caurë

fear

caurë _("k")_noun "fear" (LT1:257)

nor-

prefix. fear

Cognates

• S. gor “horror, dread, fear” ✧ PE17/172

Derivations

• √ÑGOR “dread, terror, fear, horror” ✧ PE17/172

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ÑGOR > ñor	[ŋgor] > [ŋor] > [nor]	✧ PE17/172

Variations

• ñor ✧ PE17/172 (ñor)

thosso

fear

†thosso (þossë) noun "fear" in Old Quenya (PE17:87, there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th)

ñor

fear

[ñor noun? prefix? "fear" (PE17:172)]

þossë

noun. fear

Cognates

• S. thoss “fear” ✧ PE17/087

Derivations

• √THOS “frighten, terrify; show dread of” ✧ PE17/087

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ÞOS > þosse	[tʰosse] > [θosse] > [sosse]	✧ PE17/087

Variations

• þosse ✧ PE17/087 (þosse)

fëa

spirit

fëa noun "spirit" (pl. fëar attested, MR:363). The Incarnates are said to live by necessary union of hroa (body) and fëa (WJ:405). In Airëfëa noun "the Holy Spirit", Fëanáro masc. name "Spirit of Fire" (Quenya-Sindarin hybrid form: Fëanor), Fëanturi noun "Masters of Spirits", name of the two Valar Mandos and Lórien (SA:tur), fëafelmë noun "spirit-impulse" (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate) (VT41:19 cf. 13, VT43:37). In one source it is said to mean specifically a "spirit indwelling a body", i.e. "soul" (PE17:124), which contradicts such uses as Airefëa or Fëanturi. Cf. fairë.

fëa

noun. (indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul

Cognates

• S. fae “incarnate spirit, incarnate spirit, *soul” ✧ MR/165

Derivations

• ✶phayā “soul, indwelling spirit” ✧ MR/349; MR/470; NM/237; PE17/124; PE19/104; VT41/14
  • √PHAY “spirit, spirit; [ᴹ√] radiate, send out rays of light” ✧ NM/237
  • √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237
• √PHAY “spirit, spirit; [ᴹ√] radiate, send out rays of light” ✧ PM/352
  • √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Element in

• Q. Airefëa “Holy Spirit”
• Q. fëafelmë “*spirit-impulse”
• Q. Fëanáro “Spirit of Fire”
• Q. Fëanturi “Masters of Spirits” ✧ SA/fëa
• S. Fëanor “Spirit of Fire” ✧ SA/fëa

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶phăya > fëa	[pʰaja] > [ɸaja] > [ɸea] > [fea]	✧ MR/349
✶phăya > fëa	[pʰaja] > [ɸaja] > [ɸea] > [fea]	✧ MR/470
✶phắyā > fëa	[pʰajā] > [ɸajā] > [ɸea] > [fea]	✧ NM/237
✶fáyā > fëa	[pʰajā] > [ɸajā] > [ɸea] > [fea]	✧ PE17/124
✶phayā > făyā > fea	[pʰajā] > [ɸajā] > [ɸea] > [fea]	✧ PE19/104
√PHAYA > fëa	[pʰaja] > [ɸaja] > [ɸea] > [fea]	✧ PM/352
✶phayā > fea	[pʰajā] > [ɸajā] > [ɸea] > [fea]	✧ VT41/14

Variations

• fea ✧ PE19/104; VT41/14

elwen

heart

elwen noun "heart" (LT1:255; rather hón or enda in LotR-style Quenya)

enda

heart

enda noun "heart", but not referring to the physical organ; it literally means "centre" (cf. endë) and refers to the fëa (soul) or sáma (mind) itself. (VT39:32)

hón

heart

hón noun "heart" (physical) (KHŌ-N); hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya read *hon-maro?)

