Primitive elvish

ringi

root. cold

Tolkien used very similar forms for Elvish words for “cold” for all of his life. The earliest iteration of this root was unglossed ᴱ√RIŊI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. rin (ring-) “dew” and ᴱQ. ringa “damp, cold, chilly” (QL/80). The root had similar derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. “coolness, cool” and G. ring “cool, cold” (GL/65). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root {ᴹ√RINGĀ >>} ᴹ√RINGI “cold” with derivatives like ᴹQ. ringe/N. rhing “cold” (Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI). Primitive forms ✶riñgi “chill” and ✶riñgā appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s (PE21/80), and Christopher Tolkien mentioned √ring as the basis for cold words in the Silmarillion Appendix (SA/ring).

Primitive elvish [SA/ring] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ringi

adjective. chill

Primitive elvish [PE21/81] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Quenya 

ringa

cold

ringa adj. "cold" (Markirya); the Etymologies gives ringë (RINGI), but it seems that ringa is to be preferred (cf. Ringarë below). Yá hrívë tenë, ringa ná "when winter comes, it is cold" (VT49:23). According to VT46:11, Tolkien originally used the form ringa in Etym as well; later he would restore it. - In early "Qenya", ringa is glossed "damp, cold, chilly" (LT1:265)

ringë

cold

ringë adj. "cold", also ringa (which form is to be preferred; cf. Ringarë in LotR). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, ringë is also given as a noun "cold pool or lake (in mountains)", but according to VT46:11 this noun should read ringwë. (RINGI)

yelwa

cold

yelwa (2) adj. "cold" (LT1:260 this "Qenya" word is apparently obsoleted by # 1 above. In LotR-style Quenya, the regular term for "cold" seems to be ringa.)

ringa

adjective. cold, cold, [ᴱQ.] chilly; damp

Quenya [CPT/1298; MC/222; VT49/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niquë

noun. cold, cold; [ᴹQ.] snow

Quenya [PE17/168; WJ/417] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ringa súmaryassë

in her cold bosom

The fourth line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is ringa “cold” followed by the 3rd-singular possessive form (“her”) of súma “bosom” with the locative suffix -ssë (“in”).

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ringa súma-rya-ssë = “✱cold bosom-her-in”

helca

icy, ice-cold

helca ("k")adj. "icy, ice-cold" (misprint "helk" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry KHELEK; both the Silmarillion Appendix and LT1:254 have helka, and VT45:21 finally confirmed that there is a final -a in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript as well). In Helcar, the Inland Sea in the north-east of Middle-earth, and Helcaraxë, the Grinding Ice between Araman and Middle-earth_ (SA; spelt "Helkarakse" in the Etymologies, stem KARAK)_

nicu-

verb. be chill, cold (of weather); to snow, it is cold, it freezes

nicu- ("k")vb. "be chill, cold (of weather); to snow, it is cold, it freezes" (WJ:417, PE17:168): 3rd sg. aorist niquë (q.v.) "it snows or freezes", present níqua "it is freezing", pa.t. nicunë "it snowed, froze" (PE17:168)

ninquë

white, chill, cold, palid

ninquë adj. "white, chill, cold, palid" (WJ:417, SA:nim, PE17:168, NIK-W - spelt "ninqe" in Etym and in LT1:266, MC:213, MC:220, GL:60), pl. ninqui in Markirya. Compounded in Ninquelótë noun "White-Flower" (SA:nim), = Sindarin Nimloth, the White Tree of Númenor; ninqueruvissë ("q") "white-horse-on" _(MC:216; this is "Qenya", read _ninqueroccossë or *ninquiroccossë in LotR-style Quenya). Normally ninquë would be expected to have the stem-form ninqui-, given the primitive form ¤ninkwi; Ninquelótë rather than *Ninquilótë must be seen as an analogical form.

niqu-

verb. to be chill, cold, freeze (of weather), snow

A verb in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 glossed “be chill, cold (of weather)” (WJ/417). It also appeared in some etymological notes from around 1959 as a derivative of the root √NIK(W) and with the glosses “to snow, it is chill, it freezes” (PE17/168). In this 1959 note Tolkien gave several inflected forms making it clear nicu- was an impersonal verb: nīqua “it is freezing”, nicune “it snowed, froze”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d mostly use nicu- as an impersonal verb for cold weather: nique “it is cold, it is freezing”. For the freezing of water or similar substances, I’d use ᴺQ. hel-. For “to snow” I’d use ᴺQ. hris-, a modernization of archaic †hriz-.

