cor

noun. ring, circle

cormallen

place name. Golden Circle

A field in Ithilien where the victory of the War of the Ring was celebrated (LotR/948). In his “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien translated this name as “Golden Circle”, a combination of cor “ring” and mallen “golden” (RC/625).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Kormallen (SD/55).

Cormallen

noun. golden circle

corn (“round”) + mal(d) (“gold”) + en (adjective suffix)

cordof

masculine name. Pippin

Sindarin translation of the name Pippin, referring to the son of Samwise Gamgee rather than the Peregrin Took (SD/117, 126). This name may have the same meaning as Pippin = Wes. razar “a kind of small red apple” (PM/51), as suggested by David Salo (GS/346).

cordof

noun. pippin, *a type of yellow and red apple

The Sindarin name for “Pippin” (SD/126), possibly of the same meaning as the English word: that of a type of yellow and red apple. If so, its initial element may be √KOR “round”.

cordof

noun. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple)

coron

noun. globe, ball

coron

noun. mound

coru

adjective. cunning, wily

echor

noun. outer circle, encircling, outer ring

corf

noun. ring (for fingers)

A neologism for a “(finger) ring”, Sindarin cognate of Q. corma, which has been around long enough that a precise attribution is impossible.

corch

crow

corch (i gorch, o chorch), pl. cyrch (i chyrch). Also *craban (i graban, o chraban), pl. crebain (i chrebain). Only the pl. crebain* is attested. The sg. could be either craban, creban or croban**, but the first of these seems the most likely.

cordof

apple

(small red apple, "pippin") cordof (i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll pl. cordovath

cordof

apple

(i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll pl. cordovath

cordof

pippin

(small red apple) cordof (i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll. pl. cordovath

cordof

pippin

(i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll. pl. cordovath

corn

round

corn (circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

corn

globed

corn (round, circular), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

corn

circular

1) corn (round, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle", 2) rend (pl. rind) (VT46:11),

coron

mound

1) coron (i goron, o choron) (globe, ball), pl. ceryn (i cheryn), 2) cûm (i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (heap), pl. cuim (i chuim).

coron

globe

coron (i goron, o choron) (ball, mound), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coron

ball

coron (i goron, o choron) (globe, mound), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coru

cunning

(adj.) coru (wily), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw).

coru

cunning

(wily), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw).

coru

wily

1) coru (cunning), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw), 2) crumguru ("having a cunning left hand" = sinister, guilty), lenited grumguru, pl. crumgyry (or crymgyry if the entire word is umlauted, but this may be unlikely) (VT45:24)

coru

wily

(cunning), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw)

coranor

noun. solar year, (lit.) sun-round

corth

noun. curd

corod Reconstructed

noun. circle

cor-

verb. to turn sour, curdle, congeal; to make cheese

corob

noun. skull

corch

crow

(i gorch, o chorch), pl. cyrch (i chyrch). Also ✱craban (i graban, o chraban), pl. crebain (i chrebain). Only the pl. crebain is attested. The sg. could be either ✱craban, ✱creban or ✱croban, but the first of these seems the most likely.

cordh

noun. sour (of milk), curdled

corn

round

(circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

corn

globed

(round, circular), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

corn

circular

(round, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle"

corn

circle

(i gorn, o chorn), pl. cyrn (i chyrn). The word is also used as an adj. "circular, round, globed"

coron

mound

(i goron, o choron) (globe, ball), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coron

globe

(i goron, o choron) (ball, mound), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coron

ball

(i goron, o choron) (globe, mound), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coru

adjective. cunning, wily

echor

ring

(outer ring or circle) echor (pl. echyr). It is unclear what the Sindarin word for an ornamental ring is; the cognate of Quenya corma would be *corf (i gorf, o chorf; pl. cyrf, i chyrf, coll. pl. corvath).

echor

ring

(pl. echyr). It is unclear what the Sindarin word for an ornamental ring is; the cognate of Quenya corma would be ✱corf (i gorf, o chorf; pl. cyrf, i chyrf, coll. pl. corvath).

echor

circle

(pl. echyr)

ened

noun. core, centre, middle

While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seem to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned , which has sometimes been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

hemp

noun. cord; band, bond

daen

corpse

daen (i naen, o ndaen), same in pl. except with article (i ndaen)

daen

corpse

(i naen, o ndaen), same in pl. except with article (i ndaen)

enedh

core

1) enedh (middle, center), pl. enidh, 2) nest (heart, center), pl. nist

enedh

core

(middle, center), pl. enidh

iaw

corn

(not = ”maize”) iaw, pl. ioe (in ”Noldorin” the pl. was iui, VT46:22). Note: a homophone means ”ravine, cleft, gulf”.

iaw

corn

pl. ioe (in ”Noldorin” the pl. was iui, VT46:22). Note: a homophone means ”ravine, cleft, gulf”.