órë

heart

órë (1) noun "heart" (inner mind), also name of tengwa #21 (Appendix E), "premonition" (VT41:13), "nearest equivalent of 'heart' in our application to feelings, or emotions (courage, fear, hope, pity, etc.)" (VT41:13). The órë apparently defines a person's personality, cf. the description of Galadriel in PM:337, that "there dwelt in her the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". Órenya "my heart" (VT41:11).

indo

heart, mood

indo (1) noun "heart, mood" (ID), "state" (perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses) (VT39:23), "mind, region/range of thought, mood" (PE17:155, 179), "inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or [?personality]" (PE17:189). In another post-LotR source, indo is translated "resolve" or "will", the state of mind leading directly to action (VT41:13). Indo is thus "the mind in its purposing faculty, the will" (VT41:17). Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated "my heart" (see ninya). In the compound indemma "mind-picture", the first element would seem to be indo.

ninquiraitë

pallor

ninquiraitë ("kw")noun ?"pallor" (PE17:55). The word is cited as the cognate of Sindarin niphred "pallor, fear". The spelling in the source is "ninkwiraite", but the word cannot be intended as Old Sindarin (since kw had already become p in that language).

ossë

terror

ossë noun "terror" (GOS/GOTH). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, ossë was also the name of a Tengwa similar in shape to Roman c, which in a full-vowel mode apparently had the value o. (VT45:15; in the Sindarin "Mode of Beleriand", exemplified in the LotR itself, this letter has the value a instead. Elsewhere in the Etymologies itself, this symbol is called Elwë (q.v.) and is assigned the value e.)

ossë

terror

Ossë noun name of a Maia, adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:400), though connected with the common noun ossë "terror" in Etym (GOS/GOTH)

thorya-

dread, feel fear

†thorya- (þorya-) vb. "dread, feel fear"; this is Old Quenya (PE17:87, there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th)

aista-

to dread

aista- (3) vb. "to dread" (GÁYAS, VT45:14; possibly obsoleted by #2 above)

umbe

noun. imminence/threat; premonition, fear

umbë

noun. imminence, threat; premonition, fear, unwelcome expectation

Derivations

• ✶ubmē “imminence/threat” ✧ PE22/168
  • √UB “have in mind, consider, ponder; impend, be imminent, approach, draw near” ✧ PE22/167

Element in

• Q. umbë nin i hríve nauva urra (si loa) “I have a feeling that winter will be bad (this year)” ✧ PE22/168

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ubmē > umbe	[ubmē] > [umbē] > [umbē]	✧ PE22/168

Variations

• umbe ✧ PE22/168

norto

horror

norto (ñ)noun "a horror" _(VT46:4. In Tengwar writing, the initial N would be represented by the letter noldo, not númen.)_

súlë

spirit, breath

súlë (þ) noun "spirit, breath", also name of tengwa #9; originally thúlë (þúlë), before the shift th > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the Noldor (Appendix E, THŪ). Its gloss, "blowing forth", was metaphorically used as "the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit" (PE17:124). If the element súlë appears in Súlimë and Súlimo (q.v.), the stem-form may seem to be súli-.

vilissë

spirit

vilissë noun "spirit" (GL:23)

þúlë

noun. spirit

hó

spirit, shadow

hó noun "spirit, shadow" (PE17:86)

sossë

noun. fear

Derivations

• √THOS “frighten, terrify; show dread of”

Element in

• ᴺQ. sossëa “fearful, afraid”

ninquelë

noun. pallor

Cognates

• S. niphred “pallor, pallor; [N.] fear”

Elements

Word	Gloss
ninquë	“white; chill, cold; pallid”

numbë

noun. timidity

Derivations

• √(N)DUB “bending and drooping, ️bending, drooping”

Element in

• ᴺQ. numbëa “timid”

thos

noun. fear

_ n. _fear. O.Q. þosse. >> di'nguruthos

thoss

noun. fear

Cognates

• Q. þossë “fear” ✧ PE17/087

Derivations

• √THOS “frighten, terrify; show dread of” ✧ PE17/087

Element in

• S. guruthos “dread of death, death-horror, shadow of death, dread of death, death-horror, shadow of death, [N.] fear of death” ✧ PE17/087
• ᴺS. thossui “fearful, afraid”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ÞOS > thos(s)	[tʰosse] > [θosse] > [θoss]	✧ PE17/087

Variations

• thos(s) ✧ PE17/087

faer

noun. spirit

achas

noun. dread, fear

This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition

niphred

noun. pallor, fear

gorn

dread

(-ngorn-) 2b n. dread, used in sense of reverence, majesty. >> Aragorn

niphred

pallor

n. pallor. >> nimp, niphredil

niphred

noun. pallor, pallor; [N.] fear

Cognates

• ᴺQ. ninquelë “pallor”