Quenya [PE17/168; WJ/417] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niquë

it is cold, it freezes; it snows or freezes

niquë (1) vb. "it is cold, it freezes; it snows or freezes" (WJ:417, PE17:168), 3rd sg. of nicu-, q.v.

ringwë

cold pool or lake (in mountains)

ringwë (1) noun "cold pool or lake (in mountains)" (VT46:11). The misreading ringë appears in Etym as printed in LR, entry RINGI.

yá hríve menë, ringa ná

when winter comes/arrives/is with us, it is cold

Quenya [VT49/23; VT49/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

helca

adjective. icy, ice-cold

Quenya [S/134; SA/khelek] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nicu-

verb. to be chill, cold, freeze (of weather), snow

ninquë

adjective. white; chill, cold; pallid

Quenya [MC/222; PE17/071; PE17/168; SA/nim; WJ/417] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rinyulca

noun. bar, tavern, (lit.) cold-drink-house

A neologism for “bar, tavern” coined by Luinyelle posted on 2025-10-03 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), an elaboration of √RINGI “cold” + √YUL “drink”. Compare with uryulca “café” based on uryul “warm drink”.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

nungwë

noun. cold (in the nose or head)

Ringarë

december

Ringarë noun, the twelfth and last month of the year, "December" (Appendix D, SA:ring); the word seems to mean *"Cold-day".

Yelin

winter

Yelin noun "winter" (LT1:260; LotR-style Quenya has hrívë, and Yelin was probably obsoleted together with the adjective yelwa_ "cold", that appears with a different meaning in the Etymologies)._

hrívë

winter

hrívë noun "winter", in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 72 days, but also used without any exact definition (Appendix D). Yá hrívë tenë, ringa ná "when winter comes (arrives, is with us), it is cold" (VT49:23; Tolkien changed tenë to menë, p. 24). The word Hrívion, heading a section of the poem The Trees of Kortirion that has to do with the "fading time", would seem to be related (LT1:42)

is

(1) vb. "is" (am). (Nam, RGEO:67). This is the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns "in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another" (VT49:28). Also in impersonal constructions: ringa ná "it is cold" (VT49:23). The copula may however be omitted "where the meaning is clear" without it (VT49:9). is also used as an interjection "yes" or "it is so" (VT49:28). Short na in airë [] na, "[] is holy" (VT43:14; some subject can evidently be inserted in the place of [].) Short na also functions as imperative: alcar mi tarmenel na Erun "glory in high heaven be to God" (VT44:32/34), also na airë "be holy" (VT43:14); also cf. nai "be it that" (see nai #1). The imperative participle á may be prefixed (á na, PE17:58). However, VT49:28 cites as the imperative form. Pl. nar or nár "are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 9, 30); dual nát (VT49:30). With pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë "I am", nalyë or natyë "you (sg.) are" (polite and familiar, respectively), nás "it is", násë "(s)he is", nalmë "we are" (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps to be taken as representing the aorist: nain, naityë, nailyë (1st person sg, and 2nd person familiar/polite, respectively); does a following na represent the aorist with no pronominal ending? However, the forms nanyë, nalyë, , nassë, nalme, nar (changed from nár) are elsewhere said to be "aorist", without the extra vowel i (e.g. nalyë rather than nailyë); also notice that *"(s)he is" is here nassë rather than násë (VT49:30).Pa.t. nánë or "was", pl. náner/nér and dual nét "were" (VT49:6, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 36). According to VT49:31, "was" cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë "he was" is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen "I was", anel "you were", anes "(s)he/it was" (VT49:28-29). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 27; another version however gives the future tense as uva, VT49:30). Nauva with a pronominal ending occurs in tanomë nauvan "I will be there" (VT49:19), this example indicating that forms of the verb may also be used to indicate position. Perfect anaië "has been" (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). Infinitive (or gerund) návë "being", PE17:68. See also nai #1.

