bo

preposition. *on

bo

preposition. on

borlad

masculine name. Borlad

Son of Bór, an Easterling in Beleriand (S/157). The initial element of his name appears to be [N.] bôr “steadfast”, but the meaning of the second element is unclear. As this name was Sindarin, it was probably not his true name.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared as N. Borlas (LR/134), which also appeared in The Etymologies as a combination of bôr “steadfast” and glass “joy” (Ety/BOR, GALÁS). It changed to Borlad in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (LR/134, WJ/240).

boldog

masculine name. Boldog

Name (or possibly a title) of an Orc (MR/418) glossed “Torment-slayer” (Ety/ÑGWAL). This name is a compound of [N.] baul “torment” and [N.] daug “warrior”.

Conceptual Development: The name ᴱN. Boldog first appeared in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (PM/229). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, N. Boldog was glossed “Torment-slayer” and designated an Orc-captain (Ety/NDAK, ÑGWAL); these entries are the source of the derivation given above. The name appeared in some late notes from the 1950s, but not in the Silmarillion revisions from that period (MR/418, 423 note #5).

borlas

masculine name. Borlas

Younger son of Beregond in Tolkien’s aborted sequel to The Lord of the Rings: The New Shadow (PM/411). It may have the same etymology as earlier (unrelated) N. Borlas (Ety/BOR).

bo ceven sui vi menel

on Earth as [it is] in Heaven

The fifth line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word is the preposition bo “on”, followed by ceven “earth”. The third word is the preposition sui “as”, followed by vi the lenited form of mi “in” and menel “heaven”. There is no Sindarin equivalent for English “it is” in this phrase.

See the entry for the first line of this prayer for a discussion of the (mis)use of menel for “Heaven” in this phrase.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> bo Ceven sui vi Menel = “✱on Earth as in Heaven”

both

noun. fen, marsh, fen, marsh; [N.] puddle, small pool

The word N. both first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “puddle, small pool” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√MBOTH (Ety/MBOTH). It reappeared in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 as a derivative of √MOT “fen, marsh”, apparently of the same meaning, along with variants moth and amoth. For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use the form both and retain the 1957 and 1930s senses as derivations of slightly different roots.

borgil

proper name. Red-star

Name of a red star (LotR/81), a combination of born “hot, red” and gil “star” (Let/426-7).

borlach

masculine name. ?Steadfast-flame

Son of Bór, an Easterling in Beleriand (S/157). His name is appears to be a combination of [N.] bôr “steadfast” and lach “flame” “flame” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/344). As this name was Sindarin, it was probably not his true name.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared as N. Boromir, changed to Borlach in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (LR/134, WJ/240).

boromir

masculine name. ?Steadfast-jewel

Hero of Gondor and one of the Followship of the Ring (LotR/240). This name was also used by one of the Edain, 4th chief of the House of Bëor (S/148) and the 11th ruling steward of Gondor (LotR/1039). This name is a mixture of Sindarin and Quenya elements (LotR/1128), likely [N.] bôr “steadfast” and Q. mírë “jewel”. As pure Sindarin name, a final element S. mîr would have been lenited to -vir, producing ✱Borovir.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, N. Boromir was given as the name of an Easterling in Beleriand, one of the sons of Bór (LR/134). In The Etymologies, this name is explained as a combination of ON. boron “steadfast” and mīro (a masculinized form of ON. mīre “jewel”), thus ON. Boronmīro > N. Boromir (Ety/BOR, MIR). In this earlier etymology, the preceding n would prevented the mutation of the m. In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this character’s name changed to Borlach (WJ/240).

In The Lord of the Rings, S. Boromir was not longer an ancient name. This may be why Tolkien changed it to a mixed-language name to explain the presence of the m. However, the earlier etymology could have been applicable to (archaic) S. Boromir of the House of Bëor from The Silmarillion.

borondir

masculine name. ?Steadfast-man

A soldier of Gondor who lived 500 years before the War of the Ring (UT/297). The initial element of his name may be (ON.) boron “steadfast” and its final element appears to be dîr “-man” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/344).

borthand

masculine name. *Steadfast-intelligence

Son of Bór, an Easterling in Beleriand (S/157). The initial element of his name appears to be a combination of [N.] bor(th) “steadfast” and [N.] hann “intelligent” (Ety/BOR, KHAN). As this name was Sindarin, it was probably not his true name.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared as N. Borthandos (LR/134), and in The Etymologies, it was given as a combination of N. borth and N. handos “intelligence”, which is the source of the derivation given above. His name was changed to Borthand in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/240).