nass

corner

nass (sharp end, angle, point), construct nas, pl. nais

nass

corner

(sharp end, angle, point), construct nas, pl. nais

nest

core

(heart, center), pl. nist

nordh

cord

nordh (pl. nyrdh)

nordh

cord

(pl. nyrdh)

thaw

corrupt

thaw (rotten), pl. thoe

thaw

corrupt

(rotten), pl. thoe

túgomui

adjective. corpulent, (lit.) having a fat belly

rínada-

verb. to crown, coronate

A neologism for “to crown, coronate” coined by Elaran on 2022-01-05 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), based on the adjective ᴺS. rîn(a) “crowned”, more literally “to make crowned”.

iaust

noun. crop, *yield, produce; corn

aeg

point

1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)

bennas

angle

1) bennas (i vennas), pl. bennais (i mennais), coll. pl. bennassath, 2) nass (sharp end, point, corner), construct nas, pl. nais

hûn

heart

1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

nass

point

(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nass

angle

(sharp end, point, corner), construct nas, pl. nais

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..

rind

circle

1) rind (construct rin; no distinct pl. form except with article: idh rind), coll. pl. rinnath. 2) corn (i gorn, o chorn), pl. cyrn (i chyrn). The word is also used as an adj. "circular, round, globed", 3) (outer ring or circle) echor (pl. echyr), 4) ringorn, pl. ringyrn (idh ringyrn)

thaw

rotten

thaw (corrupt), pl. thoe

thaw

rotten

(corrupt), pl. thoe

tîn

pronoun. his

Non-lenited form suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT31/21).

codhon

noun. idol

-deid

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deith, -dyn, -ed, [[]]

-deith

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deid, -dyn, -ed, [[]]

-dyn

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deid, -deith, -ed, [[]]

-il

point

suff. point, ending. >> niphredil, til

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

naith

angle

_ n. _angle. Q. nehte. >> neith

neith

angle

_ n. _angle. Q. nehte. >> naith

til

point

n. point, ending. >> -il, niphredil

aeg

noun. point

The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

cerin

noun. mound

craban

noun. kind of crow of large size, raven

cyll

noun. bearer

ened

noun. centre

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

haudh

noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb

laer

noun. summer

leben

cardinal. five

leben

cardinal. five

rend

adjective. circular

rind

noun. circle

ringorn

noun. circle

tîn

adjective. his

ulunn

noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature

în

adjective. his (referring to the subject)

aeg

point

(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

basgorn

round bread

(loaf) (i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn).

basgorn

loaf

basgorn (i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn). Literally "round bread".

basgorn

loaf

(i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn). Literally "round bread".

bennas

angle

(i vennas), pl. bennais (i mennais), coll. pl. bennassath

cerin

circular enclosure

cerin (i gerin, o cherin) (circular raised mound), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).:

cerin

circular enclosure

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular raised mound), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

cerin

circular raised mound

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular enclosure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

colron

noun. bearer

crumguru

wily

("having a cunning left hand" = sinister, guilty), lenited grumguru, pl. crumgyry (or crymgyry if the entire word is umlauted, but this may be unlikely) (VT45:24)

curu

cunning device

(i guru, o churu) (skill, craft), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24). Similar forms function as adjectives:

cyll

bearer

cyll (i gyll, o chyll), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chyll)

cyll

bearer

(i gyll, o chyll), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chyll)

cûm

mound

(i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (heap), pl. cuim (i chuim).

cûr

noun. cheese

dolt

round knob

(i dholt) (boss), pl. dylt

ecthel

spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”

galas

growth

galas (i **alas) (plant), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

growth

(i ’alas) (plant), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

haudh

burial mound

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath.

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

laer

summer

laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.

laer

summer

(no distinct pl. form). Note:  a homophone means ”song”.

leben

cardinal. five

leben;

leben

five

;

ment

point

(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.

ment

point

(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **

naith

point

(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.

nasta

point

(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nasta

point

(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

orf

noun. apple

os

around, about

(as in osgar- ”cut around”

pêl

enclosure

pêl (i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root __, LR:380).

pêl

enclosure

(i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380).

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

rend

adjective. circular

rend

circular

(pl. rind) (VT46:11)

rind

noun. circle

rind

circle

(construct rin; no distinct pl. form except with article: idh rind), coll. pl. rinnath.

ringorn

noun. circle

ringorn

circle

pl. ringyrn (idh ringyrn)

tang

string

(bowstring) tang (i dang, o thang), pl. teng (i theng)

tang

string

(i dang, o thang), pl. teng (i theng)

thela

spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.

till

point

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

till

point

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

tín

his

*tín (only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín* is used instead (e.g. i venn sunc i haw ín** ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but *i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody elses) juice”.

tín

his

(only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín is used instead (e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody else’s) juice”.

