the latter (WJ/115).

Changes

  • CranthirCaranthir ✧ MR/128
  • CaranthirCranthir ✧ WJ/115

Cognates

  • Q. Carnistir “Red-face” ✧ PM/353; PMI/Caranthir

Derivations

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
caran“red”
thîr“face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance”

Variations

  • Cranthir ✧ MR/128 (Cranthir); WJ/115
  • Carathir ✧ WJI/Caranthir
Sindarin [MR/128; MRI/Caranthir; PM/353; PMI/Caranthir; SA/caran; SI/Caranthir; SMI/Caranthir; SMI/Cranthir; VT41/10; WJ/115; WJI/Caranthir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caran

adjective. red

Sindarin [Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:36] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

caran

adjective. red

Cognates

  • Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran

Derivations

  • karani “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
carani- > caran[karani] > [karane] > [karan]✧ VT41/10
Sindarin [PE17/036; SA/caran; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Sindarin [Ety/358, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

Sindarin [PM/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

Quendya 

nasar

adjective. red

Primitive elvish

karani

adjective. red

Derivatives

  • Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE22/152
  • S. caran “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

Variations

  • karanĭ ✧ PE21/81
  • karnĭ ✧ PE21/81
  • carani- ✧ VT41/10
Primitive elvish [PE21/81; PE22/152; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

caran

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caran

adjective. red

Changes

  • carancaran “red, blush, red (?part) of face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶karani > caran[karani] > [karane] > [karan]✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > cern[karani] > [karni] > [kerni] > [kern]✧ EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

  • cern ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (cern)
  • Caron ✧ RS/419
  • caron ✧ RS/419
Noldorin [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN; RS/419] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caron

adjective. red

naru

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/374, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

naru

adjective. red, [fiery] red

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶narwā “fiery red” ✧ Ety/NAR¹
    • ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶narwā > narw > naru[narwā] > [narwa] > [narw] > [naru]✧ Ety/NAR¹
Noldorin [Ety/NAR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

narw

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/374, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coll

adjective. (golden) red

Noldorin [Ety/365] Group: SINDICT. Published by

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Noldorin [Ety/358, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

karne

adjective. red

Cognates

  • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶karani > karne[karani] > [karane] > [karne]✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > karne[karani] > [karane] > [karne]✧ EtyAC/KARÁN
Qenya [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

arn

adjective. red

A Doriathrin adjective meaning “red” derived from the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR), likely derived from a primitive form such as ✱✶yarna [jarna]. It is a good example of how [[ilk|initial [j] vanished]] in Ilkorin.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Element in

  • Ilk. Aros ✧ Ety/YAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YAR > arn[jarna] > [arna] > [arn] > [arn]✧ Ety/YAR
Doriathrin [Ety/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

karani

adjective. red

Changes

  • kárānikarani ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

  • kárāni ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (kárāni)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

karan

root. red

This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “red” (Ety/KARÁN), a later iteration of ᴱ√KṚN of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s of the same meaning, but with syllabic (QL/48). Its main Quenya derivative, Q. carnë, retained the same form throughout Tolkien’s life, but its Gnomish forms G. carn(in) “scarlet” and G. crintha “rosy, pink” (GL/25, 27) became N. caran “red” in the 1930s, and retained that form thereafter.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
    • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹ✶k’rannā “ruddy (of face)” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
    • N. crann “ruddy (of face); face, blush, the cheeks, ruddy (of face); blush, the cheeks, face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹQ. karanya- “to make red, redden”

Element in

Variations

  • KARÁN ✧ Ety/KARÁN; Ety/RAS; Ety/THĒ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KARÁN; Ety/RAS; Ety/THĒ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kuldā

adjective. red

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL

Derivatives

  • N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL

Variations

  • guldā ✧ Ety/GUL (guldā)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

lhaur

adjective. red

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

karne

adjective. red

Changes

  • karneakarnen ✧ PE16/065

Cognates

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KṚN > [kṛn]ı̯ǝ > karne[kṛniǝ] > [kṛni] > [kṛne] > [karne]✧ QL/048

Variations

  • karnea ✧ PE16/065 (karnea)
  • Karne ✧ PE16/077
Early Quenya [MC/214; MC/221; PE15/76; PE16/062; PE16/065; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077; PME/048; QL/048; QL/061; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by