Borlas

noun. lasting, faithful joy (male name)

bór (“faithful, enduring”) + glass (“joy”)

boda-

verb. to ban, prohibit, refuse, forbid

born

adjective. hot, red

boda

verb. refuse, forbid

boda-

verb. to ban, prohibit

boe

verb (impersonal). to need

born

adjective. hot, red

abonnen

noun/adjective. born later, born after

abonnen

noun/adjective. man, one born later than the Elves, a human being (elvish name for men)

boda

prohibit

boda- (i voda, i modar) (ban)

boda

ban

(vb.) boda- (i voda, i modar) (prohibit)

boe

must

may be rendered by the impersonal verb boe "it is necessary, one must, one is compelled to". *Boe ammen maethad "it compels [is necessary] for us to fight" = we must fight. (Boe is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bui, LR:372 s.v. MBAW)

boe

must

"it is necessary, one must, one is compelled to". ✱Boe ammen maethad "it compels [is necessary] for us to fight" = we must fight. (Boe is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bui, LR:372 s.v.

both

small pool

(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.

both

puddle

both (i moth) (small pool), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read *bôth in Sindarin.

both

small pool

both (i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read *bôth in Sindarin.

both

small pool

both (i moth) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read *bôth in Sindarin.

both

puddle

(i moth) (small pool), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.

born Speculative

adjective. [stead]fast

boda

ban

(i voda, i modar) (prohibit)

boda

prohibit

(i voda, i modar) (ban)

boe

verb. I must

bond

adjective. snouted

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

born

hot

(red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

bothol

noun. oven

beren

masculine name. Bold

Hero of Beleriand and love of Lúthien who wrested a Silmaril from the crown of Morgoth (S/162). His name is simply [N.] beren “bold” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: The name G. Beren dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, though in the earliest stories he was a Noldorin Elf instead of a Man (LT2/11). The name N. Beren appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√BER alongside N. beren “bold” (Ety/BER), which is the source of the derivation given above.

glanduin

place name. Border-river

River marking the southern border of Eriador (LotR/1039), translated “Border-river” (UT/261, VT42/7). This name is combination of glan(n) “border” and duin “river” (VT42/7-8).

glanhír

place name. Boundary Stream

Sindarin name of the Mering Stream in Rohan, translated “boundary stream” (UT/318). This name is combination of glan(n) “border” and the lenited form of sîr “river”.

onnen

adjective. born

An adjective meaning “born” in the name for Men: Abonnen “After-born” (WJ/387). It appears to be a (reduced?) passive participle of the verb onna- “✱to give birth to”.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. nuin “born” (GL/61) based on the early root ᴱ√NŌ “become, be born” (QL/66).

rhond

noun. body

A Sindarin word for “body”, cognate of Q. hrondo, appearing as rhonn in Quenya Notes from 1957 (QN: PE17/183) and as rhond or rhonn in notes concerning spirit, also probably from 1957 (NM/237). In the former document, it was derived from the root √SRON, a variant of √RON “solid, tangible, firm” (PE17/183).

Neo-Sindarin: Its Quenya cognate hrondo was replaced by Q. hröa < ✶srawā in notes from 1958-59 (MR/209, 350). However, the Sindarin equivalent of hroa was rhaw, a word that also meant “flesh” along with many other (Neo) Sindarin meanings such as “wild” and “lion”. As such, I would retain rhond as “body” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin; the continued viability of the root √RON is indicated by other words like S. Grond.

Glanduin

noun. border river

gland (“boundary”) + duin (“long and large river”) David Salo: “dh and mh were liable to revert to d and m when they came to follow a nasal after syncope” TolkLang message 19.31.