tîr

straight

tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

tîr

straight

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

ulunn

monster

1) *ulunn (deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. (The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun_ is cited in LR:396 s.v. Ú

ulunn

monster

(deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. *(The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun is cited in LR:396 s.v.*

ín

his

(pronoun referring to the subject, e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his [own] juice”, as opposed to ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his [= another’s] juice”)

úan

úlug

(pl. úain), 3) urug (bogey, orc), pl. yryg

Corlairë

corlairë

Corlairë ("k"), place-name, apparently shortened from Corollairë, Coron Oiolairë (MR:107)

Corolóra

corolóra

[Corolóra] ("k"), possibly a synonym of Ilcorin, q.v. (VT45:29)

corma

noun. ring

A word for “ring” appearing as an element in Q. Cormacolindor “Ring-bearers” (LotR/953), clearly derived from the root √KOR “round”. It also appeared in a translation of the title of The Lord of the Rings that Tolkien included in a 1973 letter to Phillip Brown: i Túrin i Cormaron.

Conceptual Development: Another translation of “Lord of the Rings” is known from an exhibit of Tolkien manuscripts: Heru imillion, where presumably the element millë means “ring” (DTS/54). In a deleted entry from The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had ᴹQ. kolma “ring ([?on] finger)” [or possibly “or finger”] derived from a deleted root ᴹ√KOL (EtyAC/KOL).

corollairë

place name. Green Mound, *(lit.) Mound of Summer

The green mound where the Two Trees of Valinor stood (S/38). This name is a compound of coron “mound” and lairë “summer”, with the n assimilated to the l. It is a translation of Valarin Ezellōχār (WJ/401). The (Vanyarin?) name Ezellohar is a direct adaptation of the Valarin name. The name is generally glossed “Green Mound”, but the literal meaning of the Quenya name is “✱Mound of Summer”.

coron

noun. mound, mound; [ᴹQ] globe, ball

A word glossed “mound” in the name Q. Koron Oiolaire “Mound Ever-summer” in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (SA/coron; WJ/401). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, ᴹQ. koron was glossed “globe, ball” and was derived from the root ᴹ√KOR “round” (Ety/KOR). If this was its primary meaning, then perhaps it could also refer to round hills as hemispheres. In The Etymologies, its stem form was korn- as indicated by its (Middle Quenya) genitive kornen, likely the result of the Quenya syncope; the same reduction in inflected forms may have applied to the later version of the word as well.

coron oiolairë

place name. Mound Ever-summer

A fuller name of Corollairë, a combination of coron “mound”, oi(o) “ever” and lairë “summer” (WJ/401).

cormacolindor

collective name. Ring-bearers

A title of Frodo and Sam as bearers of the One Ring (LotR/953). It is a compound of corma “ring” and the plural form of colindo “bearer”.

Corollairë

korollairë

Corollairë ("Korollairë"), place-name; see Coron Oiolairë.

Coroloisi

not of kor

[Coroloisi] ("k"), noun: possibly an empheral name of the Elves "not of Kor" in the Blessed Realm. Tolkien changed this plural from Coroloiti (VT45:29). It is not quite clear what the intended singular is.

coranar

sun-round

coranar noun "sun-round", solar year (Appendix D; pl. coranári in PM:126)

corco

crow

corco ("k")noun "crow" (KORKA, see KARKA)

corda

temple

corda _("k")_noun "temple" (LT1:257)

cordon

idol

cordon _("k")_noun "idol" (LT1:257)

corima

round

corima _("k")_adj. "round" (LT1:257; rather corna in Tolkien's later Quenya)

corin

circular enclosure

corin ("k")noun "circular enclosure" (KOR). In the early "Qenya Lexicon", this word was defined as "a circular enclosure, especially on a hill-top" (LT1:257). (Con-)alcorin ("k") *"blessed garth (in the centre)" (VT27:20, 23, 24)

corma

ring

#corma noun "ring", isolated from #cormacolindo "Ring-bearer", pl. cormacolindor (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308); Cormarë "Ringday", a festival held on Yavannië 30 in honour of Frodo Baggins (Appendix D)

cormarë

proper name. Ringday

A festival on September 30th in honour of Frodo Baggins (LotR/1112). It is a compound of corma “ring” and the suffixal form of ré “day”.

cormen

round(ed) place

cormen ("k")noun literally "a round(ed) place" = "circular enclosure" or *"mound" (VT27:20, 24, 25)

cormë

circular enclosure, garth

cormë ("k")noun "circular enclosure, garth", or possibly mound" (VT27:20, 24, 25)

corna

round, globed

corna ("k")adj. "round, globed" (KOR)

cornë

loaf

cornë _("k")_noun "loaf" (LT1:257)

coromindo

cupola, dome

coromindo ("k")noun "cupola, dome" (KOR)

coron

mound

coron (1) noun "mound" (SA); Coron Oiolairë ("Koron"), place-name: the "Mound of Eversummer" where the Two Trees grew. Also contracted Corollairë (WJ:401) and Corlairë (MR:107); both are spelt with an initial k in the sources.