when

(2) conj. "when" in the sentence yá hrívë tenë, ringa ná "when winter comes, it is cold" (VT49:23). Compare írë #2.

hrívë

noun. winter

Quenya [LotR/1107; LotR/1111; PE22/167; PE22/168; VT49/14; VT49/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

conjunction. when

A relative conjunction “when” appearing in various phrases in Tolkien’s writings of the 1950s and 60s, a vowel-lengthened form of the relative pronoun ya.

Conceptual Development: Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 had ᴹQ. í glossed “(relative) at the time mentioned, at the same time”, a vowel-lengthened form of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i (PE23/109). This was also given the gloss “when, whenever” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from this same period (PE22/121). Earlier still, ᴹQ. íre was used as the relative conjunction “when” in Fíriel’s Song of the 1930s. In the Early Qenya Grammar it seems ᴱQ. yan “when” served this function (PE14/59).

Quenya [CPT/1298; VT43/34; VT49/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ië

suffix. is

- (3) "is", -ier "are", stative verb suffix occurring in Fíriel's Song: númessier "they are in the west", meldielto "they are...beloved", talantië "he is fallen", márië "it is good" (< *númessë "in the west", melda "beloved", *talanta "fallen"); future tense -iéva in hostainiéva "will be gathered" (< *hostaina "gathered"). Compare ye "is", yéva "will be", verbs that also occur in Fíriel's Song. This suffix is probably not valid in LotR-style Quenya: - is an infinitival or gerundial ending in CO, for ye "is" Namárië has , and the phrase "lost is" is vanwa ná, not *vanwië.

Hesin

winter

Hesin noun "winter" (LT1:255; LotR-style Quenya has hrívë instead)

ailo

lake, pool

ailo noun "lake, pool" (LT2:339; Tolkien's later Quenya has ailin)

fána

white

fána, fánë (1) adj. "white" (Markirya - fánë as a sg. form in may be a misreading). Compare fanya.

fána

adjective. white, white; [ᴹQ.] cloud

@@@ as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, the form fánë “white” in the Markirya poem may be a slip or misreading

Quenya [MC/221; MC/222] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fánë

adjective. white

fáwë

snow

fáwë vb. "snow" (GL:35; rather lossë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

hriz-

verb. to snow

In notes written around 1959, Tolkien experimented with various roots for impersonal “snow” verbs, first giving the aorist form of a derived verb Q. hrisya “it snows” < hriþya from the root √SRITH, then the present tense form of a basic verb Q. hríza “it is snowing” from the root √SRIS (PE17/168).

Neo-Quenya: The basic verb form †hriz- is likely archaic, since z usually became r in Quenya’s phonetic development. In this case, though, I suspect the medial z dissimilated back to s after the hr, since Quenya disliked repeated r’s (PE19/73-74). This occurred, for example, with the verb ras- “stick out” < †raz- < √RAS.

