tuima

sprout, bud

tuima noun "sprout, bud" (TUY)

tuia-

sprout, spring

tuia- vb. "sprout, spring" (Tolkien's gloss is actually "sprouts, springs", since tuia is also the 3rd pers. sg. present tense [or aorist]) (TUY)

locta-

sprout, put forth leaves or flowers

locta- _("k")_vb."sprout, put forth leaves or flowers" (LT1:258; this would have to become *lohta- in LotR-style Quenya, but later forms like losta- "to bloom" and tuia- "to sprout, spring" are to be preferred.)

hen

eye

hen (hend-, as in pl. hendi) noun "eye" (KHEN-D-E); possibly dual #hendu in hendumaica, q.v. Noun henfanwa "eye-screen, veil upon eyes" (PE17:176), adj. henulca "evileyed" (SD:68; cf. ulca).

hen

noun. eye

The Quenya word for “eye”, derived from the root √KHEN for eye-words (PE17/187; Ety/KHEN-D-E) and with stem-form hend- given its dual hendu (WJ/337).

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as ᴱQ. hen in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ and appearing beside ᴱQ. sé “eye, pupil” < ᴱ✶þeχē (PE12/21). Hen (hend-) “eye” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon though it was marked “†” for archaic (QL/40), and ᴱQ. hend- also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as the cognate of G. hen “eye” (GL/48). ᴱQ. hen appeared regularly in documents from the 1920s (PE13/147; PE14/43, 76; PE16/136), although in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s ᴱQ. sinda was given as the cognate of ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” (PE13/122). The form ᴱQ. sinda seems to have been a transient idea.

A lengthy declension of ᴹQ. hen “eye” appeared in documents from the early 1930s (PE21/52) and in The Etymologies of the 1930s it was based on a new the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). In both these documents, inflected forms indicate a stem form of hend-. Thus this word and its stem were quite stable in Tolkien’s mind, though he did alter its root from early ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] to later √KHEN.

Cognates

• S. hen(d) “eye”

Derivations

• √KHEN “base of eye-words, base of eye-words; [ᴹ√] look at, see, observe, direct gaze”

Element in

• Q. alahen “eyeless”
• ᴺQ. hencalcat “eye-glasses, spectacles”
• ᴺQ. hendelë “window”
• ᴺQ. hendelúpea cecet “peafowl, (lit.) eye-plumed pheasant”
• Q. hendumaica “sharp-eye[d]” ✧ WJ/337
• Q. henfanwa “eye-screen, veil upon eyes”
• Q. henta- “to eye, examine, read, scan”
• ᴺQ. hentópa “eyelid”

hend

noun. eye

heneb

adjective. of eye, eyed, having eyes

hen(d)

noun. eye

The Sindarin word for “eye”, most notably in the name Amon Hen “Hill of the Eye” (LotR/400), derived from the root √KHEN that was the basis for eye-words (PE17/187). Given the words henneth “window” (LotR/674) and Lachend “Flame-eyed” (WJ/384), it is possible that the independent word for “eye” is hend, but note also maecheneb “sharp-eye” which has no double-n (WJ/337).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. hen “eye” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/48), cognate to ᴱQ. hend- and so probably similarly derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ (PE12/21). In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” was paired with ᴱQ. sinda (PE13/122), but in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the same period, ᴱN. henn was again cognate with ᴱQ. hen (hend-), both from primitive ᴱ✶ske-ndá. In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. {hent, henn >>} hên “eye” from the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). Thus this word was well established in Tolkien’s mind, but had several variations in its form and derivation.

Cognates

• Q. hen “eye”

Derivations

• √KHEN “base of eye-words, base of eye-words; [ᴹ√] look at, see, observe, direct gaze”

Element in

• S. Amon Hen “Hill of Sight, (lit.) Hill of the Eye” ✧ PE17/077
• S. Emyn Hen Dúnadan “Hills of the Eye of the Dúnadan” ✧ PM/186 (Emyn Hen Dúnadan*)
• S. Finellach “?Flame of Hair and Eye”
• ᴺS. hendelu “brow”
• S. henneth “window”
• S. Lachend “Flame-eyed”
• S. maecheneb “sharp-eye[d]” ✧ WJ/337
• ᴺS. orchen “dandelion, (lit.) day-eye”

