A theoretical noun arising from OS *sanattʰe (< SAN). Cp. girith, meleth, etc.
Sindarin
san
pronoun. that
sant
noun. garden, field, yard
sant
noun. garden, field, yard (or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not)
sanath
85#3D noun. thinking, thought
sant
privately owned place
(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
sant
yard
sant (i hant, o sant) (field, garden, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20), coll. pl. sannath
sant
yard
(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20), coll. pl. sannath
sant
garden
sant (i hant, o sant) (field, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
sant
garden
(i hant, o sant) (field, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
sant
field
(i hant, o sant) (garden, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
sant
privately owned place
sant (i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)
sa
pronoun. that
lith
noun. ash, ash; [N.] sand
A noun for “ash” appearing as an element in names like Lithlad “Plain of Ashes” (RC/457) and Dor-nu-Fauglith “Land under Choking Ash” (WJ/239-240), as well as in the adjective lithui “ashy, ashen” (RGEO/66, RC/765). It is translated as “dust” in the name Anfauglith “Gasping Dust” (S/150), but since this is the name for Ard-galen after the region was burned by the forces of Morgoth, this may simply be a loose translation for “ash”.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. lith was glossed “sand” from primitive ᴹ✶litse under the root ᴹ√LIT (Ety/LIT), and in this document N. Fauglith was translated “Thirsty Sand” (Ety/PHAU), as opposed to its original translation from the 1920s and early-to-mid 1930s which was simply “Thirst” (LB/275; SM/26, 101; LR/280).
Neo-Sindarin: For Neo-Sindarin I’d use lith mainly in its 1950s-60s sense “ash” but also allow its 1930s sense “sand”, but for “dust” I’d use [N.] ast. @@@ Maybe it would be better to coin a neologism for “sand”?
lith
noun. ash, sand, dust
han
that
pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.
lith
sand
lith (sand, dust) (Names:178), no distinct pl. form.
lith
sand
(sand, dust) (Names:178), no distinct pl. form.
iaun
sanctuary
iaun (holy place, fane), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaun
sanctuary
(holy place, fane), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
pol-
verb. can
iaun
holy place
(fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaun
fane
iaun (holy place, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaun
fane
(holy place, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaun
holy place
iaun (fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaun
holy place
iaun (fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath;
lith
ash
lith (sand, dust), no distinct pl. form.
lith
ash
(sand, dust), no distinct pl. form.****
parth
field
1) parth (i barth, o pharth) (sward, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth), 2) (low, flat field, or wetland) talf (i dalf, o thalf), pl. telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. _(Names:195). Note: a homophone means ”palm”. 3) sant (i hant, o sant) (garden, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)_
thand
noun. shield
aer
adjective. holy
bo ceven sui vi menel
on Earth as [it is] in Heaven
The fifth line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word is the preposition bo “on”, followed by ceven “earth”. The third word is the preposition sui “as”, followed by vi the lenited form of mi “in” and menel “heaven”. There is no Sindarin equivalent for English “it is” in this phrase.
See the entry for the first line of this prayer for a discussion of the (mis)use of menel for “Heaven” in this phrase.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> bo Ceven sui vi Menel = “✱on Earth as in Heaven”
cirith
noun. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile
cova-
verb. gather
weak intr. v. gather, assemble, come to same place, meet. mae-govannen 'well met'. This gloss was rejected.
criss
noun. cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine
A word for a “cleft, cut, slash” (PE21/81; Ety/KIRIS) derived from √KIRIS, a blend of the roots √KIR and √RIS (PE17/87).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. criss “cleft, gash, gully” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it was probably already a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KIRISI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/27; LT2A/Cris Ilbranteloth). In the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin Tolkien gave cris with the definition “a cleft, ravine, or narrow way of waters with high walls” (PE15/21), and in this period it typically appeared in this shorter form within names like G. Cris Ilbranteloth or G. Cris Thorn.
N. criss appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cleft, cut, slash” under the root ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” (Ety/KIRIS). It also appeared under the root ᴹ√KIR with the gloss “cleft, pass”, but this instance was deleted (EtyAC/KIR). S. criss “cleft” was mentioned in passing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s as derived from primitive ✶kirissi (PE21/80-81), and it was mentioned as a blending of roots in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as described above (PE17/87). Its use in names diminished over time, however, the only remnant in the final version of The Silmarillion being S. Crissaegrim (S/121).
Neo-Sindarin: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems this word was principally used as for a “cleft, cut, slash” independent of geography. I would assume the same is true for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since criss is used only in a single geographic name in Tolkien’s later writings; S. cirith was use more broadly in geographic features. I would also assume it was a larger and more violent cut (a “gash” or “slash”) compared to S. rest for simple cuts.
delu
adjective. hateful, deadly, fell
eneth
noun. name
ennas
adverb. there, in that place
ennas
adverb. there
esta-
verb. to name
falch
noun. deep cleft, ravine
gûl
noun. knowledge
n. knowledge, deep knowledge not 'occult' in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the 'wise' or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom, shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-.
mell
adjective. dear
_ adj. _dear, beloved. Q. melda.
mell
adjective. dear, beloved
parth
noun. field, enclosed grassland, sward
rim
noun. crowd, host, great number
riss
adjective. cleft
_ adj. _cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. >> Imladris
talf
noun. flat field, flat land
taug
adjective. firm
adj. firm, strong, ?withstand. Q. tauka stiff, wooden.
thanc
adjective. cleft, split, forked
thand
noun. shield
thangail
noun. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain
thaun
pine
pl1. thoen n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> Dor I thoen, thôn. This gloss was rejected.