coron

globe, ball

coron (2) ("k") (corn-, as in dat. sg. cornen) noun "globe, ball" (KOR)

corto

noun. circle

coranar

noun. (solar) year, (lit.) sun-round

Ilcorin

not of kor

Ilcorin ("k")noun *"not of Kor", describing Elves not of the Blessed Realm; variant of Alcorin (LA, AR2, VT45:5)

cormarë

Cormarë

Cormarë is a Quenya word glossed as "Ringday", apparently containing the unattested word corma ("ring").

corpë

noun. skull

Helge Fauskanger proposed the neologism ᴺQ. caraxo “skull = head bone” for his NQNT (NQNT), but Damien Bador instead used ᴺQ. coropë < √KOR “round”, adapted from Gnomish G. corob “skull”. I prefer Bador’s solution, with the caveat that I think it would likely undergo the Quenya syncope and become ᴺQ. corpë instead, as pointed out by Röandil in a Discord chat from 2021-06-08.

corda

noun. temple

cordamo

noun. cleric

cordon

noun. idol

cornë

noun. loaf

coropë

noun. skull

coro

preposition. around

corta-

verb. to roll up, roll, pack

loico

noun. corpse, dead body

A word for “corpse, dead body” in the 1960s version of the Markirya poem (MC/223). It may be related to noirë “tomb” via an unattested root (N)DOY as suggested by David Salo in a post on the Elfling mailing list in 2012.

Conceptual Development: In the version of the poem from around 1930, Tolkien used the word ᴱQ. kaivo “corpse” (MC/214, 221), probably based on the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/46).

loicolícuma

noun. corpse-candle

A word for “a corpse-candle” in the Markirya poem from the 1960s, a combination of loico “corpse” and lícuma “candle” (MC/222-223).

Conceptual Development: In the version of the poem from around 1930, this was ᴱQ. kaivo-kalma “corpse-candle” (MC/214)

caivo

corpse

caivo _("k")_noun "corpse" (MC:221; Tolkien's later Quenya has loico or quelet)

caivo-calma

corpse-light

caivo-calma _("k")_noun "corpse-light" = corpsecandle (MC:214; this is "Qenya": Tolkien's later Quenya has loicolícuma)

endë

core, centre, middle

endë noun "core, centre, middle" (NÉD, EN, VT48:25)

hrondo

corporeal form or body (especially of the elves)

hrondo noun "a corporeal form or body (especially of the Elves)" (PE17:183). Tolkien replaced this word by hroa, q.v.

loico

corpse, dead body

loico noun "corpse, dead body" (so in Markirya; Etym also has quelet of similar meaning)

loicolícuma

corpse-candle

loicolícuma noun "corpse-candle" (Markirya)

quelet

corpse

quelet ("q") (quelets-, as in pl. queletsi) noun "corpse" (KWEL; Markirya also has loico)

russë

corruscation, †sword-blade

russë (2) noun "corruscation, †sword-blade" (RUS)

sarcuva

corporeal, bodily

sarcuva ("k") adj. "corporeal, bodily" (LT2:347; hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, since it connects with sarco above)

winca

corner, nook

winca noun "corner, nook" (QL:104, there written winka). Read *vinca if this early "Qenya" form is to be adapted to LotR-style Third Age Quenya.

menelluin

adjective. cornflower (colour), *(lit.) sky-blue

menelluin írildeo ondolindello

Cornflower of Idril from Gondolin

hrondo

noun. (physical) body, corporeal form

úvanimo

noun. monster, corrupt or evil creature

úvano

noun. monster, corrupt or evil creature

omolmessë

noun. corporation

A neologism coined by Röandil in the “Neologism of the Day” (NotD) series on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server posted at 2023-06-08, an elaboration of [ᴺQ.] omolmë “company, business”.

porisalquë

noun. corn, (lit.) flour-grass

A neologism for “corn” appearing in ABNW (ABNW) from the early 2000’s, a combination [ᴹQ.] pore “flour” and [ᴹQ.] salqe “grass”.

sardanar

noun. corundum, (lit.) hard sun

A neologism for “corundum” coined by Valerie on 2022-05-12 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of sarda “hard” and Anar “sun”.

hempa

noun. cord

nurda

noun. cord, rope

hastalë

noun. corruption

hastima

adjective. corruptible

hröava

adjective. corporeal, bodily

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo as a replacement for ᴱQ. sarkuva, it is simply an adjectival form of Q. hröa “body”.

lialóra

adjective. cordless, wireless

nelqua

adjective. cornered, *angled

neltë

noun. corner

quelehtima

adjective. corrupt, rotten

tératië

noun. correction, (lit.) straightening

rínata-

verb. to crown, coronate

A neologism for “to crown, coronate” coined by Elaran and Lokyt on 2022-01-05 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a causative verb based on the adjective rína “crowned”, and so literally “to make crowned”. Luinyelle and Röandil instead proposed ᴺQ. ríanta- as a combination of ría “garland” and anta- “give”, but I prefer Elaran’s suggestion.