Thus, I would use modern Quenya hrise “[it] snows”, hrinse “[it] snowed”, ihrísie “[it] has snowed”. Since this is an impersonal verb, no explicit subject is required.

hríve

noun. winter

Quenya [PE 22:125; PE 22:167f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

linya

pool

linya noun "pool" (LIN1)

lossë

snow

lossë (1) noun "snow" or adj. "snow-white" (SA:los, MC:213, VT42:18); losselië noun"white people" (MC:216, PE16:96)

lóna

pool, mere

lóna (1) noun "pool, mere" (VT42:10). Variant of lón, lónë above?

nendë

pool

nendë (1) noun "pool" (NEN), "lake" (PE17:52)

nendë

noun. lake, lake, [ᴹQ.] pool

A word for “lake” (PE17/52) or “pool” (Ety/NEN), derived from the root √NEN “water”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared in both The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NEN) and notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37) with the same basic meaning and derivation.

niquë

snow

niquë (2) ("q")noun "snow" (NIK-W)

nixë

frost

nixë noun "frost" (WJ:417); previously described as a synonym of niquis "ice-flake or snowflake", q.v. (PE17:168)

olos

snow, fallen snow

olos (2) noun "snow, fallen snow" (prob. oloss-, cf. the longer form olossë below; this form should be preferred since olos also = "dream, vision") (GOLOS)

olossë

snow, fallen snow

olossë noun "snow, fallen snow" (GOLÓS, LOT[H])

ringwë

rime, frost

ringwë (2) noun "rime, frost" (LT1:265)

sára

bitter

sára (1) adj. "bitter" (SAG)

ye

is

ye (2) copula "is" (FS, VT46:22); both earlier and later sources rather point to (q.v.) as the copula "is", so ye may have been an experiment Tolkien later abandoned. Future tense yéva, q.v.

í(qua), illume, iquallume

conjunction. when, whenever

Quenya [PE 22:121] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

írë

when

írë (2) conj. "when" (subordinate conjunction, not question-word: írë Anarinya queluva, "when my sun faileth") (FS). Compare #2.

úyë

is

úyë vb., a form occurring in Fíriel's Song (cf. VT46:22), apparently ye "is" with the negative prefix ú-, hence "is not" (úyë sérë indo-ninya símen, translated "my hearth resteth not here", literally evidently *"[there] is not rest [for] my heart here")

hris-

verb. to snow

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

malumë

adverb. when

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Noldorin 

rhing

adjective. cold

Noldorin [Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhing

adjective. cold

Noldorin [Ety/383, S/436, VT/42:13, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as N. rhim “cold pool or lake (in mountains)” derived from the root ᴹ√RINGI “cold” (Ety/RINGI). This word is the final element of N. Mithrim “✱Grey Lake” in The Etymologies, but in later writings Tolkien explained this name differently, deriving the name from the Elves that lived around the lake, so it may have been abandoned.

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would be ᴺS. rim. Since √RINGI “cold” survived in later writings, this word may still be viable, though it would conflict with S. rim “host, a great number”.

Noldorin [Ety/RINGI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

helch

adjective. bitter cold, bitter cold, [G.] ice-cold, icy, cold

Noldorin [Ety/KHEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

himring

place name. Ever-cold

Noldorin [LBI/Himling; LR/145; LR/177; LR/189; LR/265; LRI/Himring; SM/108; SMI/Himling; TII/Himling] Group: Eldamo. Published by

helch

noun. bitter cold

Noldorin [Ety/364] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhimb

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fein

noun/adjective. cloud

Noldorin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hell

noun. frost

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “frost” derived from the root ᴹ√KHEL “freeze”, but Tolkien deleted this short root and its derivatives, keeping only the longer form ᴹ√KHELEK (Ety/KHEL).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had a number of similar “frost” related words: G. heloth “frost”, G. hîl {“ice-cold, icy” >>} “frost” as well as G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” (GL/48-49), all based on the early root ᴱ√HELE “freeze”, the last with the added element G. fileg “fern”.

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien probably deleted N. hell “frost” because he abandoned the short root ᴹ√KHEL, but short √KHEL did reappear in later writings (PE17/116), so it is tempting to restore hell “frost” as well. However, this conflicts with other attested words like N. hell “naked”, so I think it is better to use a neologism like ᴺS. nich for “frost”; see that entry for discussion.