thôn
noun. pine-tree
thôn
noun. pine
thôn
noun. pine
n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> Dor I thoen, thôn. This gloss was rejected.
tirith
noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance
tirith
watch
{1st ĭ}_n._watch, ward, guard. >> tíria, Minas Tirith
amath
shield
(pl. emaith)
baug
oppressive
baug (cruel, tyrannous) (lenited maug), pl. boeg
baug
oppressive
(cruel, tyrannous) (lenited maug), pl. boeg
branna-
verb. to scorch
caew
resting place
(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).
caw
zyE noun. shelter, protection
A theoretical noun from supposed OS *kauma < KAW (the root of Q cauma 'id.', PE17/108).
cirith
cleft
(i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith)
criss
cleft
(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”
cîl
cleft
(i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”.
delu
hateful
delu (deadly, fell), lenited dhelu; analogical pl. dely. Archaic delw (the only attested form).
delu
hateful
(deadly, fell), lenited dhelu; analogical pl. dely. Archaic delw (the only attested form).
dîn
opening
dîn (i dhîn) (gap, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
dîn
opening
(i dhîn) (gap, mountain pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nîn); coll. pl. díniath. Note: a homophone means ”silence”.
eneth
name
(noun) eneth (pl. enith)
eneth
name
(pl. enith)
ennas
there
ennas (SD:128-31)
ennas
there
(SD:128-31)
ess
noun. name
esta
name
(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)
esta
name
(call) (i esta, in estar)
falch
cleft
(ravine[?]), pl. felch
gaer
holy
gaer (awful, fearful); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
gaer
holy
(awful, fearful); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
gardh
bounded or defined place
(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);
gûr
inner mind
(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)
hoth
crowd
1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth), 2) ovras (heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath, 3) rim (great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.
hoth
crowd
(i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth)
i
that
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.
idhor
thoughtfulness
. (Correction of idher in LR:361 s.v.
idhr
id
> idhor as the later forms.)
idhren
thoughtful
(pondering, wise), pl. idhrin;
iell
maid
1) iell (-iel) (girl, daughter), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (daughter, girl), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath** **
iell
maid
(-iel) (girl, daughter), pl. ill
ind
mind
ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
mind
(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ist
knowledge
ist (lore); no distinct pl. form.
ist
knowledge
(lore); no distinct pl. form.
ista
have knowledge
(i ista, in istar), pa.t. sint or istas (VT45:18).
land
open space
(construct lan, pl. laind) (level), also used as adjective ”wide, plain”.
dear
mail (lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
dear
(lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
nanu
noun. truth
narcha
rend
(i narcha, in narchar)
nauth
thought
nauth (pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
nauth
thought
(pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
ovras
crowd
(heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath
parth
field
(i barth, o pharth) (sward, enclosed grassland), pl. perth (i pherth)
pathu
level place
(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in
rest
cleft
(ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)
rhûd
rockhewn hall
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365);
rim
crowd
(great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.
rist
cleft
(noun) 1) rist (-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”, 2) cirith (i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith), 3) cîl (i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”. 4) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”, 5) rest (ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 6) (deep cleft) falch (ravine[?]), pl. felch
rist
cleft
(-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”
rond
hall with vaulted roof
(construct ron) (cave, cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath
rîdh
sown field
(acre); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)
saew
poison
(noun) saew (i haew, o saew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i saew)
saew
poison
(i haew, o saew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i saew)
sell
maid
(i hell) (daughter, girl), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. *sellath*** **
sâd
place
sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)
sâd
place
(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)
talf
field
(i dalf, o thalf), pl. telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. (Names:195). Note: a homophone means ”palm”.
tanc
firm
(adj.) tanc (lenited danc; pl. tainc)
tanc
firm
(lenited danc; pl. tainc)
tangada
make firm
(confirm, establish) (i dangada, i thangadar)
tass
1,D adverb. then, there
A Quenya-influenced neologism meaning "there, then, in that (place/time)", from Q. tassë.
taw
that
(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _
taw
pronoun. that
taw
that
. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.
tevren
adjective. hateful
thala
firm
1) thala (steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili, 2) thand (true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkiens manuscript).
thala
firm
(steady, stalwart), pl. ?theili
tham
hall
tham, pl. thaim, coll. pl. thammath;
tham
hall
pl. thaim, coll. pl. thammath;
thamas
great hall
pl. themais, coll. pl. thamassath;
thanc
cleft
(adj.) thanc (forked, split), pl. thainc
thanc
cleft
(forked, split), pl. thainc
thand
shield
(noun) 1) thand, construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath; 2) amath (pl. emaith);
thand
shield
construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath
thand
firm
(true, abiding), pl. thaind (VT46:16; notice that the forms “thenid” and “thenin” in LR:388 s.v. STAN represent misreadings of Tolkien’s manuscript).
thand
adjective. firm, true, abiding
thang
oppression
thang (compulsion, duress, need, oppression, tyranny), pl. theng if there is a pl.
thang
oppression
(compulsion, duress, need, oppression, tyranny), pl. theng if there is a pl.
thangail
shield wall, shield fence
. No distinct pl. form. *(UT:281) ***
tir-
watch
(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.
tiria
watch
1) tiria- (guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar). 2)
tiria
watch
(guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar).
tirith
watch, watching
(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)
tong
tight
tong (lenited dong; pl. tyng) (taut, resonant [of strings])
tong
tight
(lenited dong; pl. tyng) (taut, resonant [of strings])
A word appearing in The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s, which meant “a garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership, whether enclosed or not” (VT42/20). It was derived from √SAT “place, space” (VT42/19).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tand {“fence, border, bound” >>} “enclosure, garden” based the early root ᴱ√tadh- (GL/68).