(o)combëa

noun. collective, assembled, cooperative, concerted, corporate, consolidated

A neologism by Röandil posted in the “Neologism of the Day” (NotD) series on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server post at 2023-05-15, an adjective form of (o)combë “collection, assembly”.

quermen

noun. a turning, turn, corner (of a street)

@@@ Discord 2022-08-18

quelehtië

noun. rot, corruption

ríanta-

verb. to crown, coronate

serma

noun. string, cord

tiuta-

verb. to corroborate, confirm; to comfort, console, *(orig.) to make firm; to strengthen

-nna

to, at, upon

-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

-ya

his

-ya (4) pronominal suffix "his" (and probably also "her, its"), said to be used in "colloquial Quenya" (which had redefined the "correct" ending for this meaning, -rya, to mean "their" because it was associated with the plural ending -r). Hence e.g. cambeya ("k") "his hand", yulmaya "his cup" (VT49:17) instead of formally "correct" forms in -rya. The ending -ya was actually ancient, primitive ¤-jā being used for "all numbers" in the 3rd person, predating elaborated forms like -rya. It is said that -ya "remained in Quenya" in the case of "old nouns with consonantal stems", Tolkien listing tál "foot", cas "head", nér "man", sír "river" and macil "sword" as examples. He refers to "the continued existence of such forms as talya his foot", that could apparently be used even in "correct" Quenya (VT49:17). In PE17:130, the forms talya "his foot" and macilya ("k") "his (or their) sword" are mentioned.

Ellairë

summer

Ellairë alternative name of June (PM:135); evidently incorporating lairë "summer"; the el- part is probably an assimilated form of er-, an element meaning one or first, June being the first summer month.

Ezellohar

the green mound

Ezellohar noun "the Green Mound" where the Two Trees grew; adopted and adapted from Valarin; also translated as Coron Oiolairë, Corollairë (WJ:401). The name must have become *Erellohar in Exilic (Noldorin) Quenya.

Menel

heavens

Menel noun "heavens" (Markirya, SA), "the heavens, the firmament" (SD:401), "the apparent dome in the sky" (MR:387). Menel Cemenyë ("k") "Heaven and Earth" (VT47:30). Found in names like Meneldil "Heaven-friend" = astronomer (Appendix A; Letters:386), Meneldur masc. name, "Heaven-servant" (Appendix A, Tar-Menelduras a Númenórean King, UT:210); menelluin "sky-blue", used as noun = "cornflower" (J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 193). Menelmacar "Swordsman of the Sky", the Orion constellation (also called Telumehtar, Appendix E, first footnote); the older name was Menelmacil "Heaven-sword" (WJ:411); Meneltarma "Pillar of Heaven", name of the great central mountain of Númenor (SA:tar, VT42:21).Menelya fifth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the heavens (Appendix D) Locative meneldë "in heaven"; abandoned forms menellë, menelzë (VT43:12, 16). Adj. meneldëa "(being) in heaven", evidently based on a locative form meneldë "in heaven"; abandoned forms menelzëa, menellëa, menelessëa (VT43:13, VT44:16; the last of these forms would suggest the locative form #menelessë).

carco

crow

[carco ("k")noun "crow" (KARKA)] (Changed by Tolkien to corco.)

colindo

bearer

#colindo noun "bearer", pl. #colindor in cormacolindor "ring-bearers" (q.v.)

colma

ring (on finger)

[colma ("k")noun "ring (on finger)" (VT45:23). See corma.]

lairë

summer

lairë (1) noun "summer" (Letters:283, VT45:26), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 72 days, but also used without any exact definition (Appendix D). Oiolairë "Eversummer", name of a tree (UT:167), see also Coron Oiolairë. Lairelossë noun *"Summer-snow", name of a tree (UT:167), perhaps with white flowers.

lempë

cardinal. five

lempë cardinal "five" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK, GL:53, VT42:24, VT47:10, 24); lempëa ordinal "fifth", an analogical formation replacing older lemenya, in turn altered from the historically "correct" form lepenya because of analogy with the cardinal lempë "five" (VT42:25; Vanyarin Quenya maintained lepenya, VT42:26)

loa

growth

loa, noun literally "growth", used of a solar year (= coranar) when seasonal changes are considered (Appendix D; in PM:126 loa is translated "time of growth". Pl. loar, or "löar", in MR:426) The form loa is also mentioned as the hypothetical Quenya cognate of Sindarin lô ("swampy"), but precisely because it clashed with loa "year", this Quenya cognate was not in use (VT42:10)

oio

endless period

oio noun "an endless period" (CO) or adv. "ever" (SA:los). Oiolairë "Ever-summer" (name of a tree, UT:167; also in the name Coron Oiolairë, "Mound of Ever-summer". Oiolossë "Everwhite, Ever-snowwhite", a name of Taniquetil (OY), hence the translation "Mount Everwhite" in Tolkien's rendering of Namárië. See also SA:los. Explicit "mount" in Oron Oiolossë "Mount Everwhite" (WJ:403). Ablativic genitive Oiolossëo "from Mount Everwhite" in Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, OY)

quáco

crow

quáco ("q")noun "crow" _(WJ:395; _Etym also has corco, q.v.)