Noldorin [Ety/KHEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

brassen

adjective. white-hot

Noldorin [Ety/351] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fein

noun/adjective. white

Noldorin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gloss

adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white

Noldorin [Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhîn

noun. pool

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhîn

noun. pool

Noldorin [Ety/KHIS; Ety/LIN¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

liniath

noun. pools

Noldorin [Hithliniath WJ/194] Group: SINDICT. Published by

oel

noun. lake, pool, mere

Noldorin [Ety/349, S/427, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhíw

noun. winter

saer

adjective. bitter

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

saer

adjective. bitter

Sindarin 

ring

adjective. cold

Sindarin [Ety/383, S/436, VT/42:13, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ethring

place name. *Across Cold

Name of a bridge across the river Ringló appearing on the maps of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1086). The second element of this name is almost certainly ring “cold”. This first element may be a mutated form of the prefix [N.] ath- “across”, with [[s|short [a] becoming [e] preceding an [i]]] (as suggested by David Salo, GS/378).

himring

place name. Ever-cold

A hill where Maedhros built his stronghold, translated “Ever-cold” (S/123). This name appears to be a compound of him “ever” (Ety/KHIM, EtyAC/KHIM) and ring “cold” (Ety/RINGI).

Conceptual Development: This name first appeared in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s as ᴱN. Himling of unclear meaning (LB/263) and the form N. Himling also appeared in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/108, LR/145) before being revised to N. Himring, at which point it was translated “Ever-cold” for the first time (LR/265).

Sindarin [S/123; SA/ring; SI/Himring; WJI/Himring] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ringló

noun. cold water

ring (“cold”) + lô (“shallow lake, fenland”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

mithrim

noun. grey cold lake

mith (“grey”) + rimb (“cold pool or lake”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

ring

adjective. cold, chill, cold, chill, [G.] cool

Sindarin [SA/ring; VT42/13; VT42/14] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

Sindarin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

oel

adjective. cool

him

adjective. cool

Sindarin [S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

him

adjective. cool

fain

noun/adjective. cloud

Sindarin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ring

cold

(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),

ring

cold

(no distinct pl. form)

helch

bitterly cold

(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);

helch

bitterly cold

(lenited chelch; pl. hilch)

helch

bitterly cold

(adj.) helch (lenited chelch; pl. hilch)

helch

bitterly cold

(adj.) helch (lenited chelch; pl. hilch);

rim

cold pool or lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

cold pool/lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

rim

cold pool/lake

rim; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

cold pool or lake

rim; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

him

cool

him (lenited chim; no distinct pl. form). Note that homophones include both the adjective ”steadfast, abiding” and the adverb ”continually”.

him

cool

(lenited chim; no distinct pl. form). Note that homophones include both the adjective ”steadfast, abiding” and the adverb ”continually”.

nim

adjective. white

Sindarin [PE17/019; PE17/168; SA/nim] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mithrim

noun. grey elves

mith (“grey”) + rim (collective plural suffix)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

girithron

noun. december (month)

Sindarin [LotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhîw

noun. winter season

Sindarin [LotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ael

noun. lake, pool, mere

Sindarin [Ety/349, S/427, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fain

noun/adjective. white

Sindarin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gloss

adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white

Sindarin [Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glân

adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean

ir

conjunction. (?) when

This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah . To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:9

Sindarin [LB/354] Group: SINDICT. Published by

loeg

noun. pool

Sindarin [S/407, UT/450, LotR/Map] Group: SINDICT. Published by

loeg

noun. pool

los

snow

{ŏ}_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, loss, Loss(h)oth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:161] < LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

loss

noun. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow)

Sindarin [S/434, VT/42:18, RGEO/70] Group: SINDICT. Published by

loss

noun. snow

_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, los, Loss(h)oth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:161] < LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lîn

noun. pool

Sindarin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

noun. shallow lake, fenland

Sindarin [UT/263, VT/42:8-10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mithrim

mithrim

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:140] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nim

white

_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:19] < T. _nimbi _white. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nim

white

_adj. _white (usual word). >> nimp, nimras

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:168] < _nimbĭ _< _nimpĭ_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rhîw

noun. winter

Sindarin [LotR/1107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

silivren

adjective. (white) glittering

Sindarin [LotR/II:I, RGEO/72] silif+-ren. Group: SINDICT. Published by

uilos

noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow

Sindarin [RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55] ui- + loss "everlasting snow, ever (white as) snow. Group: SINDICT. Published by

uilos

noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"

