sanda

name

[sanda, sandë] (þ) (2) noun "name" (VT46:16)

sanda

noun. shield

Cognates

• S. thand “shield” ✧ UT/281

Derivations

• ✶thandā “shield” ✧ UT/282

Element in

• Q. sandastan “shield-barrier” ✧ UT/282

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶thandā > sanda	[tʰandā] > [θandā] > [θanda] > [sanda]	✧ UT/282

sanda

firm, true, abiding

sanda (þ) (1) adj. "firm, true, abiding" (STAN)

sana

that

sanya

name

[sanya] (þ) (2) noun ?"name" (reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16)

tana

that

tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.

tana

that

Element in

• Q. tambë “*as, so”

Elements

Word	Gloss
ta	“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

• tănā ✧ VT49/11

yana

that

yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)

tanca

firm, fixed, sure

tanca ("k")adj. "firm, fixed, sure" (TAK)

tanya

that

tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)

sa

conjunction. that

-on

name

-on gen.pl. ending (3O), in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, #esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion (see Nan-Tasarion), Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive (hence #esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron).

esse

noun. name

essë

name

essë (1) noun "name", also later name of Tengwa #31, originally (MET) called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" (VT43:14). Pl. #essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. #esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron (q.v.); we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps #esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta *("k") noun "Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415); Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) (MR:214, 471). The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë** in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" (VT45:12).

essë

noun. name

Cognates

• ᴺS. ess “name”

Derivations

• ᴹ√ES “indicate, name”

Element in

• Q. amilessë “mother-name”
• Q. anessë “given (or added) name, nickname, surname” ✧ MR/216
• Q. cilmessë “self-name”
• Q. epessë “after-name”
• Q. Essecarmë “Name-making” ✧ MR/470
• Q. Essecenta Eldarinwa “Enquiry (into the origins) of the Elvish names” ✧ WJ/359
• Q. Essecilmë “Name-choosing” ✧ MR/470
• Q. na airë esselya “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT43/14
• Q. nómessë “place-name” ✧ VT42/17
• Q. notessë “numeral”
• ᴺQ. tengessë “address, (lit.) indication-name”

Variations

• esse ✧ LotR/1123
• essë ✧ MR/470
• Esse ✧ WJ/359

esta-

verb. name

turma

shield

turma (1) noun "shield" (TURÚM).

umbas

shield

umbas (þ) noun "shield" (VT45:33)

ne

that

ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).

ta

that, it

ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/tó "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).

i, antevokaliskt in

conjunction. that

i

pronoun. that

savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo

that

i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

tulca

firm, strong, immovable, steadfast

tulca (1) ("k") adj. "firm, strong, immovable, steadfast" (TULUK)

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

• S. im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/042

thand

noun. shield

thand

noun. shield

Cognates

• Q. sanda “shield” ✧ UT/281

Derivations

• ✶thandā “shield” ✧ UT/282

Element in

• S. thangail “shield-fence, shield-wall” ✧ UT/281

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶thandā > Than-	[tʰandā] > [tʰanda] > [θanda] > [θand] > [θann]	✧ UT/282

Variations

• Than- ✧ UT/281 (Than-)

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

thangail

noun. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain

eneth

noun. name

esta-

verb. to name

taug

adjective. firm

adj. firm, strong, ?withstand. Q. tauka stiff, wooden.

tangada

make firm

(confirm, establish) (i dangada, i thangadar)

thand

shield

(noun) 1) thand, construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath; 2) amath (pl. emaith);

thand

shield

construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath

thand

firm

(true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkien’s manuscript).

thand

adjective. firm, true, abiding

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”

thangail

shield wall, shield fence

. No distinct pl. form. *(UT:281) ***

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ess

noun. name

Cognates

• Q. essë “name”

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

tanc

firm

(adj.) tanc (lenited danc; pl. tainc)

tanc

firm

(lenited danc; pl. tainc)

amath

shield

(pl. emaith)

thala

firm

1) thala (steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili, 2) thand (true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkiens manuscript).

thala

firm

(steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

• √TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

thandā

noun. shield

Derivatives

• Q. sanda “shield” ✧ UT/282
• S. thand “shield” ✧ UT/282

san-

noun. that

Derivatives

• S. san “that” ✧ PE17/042

en

root. name

Derivatives

• S. en- “*to name”
• ᴺS. enwiol “nominal”

tangada-

verb. to make firm, confirm, establish

thand

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

tanc

adjective. firm

tanc

adjective. firm, firm; [ᴱN.] steady, steadfast; [G.] settled

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tanka “firm, fixed, sure, firm, fixed, sure, [ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast” ✧ Ety/TAK

Derivations

• ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast, make” ✧ Ety/TAK

Element in

• N. Marthanc “Hamfast”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TAK > tanc	[taŋka] > [taŋkʰa] > [taŋxa] > [taŋx] > [taŋk]	✧ Ety/TAK

amath

noun. shield

amath

noun. shield

Cognates

• ᴹQ. umbas “shield” ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Derivations

• ᴹ√MBAT(H) “screen, shield” ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Element in

• N. Orchelanath ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H) (Orchallamath)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MBAT(H) > ambath > amath	[ṃbatʰ] > [ambatʰ] > [ambaθ] > [ambaθ] > [ammaθ] > [amaθ]	✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

thann

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Misreading thenid, thenin rectified according to VT/46:16

thann

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Changes

• thann → thann “?name” ✧ Ety/STAN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sanda “firm, true, abiding” ✧ Ety/STAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√STAN “fix, indicate, decide” ✧ Ety/STAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√STAN > thand > thann	[standa] > [sθanda] > [θanda] > [θand] > [θann]	✧ Ety/STAN

Variations

• thenid/thenin ✧ EtyAC/STAN

ambath

noun. shield