Glanhír

noun. border river

gland (“boundary”) + sîr (“river”)

rhond

noun. body

n. body. >> rhonn, rhû

rhonn

noun. body

n. body. >> rhond, rhû

nabor

verb. booty

abonnen

afterborn

pl. Ebennin (archaic "Eboennin" = Ebönnin, WJ:387), Elvish name of Men as the "Secondborn" of Eru. – If ab can be used as an independent preposition, it is probably followed by soft mutation.****

cû

noun. bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon

glan(n)

noun. boundary

glandagol

noun. boundary mark

taeg

noun. boundary, limit, boundary line

urug

noun. bogey

onnen

noun. born

cand

adjective. bold

cû

noun. bow

edrain

noun. border

gardh

noun. bounded or defined region

gland

noun. boundary

glandagol

noun. boundary mark

glann

noun. boundary

lunt

noun. boat

nedhu

noun. bolster, cushion

rain

noun. border

taeg

noun. boundary, limit, boundary line

drambor

blow with fist

(i dhrambor) (clenched fist), pl. dramboer (in dramboer). Archaic ✱drambaur (dram + paur).

lobor

horse

lobor, analogical pl. lebyr (VT45:28)

lobor

horse

analogical pl. **lebyr **(VT45:28)

ion(n)

noun. son, son, *boy

The usual word for “son” in Sindarin, derived from the root √YON of similar meaning (MR/373; SD/129; VT50/18; Ety/YŌ). Tolkien gave it as both ion and ionn.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “son” was G. bo or bon (GL/23). This became ᴱN. gó “son” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/144). Tolkien introduced N. ionn “son” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YO(N) of the same meaning (Ety/YŌ), and seems to have stuck with it thereafter.

Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien sometimes glossed its Quenya equivalents yondo or yonyo as “boy” (PE17/190; VT47/10, 27). Since we don’t have any good Sindarin words for “boy”, I’d use ionn for this purpose as well.

fela

noun. mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den, mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den; [N.] cave

A word for “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, but also explained in notes from 1969 as “minor excavations made by wild animals as dens or lairs” (NM/304). It was derived from primitive ✶phelgā (NM/304; PE17/118; Ety/PHÉLEG), and the final a in this word is the result of ancient ʒ (from g) become a when word-final after another consonant.

Abnormal Plural: This word has an abnormal plural form fili (NM/304; Ety/PHÉLEG): see the section on “Final a from ancient g” in the discussion of unusual plurals for more details.

Conceptual Development: This word was tied to the name of Felagund since its introduction in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. fela “cave” was derived from ON. phelga under the root ᴹ√PHELEG of the same meaning, already with the abnormal plural fili noted above (Ety/PHÉLEG). In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, Tolkien again had S. fela from ✶phelgā, but there the gloss was “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]” (PE17/118). In this note Tolkien considered instead S. feleg “cave, mine, underground dwelling” as the basis for the name Felagund, derived instead from √PHELEK (PE17/118).

In a note from 1959, Tolkien gave a completely different etymology of Felagund as a loan word from Khuzdul Felakgundu “Cave Hewer” (PM/352), and this was the etymology Christopher Tolkien gave in The Silmarillion index (SI/Felagund). In a note from 1969, however, Tolkien said instead that Felagund was a nickname meaning “den-dweller” (also used for badgers), and its initial element fela was again derived from ✶phelga or philga (NM/304), with a meaning as follows:

> It was used of minor excavations made by wild animals as dens or lairs, and also as temporary dwellings by wandering folk, Dwarvish or Elvish; it was usually distinguished from the larger caves of geological formation used and extended by stone-workers. It was thus naturally used of the “setts” of badgers (which seem to have existed in great numbers in parts of Beleriand).

In this 1969 note Tolkien again mentioned its abnormal plural fili < ✶phelgai.