yén

long year

yén noun, Elvish "long year" of 144 solar years, 52,596 days (Nam, Appendix D, E; RGEO:66. Tolkien earlier defined yén_ as 100 solar years; see PM:126. In the Etymologies, stem YEN, it seems to mean simply "year", but in the LotR Appendices the word for "year" instead appears as _loa or coranar, q.v.) Yénonótië "reckoning of years" (MR:51). Pl. yéni in Nam and Etym, entry YEN though the plural form is misread as "yen-" in the printed version of the Etymologies, cf. VT46:23. Yéni pa yéni "years upon years" (VT44:36). Pl. genitive yénion in yénion yéni "ages of ages" (VT44:36)

colindo

noun. bearer

lairë

noun. summer

quáco

noun. crow

A word in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 for “crow”, derived from primitive ✶k(a)wāk (WJ/395). In notes from the late 1960s Tolkien instead had Q. {koake >>} quácë “frog” < ✶kāwāk, with primitive ✶kā for “crow” (VT47/36).

See ᴹQ. korko for a discussion of earlier forms.

-nna

to

-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).

-rya

his, her

-rya 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "his, her" and probably "its" (VT49:16, 38, 48, Nam, RGEO:67), attested in coivierya *"his/her life", máryat "her hands", ómaryo "of her voice" (genitive of *ómarya "her voice"), súmaryassë "in her bosom" (locative of súmarya "her bosom"); for the meaning "his" cf. coarya "his house" (WJ:369). The ending is descended from primitive ¤-sjā via -zya (VT49:17) and therefore connects with the 3rd person ending -s "he, she, it". In colloquial Quenya the ending -rya could be used for "their" rather than "his/her", because it was felt to be related to the plural ending -r,e.g. símaryassen "in their [not his/her] imaginations" (VT49:16, 17). See -ya #4.

-zya

his, her, its

-zya, archaic form of the pronominal ending -rya "his, her, its", q.v. (VT49:17)

Ulban

monster

Ulban (Ulband-) noun "monster" (a name of Melko) (LT1:260)

ana

to

ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_

cendë

point

cendë noun "point" (PE16:96)

cendë

noun. point

cumbë

mound, heap

cumbë ("k")noun "mound, heap" (KUB)

elwen

heart

elwen noun "heart" (LT1:255; rather hón or enda in LotR-style Quenya)

enda

heart

enda noun "heart", but not referring to the physical organ; it literally means "centre" (cf. endë) and refers to the fëa (soul) or sáma (mind) itself. (VT39:32)

entë

noun. centre

findë

cunning

findë (2) noun? (less likely adj.) "cunning" (LT1:253; this "Qenya" word is possibly obsoleted by # 1 above)

finië

cunning

finië noun? "cunning" (LT1:253)

hón

heart

hón noun "heart" (physical) (KHŌ-N); hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya read *hon-maro?)

indo

heart, mood

indo (1) noun "heart, mood" (ID), "state" (perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses) (VT39:23), "mind, region/range of thought, mood" (PE17:155, 179), "inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or [?personality]" (PE17:189). In another post-LotR source, indo is translated "resolve" or "will", the state of mind leading directly to action (VT41:13). Indo is thus "the mind in its purposing faculty, the will" (VT41:17). Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated "my heart" (see ninya). In the compound indemma "mind-picture", the first element would seem to be indo.

laire

noun. summer

lemen

cardinal. five

lemen, alternative cardinal "five" (VT48:6, 20); the word normally appears as lempë, but compare lemenya below.

lemen

cardinal. five

lemnë

cardinal. five

lempë

cardinal. five

mentë

point, end

mentë noun "point, end" (MET)

na

to, towards

na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).

neccë

angle

neccë ("k")noun "angle" (PE17:45). Variant of nehtë #1, q.v.

neccë

noun. angle

nehtë

angle

nehtë (1) noun "angle" (PE17:55), any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory (UT:282). Variant neccë.

olmië

noun. growth

orva

apple

orva noun "apple" (PE13:116)

panda

enclosure

panda noun "enclosure" (PAD)

rinda

circular

rinda adj. "circular" (RIN)

rindë

circle

rindë noun "circle" (RIN)

risil

ring

*risil (þ) noun "ring" (on the ground) in Rithil-Anamo, q.v.