Sindarin [RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55] ui- + loss "everlasting snow, ever (white as) snow. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ael

pool

  1. ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)

ael

pool

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

ael

lake

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

both

small pool

(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.

faen

white

(radiant). No distinct pl. form.

fain

white

; no distinct pl. form.

girithron

december

Girithron (na **Irithron**)

girithron

december

(na ’Irithron)

gloss

white as snow, dazzling white

(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.

glosta-

verb. to snow

A neologism for “to snow” coined by Fiona Jallings, based on the root √(G)LOS “snow, whiteness”.

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

glân

white

  1. glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.

glân

white

(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.

hell

9j¸$ noun. frost

Sindarin [Etymologies] Group: Subject of debate. Published by

io

conjunction. when

A neologism coined by Röandil as io “when” posted on 2024-03-19 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), the Sindarin equivalent of Q. “when”. In stressed positions, this conjunction might remain iaw. Both of these forms conflict with existing Noldorin words: [N.] io “ago” and [N.] iau “corn”, but that doesn’t preclude their use.

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ir

when

?ir (not used in questions but to indicate time, as in ”when I saw you, I was glad”). This is one of several possible interpretations of the word, which occurs in a Sindarin poem untranslated by Tolkien (ir Isil ammen Eruchín…síla, ?”when the Moon shines for us Children of Eru…”, The Lays of Beleriand p. 354). By another interpretation, ir is simply a variant of the definite article.(relative pronoun), see THAT

ir

when

(not used in questions but to indicate time, as in ”when

ir

i

is simply a variant of the definite article.

loeg

pool

loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

loeg

pool

(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

loss

snow

(fallen snow) loss (construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).

lîn

pool

lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîn

pool

(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîn

lake

  1. lîn (pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #liniath (isolated from Hithliniath, WJ:194). 2) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 3) nên (water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn**. **

lîn

lake

(pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194).

shallow lake

(fenland), pl. .

nich

noun. frost

A neologism for “frost”, cognate of Q. nixë of the same meaning (WJ/417), that assumes a phonetic development similar to that of S. ach vs. Q. akse (axë) “neck” (PE17/92); see the entry on how [[os|[p], [t], [k] spirantalized before [s]]] in (Old) Sindarin.

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

nimp

white

(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.

nên

lake

(water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

rhîw

winter

rhîw (?i thrîw or ?i rîw the lenition product of rh- is uncertain); no distinct pl. form except with article (?idh rîw)

rhîw

winter

(?i thrîw or ?i rîw – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain*); no distinct pl. form except with article (?idh rîw)

saer

bitter

saer (lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).

saer

bitter

(lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).

silivren

glittering white

(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb

Nandorin 

loeg

noun. pool

@@@ as suggested by Lokyt, possibly a plural form of unattested log, since it is glossed in the plural in the source material: “pools”

Telerin 

nimbi

adjective. white

Telerin [PE17/019; PE17/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nimbi

adjective. white

About Nimrodel: "Nim is evidently the Telerin word nimbi 'white'." >> Nimrais >> Nimrodel

Telerin [PE17/49] Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

yelwa

adjective. cold

Early Quenya [LT1A/Melko; QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nang-

verb. I have a cold

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “I have a cold” from the early root ᴱ√NṆGṆ of the same meaning (QL/66), where the syllabic became an [aŋ].

Early Quenya [QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nungo

noun. cold (in the nose or head)

This word appeared as ᴱQ. nungo “a cold in head” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from ᴱ✶nṇg·ẇǝ under the early root ᴱ√NṆGṆ “have a cold” (QL/66), where the [[eq|syllabic became un [uŋ] before the primitive labial w]]. In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, the word became ᴱQ. nungwe “cold in the nose” (PE16/145), probably of similar origin.