Derivations

• ✶ninkwiraite “pallor” ✧ PE17/055

Element in

• S. niphredil “white flower (similar to a snowdrop); *(lit.) pale point” ✧ PE17/055; PE17/168; SA/nim

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ninkwiraite > ni(m)phraed > niphred	[niŋkwiraite] > [nimpiraite] > [nimpʰiraite] > [nimɸiraite] > [nimfiraite] > [nimfirait] > [nimfiraid] > [nimfraid] > [nimfraed] > [nifraed] > [nifred]	✧ PE17/055

goe

noun. terror, great fear

gor

noun. horror, dread, fear

Cognates

• Q. nor- “fear” ✧ PE17/172
• Q. ur(u)- “hard, difficult” ✧ PE17/172

Derivations

• √ÑGOR “dread, terror, fear, horror” ✧ PE17/172

Element in

• S. Gorgoroth “Valley of Terror” ✧ SA/gor
• S. gornodui “hard to count” ✧ PE17/172
• S. goroth “horror, dread” ✧ SA/gor
• S. Gorthaur “?Mist of Fear” ✧ SA/gor
• S. Gorthol “Dread Helm” ✧ SA/gor

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ÑGOR > gor	[ŋgor-] > [gor-]	✧ PE17/172

Variations

• gur ✧ PE17/172 (gur)

groga-

verb. to feel terror

del

noun. horror

Element in

• S. Deldúwath “Deadly Nightshade, (lit.) Horror of Night-shadow” ✧ SA/del
• S. deloth “abhorrence, abhorrence, [N.] detestation, loathing” ✧ SA/del

dael

noun. horror

_ n. _horror.

dael

noun. horror

Derivations

• √NDAY “dreadful, abominable, detestable” ✧ PE17/151

Element in

• S. daedelos “horrible fear” ✧ PE17/151

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NDAY > dael	[ndaila] > [daila] > [dail] > [dael]	✧ PE17/151

gorog

noun. horror

gorog

noun. horror

Derivations

• ✶(ñ)guruk “horror” ✧ WJ/415

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶guruk > gorog	[guruk] > [gorok] > [gorog]	✧ WJ/415

gorth

noun. horror

gorth

noun. horror

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

gorgor

noun. extreme horror, terror, haunting fear

hû

spirit

_ n. _spirit, shadow.

achas

fear

(noun) 1) achas (dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) gôr (i ngôr = i ñor, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 5) niphred (pallor); pl. niphrid.

achas

fear

(dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais)

delos

fear

(i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

dêl

fear

(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)

gôr

fear

(i ngôr = i ñor, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.

niphred

fear

(pallor); pl. niphrid.

faer

spirit

(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

hûn

heart

1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..

daedhelos

great fear

(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for

fae

spirit

1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fae

spirit

(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.

goe

great fear

(i ’oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe).

achas

noun. dread, fear

Cognates

• Q. aha “rage”

gorgoroth

deadly fear

(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth = o ngorgoroth) (terror), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. görgöryth. Also in shorter form gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n’gorgor = o ñgorgor) (extreme horror), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. *gorgorath*** (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱görgyr**.

achas

dread

(fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.

delos

dread

(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

delos

dread

(noun) 1) delos (i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 2) gae (i **ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae), 3) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations. 4) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg** = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. *göryth. 5) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”. 6) goss (i **oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss). 7) gost (i ngost = i ñost, o n**gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst). 8) achas (fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.

gae

dread

(i ’ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae)

goroth

dread

(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱göryth.

gorth

dread

(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”.

goss

dread

(i ’oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).

gost

dread

(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).

gôr

dread

(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations.

daedhelos

great dread

(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.

goe

terror

1) goe (i **oe) (great fear), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe), 2) gorgoroth (i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n**gorgoroth) (deadly fear), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. *görgöryth. 3) gost (i ngost = i ñost, o n**gost) (dread), pl. gyst (in gyst** = i ñgyst).

goe

terror

(i ’oe) (great fear), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe)

gorgoroth

terror

(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth) (deadly fear), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. ✱görgöryth.

gost

terror

(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost) (dread), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).

gosta

fear exceedingly

(i ’osta, i ngostar = i ñostar)

niphred

pallor

niphred (fear); pl. niphrid

niphred

pallor

(fear); pl. niphrid

groga

feel terror

(i ’roga, in grogar) (WJ:415)