Variations

• Hen ✧ PE17/077; PM/186 (Hen)
• hen ✧ WJ/337 (hen)

hen

noun. eye

henn

noun. eye

tui

bud

tui or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (sprout), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])

tui

bud

or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (sprout), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])

tui

sprout

(noun) tui or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (bud), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])

tui

sprout

or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (bud), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])

hend

eye

hend (i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.

hend

eye

(i chend, construct hen), pl. hind (i chind), dual hent ”pair of eyes” (VT45:22), coll. pl. hennath. Adj.

heneb

eyed

(lenited chebeb, pl. henib). Isolated from maecheneb ”sharp-eyed” (lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib) (WJ:337)

tuia

sprout

(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, spring)

tuia

sprout

(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, spring)

tuila-

verb. to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tuilu- “to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)”

Derivations

• ✶tuilu- “to open (of buds, flowers)”
  • √TUY “sprout, bud” ✧ PE22/136

tuilu-

verb. to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo inspired by ᴹQ. tuilu- and derived from ✶tuilu-, both of the same meaning (PE22/114, 136). However, we don’t know how u-verbs are inflected in Sindarin, so Elaran suggested the easier-to-conjugate ᴺS. tuila- as an alternative.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tuilu- “to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)”

Derivations

• ✶tuilu- “to open (of buds, flowers)”
  • √TUY “sprout, bud” ✧ PE22/136

tuy

root. sprout, bud

Tolkien used this root and ones like it for sprouting things for much of his life. Its earliest appearance was unglossed ᴱ√TUẎU in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where the Ẏ probably represents an ancient palatal spirant [ʝ] or [ç], with derivatives like ᴱQ. tuile “spring, (lit.) a budding” and ᴱQ. tuita- “to bud, burst, burgeon, grow” (QL/96). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tuil “spring” and G. tuitha- “sprout, spring, gush” (GL/71). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root as ᴹ√TUY “sprout, spring” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tuia-/N. tuia- “sprout, spring” and ᴹQ. tuile “spring-time” (Ety/TUY). The root reappeared several times in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “sprout” (PE19/54) and “sprout, bud” (VT39/7).

Derivatives

• ✶tuilu- “to open (of buds, flowers)” ✧ PE22/136
  • ᴺS. tuilu- “to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)”
  • ᴺS. tuila- “to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)”
• Q. tuilë “spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green” ✧ VT39/07
• ᴺQ. tuista “twig, shoot, sprout, spray”
• ᴺS. tuig “shoot, sapling, sprout”

Variations

• TUJ ✧ PE22/136
• TUJU ✧ VT39/07
• Tuyu ✧ VT39/09

tui

noun. sprout, bud

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a sprout, bud” under the root ᴹ√TUY “spring, sprout” (Ety/TUY).

Conceptual Development: There was a different word G. teth “a bud” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/70), likely based on the early root ᴱ√TETE “bud, blossom” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/92).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tuima “sprout, bud” ✧ Ety/TUY

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tuimā “a sprout, bud” ✧ Ety/TUY
  • ᴹ√TUY “sprout, spring” ✧ Ety/TUY

Element in

• ᴺS. tuilas “petal, (lit.) bud-leaf”
• N. tuilinn “swallow, (lit.) spring-singer”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tuimā > tuiw > tui	[tuimā] > [tuima] > [tuim] > [tuiv] > [tui]	✧ Ety/TUY

tui

noun. a sprout, bud

tuiw

noun. a sprout, bud

tuia-

verb. to sprout, spring

tuia-

verb. to swell

hent

noun. the two eyes (referring to one person's eyes)

hên

noun. eye

hên

noun. eye

Changes

• hent/henn → hên “eye” ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hen “eye” ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHEN(DE) “eye; look at, see, observe, direct gaze” ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E

Element in

• N. Amon Hen

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > hent/henn	[kʰende] > [xende] > [xend] > [hend] > [henn]	✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E
ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > hint/hinn	[kʰendi] > [xendi] > [xindi] > [xend] > [hend] > [henn]	✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E
ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > hên	[kʰen] > [xen] > [xēn] > [hēn]	✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E
ᴹ√KHEN-D-E > hîn	[kʰeni] > [xeni] > [xini] > [xīn] > [hīn]	✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E

Variations

• hent/henn ✧ Ety/KHEN-D-E (hent/henn)