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. nungwë “cold (in the nose or head)” for purposes of Neo-Quenya as a variant of ᴹQ. nengwe “nose” with the back-vowel u representing congestion in the nose.

Early Quenya [PE16/145; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yelma

noun. (a bout of) frost; a cold; chill

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ’yelma “a cold - a chill - a bout of frost” under the early root ᴱ√DẎELE “ring, sound hollow” (QL/106). The word yelma “frost” was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/106).

Early Quenya [PME/106; QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

níve qímari ringa ambar

the pale phantoms in her cold bosom

The third line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/213). The first word is plural of the adjective níva “pale” modifying the plural of the noun qímar “phantom”. This is followed by the adjective ringa “cold” modifying the noun ambar “bosom”. It seems that the words “her” and “in” do not appear in the Quenya phrase, although Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggested ambar might be an idiomatic dative form of a variant noun amba “bosom” (PE16/82, notes on line #3).

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> nív-e qímar-i ringa ambar = “✱pale-(plural) phantom-(plural) cold bosom”

Early Quenya [MC/213] Group: Eldamo. Published by

helka

adjective. ice-cold

Early Quenya [LT1A/Helkar; QL/039] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ringa

adjective. cold, damp, chilly

Early Quenya [LT1A/Qerkaringa; LT1A/Ringil; MC/213; PE16/145; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ringwe

noun. rime, frost; cold

Early Quenya [LT1A/Ringil; PE16/145; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yel

noun. cold, the cold

Early Quenya [QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nungwe

noun. cold in the nose

yelin

noun. winter

Early Quenya [LT1A/Melko; PME/106; QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fauta-

verb. to snow

A Qenya verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate to G. fôtha “it snows” (GL/35).

Early Quenya [GL/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hesin

noun. winter

Early Quenya [LT1A/Heskil; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossa

adjective. white

Early Quenya [MC/213; MC/216; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

narte

adjective. bitter

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ninqe

adjective. white

Early Quenya [GL/60; LT1A/Nielíqui; LT1A/Taniquetil; MC/213; MC/220; PE13/164; PE14/045; PE14/048; PE14/077; PE14/080; PE15/78; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/064; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/081; PE16/100; PE16/140; PME/066; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqista-

verb. to snow

A verb for “to snow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants niqista- and niqisya-, both elaborations of ᴱQ. niqis “snow” (QL/66).

Early Quenya [QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqisya-

verb. to snow

píqa

adjective. bitter

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yan

conjunction. when

Early Quenya [PE14/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

ringe

noun. cold, cold, *chill

Qenya [Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ringwe

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as ᴹQ. ringwe “cold pool or lake (in mountains)” derived from the root ᴹ√RINGI “cold” (Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road the form was given as ringe (LR/383), but this was corrected to ringwe by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. ringwe was glossed “rime, frost” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√RIŊI (QL/80). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ringwe was a noun for “cold” (PE16/145).

Qenya [Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

helka

adjective. ice-cold

Qenya [Ety/KHEL; EtyAC/KHEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fírien

noun. Winter

helle

noun. frost

helor

noun. frost

hríve

noun. winter

Qenya [PE22/125; PM/134] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linde

noun. pool

linya

noun. pool

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “pool” derived from the root ᴹ√LIN of the same meaning (Ety/LIN¹).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴹQ. linde “pool” appears in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/10), but this word is probably best avoided, as it clashes with Q. lindë “singing, song” (PE17/80).

man(an)

adverb. when

The correlatives manan or man “when” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would stick to ᴹQ. mallume, since I think -n(an) was abandoned.