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

angos

horror

1) angos (pl. engys) (VT45:15), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) girith (i **irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith), 5) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 6) gorog (i ngorog = i ñorog, o n**gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg. 7) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth. 8) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”, 9) goss (i **oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).

angos

horror

(pl. engys) (VT45:15)

delos

horror

(i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

dêl

horror

(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl)

gorog

horror

(i ngorog = i ñorog, o n’gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg.

gorth

horror

(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”

guruthos

dread of death

(i nguruthos = i ñuruthos, o n’guruthos = o ñguruthos) (death-horror), pl. (if there is a pl.) either guruthys (in guruthys = i ñguruthys) or gyrythys (in gyrythys = i ñgyrythys) with umlaut throughtout the word. Coll. pl. guruthossath.

gôr

horror

(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.

girith

horror

(i ’irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith)

goroth

horror

(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth.

goss

horror

(i ’oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).

manô

noun. spirit

A noun translated “spirit” and fully declined as an example of a Weak II noun (SD/438). It appeared with both a short a (SD/424) and long â (SD/438). Given its ending -ô, it might be a masculine-noun, but it seems unlikely that spirits would only be male. This entry assumes it is a common-noun instead. It is probably related to ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit” as suggested by various authors (AAD/19, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/MAN).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit”

Derivations

• ✶Ad. manaw “spirit” ✧ SD/424; SD/424

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶Ad. manaw- > manau > manō	[manaw] > [manau] > [manō]	✧ SD/424
✶Ad. manaw+yi > manau+yi > manōyi > manôi	[manawji] > [manauji] > [manōji] > [manōi]	✧ SD/424

Variations

• manō ✧ SD/424
• mānō ✧ SD/438

ninkwiraite

noun. pallor

Derivatives

• S. niphred “pallor, pallor; [N.] fear” ✧ PE17/055

Elements

Word	Gloss
ninkwi	“white, pale”
raitē	“peculiar hue, (special) fashion”

ñgor

root. dread, terror, fear, horror

This root was connected to fear and dread in Tolkien’s later writing, most notably in S. goroth as an element in S. Gorgoroth “[Valley] of Terror” as the name of a region in Mordor (LotR/401), as well as in S. Ered Gorgoroth “Mountains of Terror” where Ungoliant dwelled (S/95). The root first appeared in its extended form ᴹ√ÑGOROTH “horror” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ÑGOROTH) with a variant ÑGOR-OT mentioned in another entry (EtyAC/GOS). The unextended root √ÑGOR was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “dread” (PE17/113), “terror, dread” (PE17/154), “fear” (PE17/172) and “terror” (PE17/183). It did not necessarily have an entirely negative meaning, however, as its derivative S. gorn given the sense “revered” in (one possible) etymology of S. Aragorn < Ara-ngorn “Revered King” (PE17/113).

A variant root √NGUR “horror” was mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/415), but elsewhere √ÑGUR was generally given the sense “death”; see that entry for detail.

Derivatives

• ✶ñgormē “dread, reverence, awe” ✧ PE17/113
• ✶ñgornā “dreaded, revered” ✧ PE17/113
  • S. gorn “revered” ✧ PE17/113
• Q. nor- “fear” ✧ PE17/172
• S. gor “horror, dread, fear” ✧ PE17/172
• S. gorgor “extreme horror, terror, haunting fear”
• N. gorgor “dreadful”
• S. goroth “horror, dread” ✧ WJ/415

Element in

• ✶ñgor(o)-thūsō “Mist of Fear” ✧ PE17/183
• ✶(ñ)guruk “horror” ✧ WJ/415

Variations

• NGUR ✧ WJ/415

ngur

root. horror

phay

root. spirit, spirit; [ᴹ√] radiate, send out rays of light

When this root first appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/PHAY), it was glossed “radiate, send out rays of light” and its derivatives were consistent with this definition, most notably in N. Feanor “Radiant Sun”. In later writings, this root was instead glossed “spirit” (PM/352), which is the connotation of most of its later derivatives. For example, the later meaning of S. Fëanor was changed to “Spirit of Fire”.