tilma

noun. point

tyur

cheese

tyur noun "cheese" (QL:50 cf. GL:28)

téna

straight, right

téna (1) adj. "straight, right" (SD:310; see téra)

téra

straight, right

téra adj. "straight, right" (TEÑ, see TE3; LR:47; in one text Tolkien changed it to téna, SD:310)

tólë

centre

tólë noun "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë is to be preferred in Tolkien's later Quenya)

ulundo

monster, deformed and hideous creature

ulundo noun "monster, deformed and hideous creature" (ÚLUG)

órë

heart

órë (1) noun "heart" (inner mind), also name of tengwa #21 (Appendix E), "premonition" (VT41:13), "nearest equivalent of 'heart' in our application to feelings, or emotions (courage, fear, hope, pity, etc.)" (VT41:13). The órë apparently defines a person's personality, cf. the description of Galadriel in PM:337, that "there dwelt in her the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". Órenya "my heart" (VT41:11).

finië

noun. cunning

olasta

noun. growth

orva

noun. apple

tyurmë

noun. cheese

vennassë

noun. angle

corch

noun. crow

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “crow” derived from the root ᴹ√KORKA of the same meaning, replacing rejected N. carach derived from ᴹ√KARKA (Ety/KARKA).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. crunc “crow”, probably related to G. crug “beak” (GL/27) and possibly also to ᴱQ. karon “crow” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/45). The forms crunc and crwnc “crow” appeared in Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document (PE13/111), and ᴱN. crunc “crow” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141). The word ᴱN. corch also appeared in the same Early Noldorin Word-lists, but was unglossed, so it is not clear whether it was connected to 1930s N. corch “crow”.

coron

noun. globe, ball

corw

adjective. cunning, wily

corn

adjective. round, globed

corlur

proper name. ?Ilkorin

Noldorin equivalent to rejected ᴹQ. Korolóra, itself a variant of ᴹQ. Ilkorin, from the root ᴹ√LOY (EtyAC/LOYO). It is a combination of Caur = Kôr and a suffix -lur, likely the cognate of ᴹQ. -lóra “without, less” (EtyAC/LŌ).

corch

noun. crow

corn

adjective. round, globed

coron

noun. globe, ball

coron

noun. mound

corw

adjective. cunning, wily

ramas coren

place name. Ramas Coren

Earlier name of S. Rammas Echor in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/288), also appearing as Corramas (WE/340). It seems to be a combination of ram(m)as “✱great wall” and cognates of corn “round”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.28, 3.29).

daen

noun. corpse

A noun for “corpse” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ON. ndagno under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK), where the g vocalized to i before n and then ai became ae.

Conceptual Development: There were a couple of unrelated “corpse” words in Tolkien’s earlier writings. G. cweleg “corpse, dead body” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on G. cwel- “fade, wither” (GL/28), clearly the equivalent of contemporaneous ᴱQ. qelet (qelekt-) of the same meaning (QL/76). ᴱN. rhanc “corpse, body of one slain in battle” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s related to the verb rhengi (rhang-) “to slay in battle” (PE13/152).

iau

noun. corn, corn, *cereal crop

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “corn” derived from the root ᴹ√YAB “fruit” (Ety/YAB). It had the rather unusual plural form iui, which seems to be the result of au becoming ui via i-intrusion in Noldorin of the 1930s and 40s (PE22/40): yābī > ı̯auvi > ı̯uiw(i) > iui. In Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s the result was instead oe, so the Sindarin plural of this word would likely be ✱ioew. As for the gloss “corn”, it was probably intended to have its British meaning as a general term for any cereal crop like wheat or oats.

nordh

adjective. cord

daen

noun. corpse

iau

noun. corn

nordh

noun. cord

thaw

adjective. corrupt, rotten

enedh

noun. core, centre, middle

While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seem to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned , which has sometimes been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

thaw

adjective. corrupt, rotten

enedh

noun. centre, middle, core

nest

noun. ?heart, core

bennas

noun. angle, corner

nass

noun. angle or corner

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end; angle, corner

nesta

noun. ?heart, core

nethra

noun. ?heart, core

basgorn

noun. loaf, loaf, [G.] loaf of bread, [ᴱN.] round loaf, cake

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “loaf”, combination of N. bast “bread” and N. corn “round” (Ety/MBAS).

Conceptual Development: The word G. basgorn appeared in Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with the glosses “loaf” (GG/8), “a loaf” (GL/22), and “loaf of bread” (GL/26) as a combination of G. bast “bread” and G. corn “loaf”; in the last of these appearances its form was basgo(r)n indicating the r was optional. The word appeared as ᴱN. basgorn {“loaf” >>} “round loaf, cake” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/138).