Qenya [PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nende

noun. pool

ninqe

adjective. white

Qenya [Ety/NIK-W; PE21/15] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sára

adjective. bitter

íre

conjunction. when

Old Noldorin 

ringe

adjective. cold

Old Noldorin [Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ringi

root. cold

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MITH; Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lin

root. pool

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AY; Ety/KHIS; Ety/LIN¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sagrā

adjective. bitter

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

span

root. white

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LEP; Ety/ÑGUR; Ety/ÓLOS; Ety/PHAY; Ety/SPAN; Ety/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

dyele

root. *cold

Early Primitive Elvish [GL/38; LT1A/Melko; QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

riŋi

root. *cold

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nṇgṇ

root. have a cold

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “have a cold”, with derivatives like ᴱQ. nang- “have a cold” and ᴱQ. nungo “cold in the head” (QL/66). A similar form ᴱQ. nungwe “cold in the nose” appeared in Qenya Word-lists from the 1920s (PE16/145), and this root may have influenced later ᴹ√NEÑ that was the basis for “nose” words in The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/NEÑ-WI).

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqi

root. white

Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aya(la) Speculative

root. lake

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

ring

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

A Doriathrin noun meaning “cold pool or lake (in mountains)” derived from the root ᴹ√RINGI (Ety/RINGI). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. ringwe suggests a primitive form ✱✶riñgwi [riŋgwi]. This is problematic, since [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], as with Dor. líw < ᴹ✶liñ(g)wi. It is possible, though, that this word developed directly from the root form ✱✶riñgi [riŋgi], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/ring).

Doriathrin [Ety/RINGI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

line

noun. pool

A noun for “pool” derived from the root ᴹ√LIN (Ety/LIN¹). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. linya suggests its primitive form was ✱✶linyā [linjā]. If so, it is an example of how, after [[ilk|final [a] was lost]], the [[ilk|final [j] became [i]]] and then became [e], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/line).

Doriathrin [Ety/LIN¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

moth

noun. pool

A Doriathrin noun for “pool”, derived from root ᴹ√MBOTH (Ety/MBOTH). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. motto suggests a primitive form of ✱✶mbottʰō. As pointed out by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/moth), the primitive [mb-] might be expected to have become [b-], since initial nasals usually vanished before stops in Ilkorin, as for example Ilk. bril < MBIRÍL.

Doriathrin [Ety/MBOTH] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

helc

adjective. ice-cold, icy, cold

helchor

proper name. anarctic cold, utter frost of the south

Gnomish [GL/48; LT1A/Helkar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ring

adjective. cool, cold

Gnomish [GL/65; LT1A/Ringil] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. coolness, cool; a sudden breeze or cold breath

Gnomish [GL/65; LT1A/Ringil] Group: Eldamo. Published by

helw

adjective. ice-cold, icy, cold

gilim

noun. winter

Gnomish [GG/08; GL/35; GL/38; LBI/Gilim; LT1A/Melko; LT2/068; LT2I/Gilim] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hîl

noun. frost

dos

adverb. when

eilin

noun. pool

fautha-

verb. to snow

folorin

noun. winter

fôtha-

verb. to snow

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “it snows” with variants fôtha- and {fontha- >>} fautha-, elaborations of G. “snow” (GL/35).

gwalir

noun. rime

heloth

noun. frost

Gnomish [GL/48; GL/49; LT1A/Helkar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hess

noun. winter

Gnomish [GL/49; LT1A/Heskil] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nîn

noun. pool

An archaic noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “pool” (GL/60), almost certainly derived from the early root ᴱ√NENE (QL/65).

pigwa

adjective. bitter

pigwed

adjective. bitter

Early Noldorin

harch

noun/adjective. chill, cold

Early Noldorin [PE13/147; PE13/163] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhing

adjective. cool

Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ailin

noun. lake

Early Noldorin [PE13/136; PE13/158] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhuin

noun. pool

Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mithrim

place name. Mithrim

Early Noldorin [LBI/Mithrim; LT1I/Asgon; LT2/202; LT2I/Asgon; LT2I/Mithrim; PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ancient telerin

nimbi

adjective. white

Ancient telerin [PE17/019; PE17/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by