The earlier sense “radiate” probably also survived in Tolkien’s later conception, however. On MR/250, the word Q. fairë “spirit” is said to originally have had the sense “radiance”, which is precisely the meaning that ᴹQ. faire had in The Etymologies. There is also a primitive monosyllable ✶phāy “flame, ray of light” in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s (OP2: PE19/102). If the root meaning “radiate” remains valid, then the word S. ✱fael “gleam of the sun”, an element of S. Faelivrin “gleam of the sun on the pools of Ivrin” (the second name of Finduilas), might be a derivative of this root.

Derivations

• √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

• ✶phaini “vapour” ✧ NM/237
  • S. faen “vapour; [disembodied] spirit” ✧ NM/237
• ✶phairi “spirit (general)” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fairë “spirit (disembodied), phantom; †radiance” ✧ NM/237
  • S. faer “spirit (in general)”
• ✶phanā “veil, cloud” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fana “raiment, veil; (bright) shape or figure; bodily form of an angelic spirit” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
  • S. fân “(white) cloud; veil, curtain; form or vision of a spiritual being; spirit [embodied]” ✧ PE17/173; PE17/174
• ✶phāy “flame, ray of light”
  • Q. fá “*ray of light, flame” ✧ PE19/104
• ✶phayā “soul, indwelling spirit” ✧ NM/237
  • Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ MR/349; MR/470; NM/237; PE17/124; PE19/104; VT41/14
  • S. fae “incarnate spirit, incarnate spirit, *soul”
• Q. faila “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352
• Q. fëa “(indwelling or incarnate) spirit, soul” ✧ PM/352
• S. fael “gleam of the sun; *gleaming”
• S. fael “fair-minded, just, generous” ✧ PM/352

Variations

• phay ✧ NM/237; NM/237
• PHAYA ✧ PM/352

(ñ)guruk

noun. horror

Derivatives

• S. gorog “horror” ✧ WJ/415

Variations

• guruk ✧ WJ/389; WJ/415
• ñguruk ✧ WJ/390

nifred

noun. pallor, fear

nifred

noun. pallor, fear

Derivations

• ᴹ√NIK(W) “*snow; white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Element in

• N. nifredil “(green) snowdrop; *(lit.) pale point” ✧ Ety/NIK-W; TI/233

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NIK-W > nifred	[niŋkwirete] > [nimpirete] > [nimpʰirete] > [nimɸirete] > [nimfirete] > [nimfiret] > [nimfired] > [nimfred] > [nifred]	✧ Ety/NIK-W

Variations

• nimred ✧ Ety/NIK-W

gae

noun. dread

Derivations

• On. gaia “dread” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
  • ᴹ√GAYAS “fear” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. gaia > gae > goe/gae	[gaia] > [gai] > [gae]	✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Variations

• goe/gae ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

gae

noun. dread

goe

noun. dread

gost

noun. dread

nimred

noun. pallor

gosta-

verb. to fear exceedingly

mân

noun. departed spirit

hûn

noun. heart (physical)

del

noun. fear, disgust, loathing, horror

del

noun. horror

Derivations

• ᴹ√DYEL “feel fear and disgust; abhor” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; Ety/DYEL

Element in

• N. Delduthling “Ungoliant, *(lit.) Horror Night Spider” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
• N. Deldúwath “Deadly Nightshade” ✧ Ety/DYEL
• N. deleb “horrible, abominable, loathsome” ✧ Ety/DYEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DYEL > del	[djel] > [del]	✧ Ety/DYEL

Variations

• Del ✧ Ety/DOƷ

angos

noun. horror

Derivations

• ᴹ✶angosse “horror” ✧ EtyAC/GOS; EtyAC/GOS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶añgoss- > angos	[aŋgossǝ] > [aŋgoss] > [aŋgos]	✧ EtyAC/GOS

Variations

• ãngos ✧ EtyAC/GOS (ãngos)

goroth

noun. horror

goroth

noun. horror

Cognates

• Ilk. ngorth “horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH

Derivations

• ᴹ√ÑGOROTH “horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
  • ᴹ√GOR “violence, impetus, haste” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH

Element in

• N. Gorgos “Dire-castle”
• N. Gorthû “*Fear Stench”
• N. Nan Dongoroth “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH
• N. Nann Orothvor “Vale of Black Horror” ✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ÑGÓROTH > goroth	[ŋgorotʰo] > [ŋgoroθo] > [goroθo] > [goroθ]	✧ Ety/ÑGOROTH