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

taer

adjective. straight

Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/46:18 (which also lists the ligature)

cerin amroth

place name. Cerin Amroth

rhingorn

noun. circle

tîr

adjective. straight, right, straight, right; [G.] upright, honest; esteem, regard, honour

cum

noun. mound, heap

cumb

noun. mound, heap

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

egthel

noun. point (of spear)

galas

noun. growth, plant

hûn

noun. heart (physical)

loer

noun. summer

ment

noun. point

ment

noun. point

rhinn

noun. circle

thela

noun. point (of spear)

tîr

adjective. straight, right

úan

noun. monster

úan

noun. monster

basgorn

noun. loaf (of bread)

bennas

noun. angle

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

cerin

noun. mound

curu

noun. cunning

egnas

noun. sharp point

egnas

noun. peak

haudh

noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb

lheben

cardinal. five

lheben

cardinal. five

naith

place name. Angle

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

rhenn

adjective. circular

rhenn

adjective. circular

rhind

noun. circle

rhingorn

noun. circle

rhinn

noun. circle

taer

adjective. straight

ulun

noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature

ulund

noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature

aumata-

verb. eats away, corrodes

aumata-

verb. to eat away, corrode

ōmata-

verb. eat away, devour, corrode

kor

root. round, round; [ᴱ√] be round, roll

This was the Elvish root for round things throughout Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, and had Early Qenya and Gnomish derivatives like ᴱQ. korima “round” and G. corm “ring, circle, disc” (GL/26). ᴹ√KOR “round” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives in both Quenya and Noldorin (Ety/KOR). √KOR “round” was also mentioned in etymological notes probably written in the early 1960s (PE17/184). Its derivatives like Q. corma “ring” (LotR/953) and S. cerin “(circular) mound” (LotR/350; RC/309) appeared regularly in Tolkien’s later writings.

kawāk

noun. crow

lenep

root. five

lepem

root. five

lepen

root. five

√LEPEN was the most common root for “five” in Tolkien’s writings, but he explored a variety of other options. Its earliest iteration appeared in the Qenya and Gnomish lexicons as ᴱ√LEH (QL/52) or ᴱ√LEF “half” (GL/53), so I think the actual early form was ✱ᴱ√LEǶE [lexʷe]. At this early stage it had derivatives with the meanings “five”, “ten”, and “half”, but in later writings “ten” became ᴹ√KAYAN >> √KWAY(AM) and “half” became √PER.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as ᴹ√LEPEN “five” with variant ᴹ√LEPEK, but ᴹ√LEPEK had no derivatives (Ety/LEP). √LEPEN appeared again in a list of numbers from the late 1950s or early 1960s beside a variant √LENEP; again the variant had no clear derivatives (PE17/95). √LEPEN reappeared in numeric discussions from the late 1960s (VT42/24; VT47/10). In these late discussions Tolkien said that “five” most likely originally from ✱lepem as an ancient plural of √LEP, but it seems this became √LEPEN already in Common Eldarin (CE), given that the Sindarin word for “five” remained S. leben; Tolkien gave varying explanations for this CE sound change, either as dissimilation from p (VT47/26 note 2) or with final -m &gt; -n being the regular phonetic development (VT47/24).

lepene

noun. five

nektē

noun. angle

tad

root. enclosure

khô

noun. crow

A noun translated “crow” (SD/426). Tolkien listed this noun in two forms, khâu and khô, both as examples of seemingly uniconsonantal nouns that prehistorically were biconsonantal (from prehistoric ✶khaw). Most authors have suggested these are simply variations on the same noun illustrating different paths of phonetic development (AAD/18, AL/Adûnaic). Another interesting possibility is that khâu is an (archaic?) subjective form of khô, produced from the usual a-fortification of primitive ✶khaw → ✶khāw, which would develop phonetically in Classical Adûnaic to khâu and khô. As support for this idea, the plural form of khâu is given as khāwī(m), which appears to include the subjective plural suffix -im.

This line of reasoning is quite speculative. Nevertheless, it is probably easier to use the form khô over khâu, since the inflections of khô would be more regular: plural khôi, dual ✱khôwat, objective ✱khôwu, etc.

nazg

noun. (finger-)ring

>> Nazgûl 'Ringwraiths'

nazg

noun. ring

u

preposition. to

ezellohar

place name. Green Mound

lepen

cardinal. five

snǣs

noun. spear-head, point, gore, triangle

Original form not entirely clear; the stem is SNAS/SNAT (LR:387), not defined but evidently to be understood as a strengthened form of NAS "point, sharp end" (LR:374). A primitive plural form natsai is mentioned under SNAS/SNAT; snǣs may derive from something like snatsâ via snats, *snas. The shift of original a to long ǣ (presumably the same vowel as in English cat, but longer) is found in this word only, but there are several examples of e from a, see spenna, scella. Perhaps a became ǣ in stressed monosyllables where there was no following consonant cluster (as in nand).