Neo-Sindarin: Of the various meanings for this name, I prefer its 1957 sense “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling”; its 1969 use for “den” (and felagund = “badger”) conflicts with the etymology of Felagund’s published in The Silmarillion. For “cave” I would use groth as in Menegroth “Thousand Caves” or feleg as a loan word from Khuzdul, and for “den” I would use torech as in Torech Ungol “Shelob’s Lair”.

rhaw

noun. flesh, body

A Sindarin word appearing in documents from 1959, a melding of primitive ✶srawā “body” and ✶srāwe “flesh”, both based on the root √SRAW (MR/349-350). It reappeared in notes from 1968 with just the gloss “flesh” as a derivative for primitive srā (VT47/12).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would only use rhaw for “flesh” (of a living body), and would retain the 1957 word S. rhond for “body”; see that entry for discussion.

taeglin

place name. *Boundary Singer

A river in Beleriand flowing in the Sirion. It was spelled Teiglin in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/120), but Christopher Tolkien later said that the form should have been Taeglin(d) (WJ/309-310). This name was a combination of taeg “boundary” and lind “singer” (WJ/309), so perhaps meant “✱Boundary Singer”.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared as Ilk. Taiglin (SM/127, LR/260), and in The Etymologies was designated and Ilkorin name with the translation “Deep-pool” (EtyAC/TĀ, Ety/LIN¹). It remained Taiglin in the initial Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/49), but was later revised to Teiglin (WR/223, 228 note §28). Later still Tolkien devised a new form and etymology for this name: Taeglin(d), as noted above.

Christopher Tolkien was unaware of this final form when he was preparing The Silmarillion for publication, which is why he used the form Teiglin. In the Silmarillion Appendix, he made a reference to its earlier, Ilkorin derivation (SA/lin¹). It wasn’t until he was working on The History of Middle-earth series that he discovered his father’s notes on the form Taeglin.

gleina-

verb. to bound, enclose, limit

glân

noun. hem, border

gleina-

verb. to bound, enclose, limit

This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13

glân

noun. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things)

rhaw

noun. flesh, body

rîw

noun. edge, hem, border

urug

noun. "bogey", anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature

sûf

noun. bosom

A neologism for “bosom” coined by Ryszard Derdzinski in PPW (PPW) from the early 2000s, based on Q. súma “hollow cavity, bosom”. Unfortunately, in Sindarin phonology the [[s|final f [v] would vanish after ú]], resulting in sú. I recommend using ᴺS. tith “breast, teat” instead, adopted from Early Noldorin (PE13/154).

cû

bow

1) (noun) cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui), 2) (bow for shooting) peng (i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing),

cûn

bowed

cûn (bowshaped, bent), lenited gûn; pl. cuin

cûn

bowed

(bowshaped, bent), lenited gûn; pl. cuin

cûn

bowshaped

cûn (bowed, bent), lenited gûn; pl. cuin

cûn

bowshaped

(bowed, bent), lenited gûn; pl. cuin

gwaedh

bond

1) (a ”bond” of loyalty) gwaedh (i **waedh) (troth, compact, oath), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh**), 2) _(apparently referring to physical ”bonds”, cf.

pân

board

(fixed board in a floor) pân (i bân, o phân, construct pan) (plank), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. *pân ”all”.

taeg

boundary line

(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).

taeg

boundary line

taeg (i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).

ach

noun. bone

asg

noun. bone; [G.] stone of fruit

asgeb

adjective. bony

colch

noun. box, chest

gleinannen

adjective. bounded, enclosed, limited

gweleth

noun. boil, bubble

ordh

noun. boil, pus

rain

noun. border

rhofelf

noun. body-feeling, [physical] sensation

tolph

noun. bowl, basin

úgethiol

adjective. boring, (lit.) not interesting

bellas

bodily strength

(i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.

bellas

bodily strength

(i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.

bellas

bodily strength

bellas (i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.

beren

bold

1) beren (lenited veren), pl. berin. Also used as masc. name Beren. 2) cand (lenited gand, pl. caind)

beren

bold

(lenited veren), pl. berin. Also used as masc. name Beren.

cand

adjective. bold

cand

bold

(lenited gand, pl. caind)

cû

bow

(i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

dolt

boss

dolt (i dholt) (round knob), pl. dylt

dolt

boss

(i dholt) (round knob), pl. dylt

edrain

border

edrain (no distinct pl. form)

edrain

border

(no distinct pl. form)

gardh

bounded or defined place

(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);

gardh

bounded or defined place

gardh (i **ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh** = i ñerdh).

gardh

bounded or defined place

gardh (i **ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh** = i ñerdh);

gardh

bounded or defined place

(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh =  i ñerdh).

glam

body of orcs

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

gland

boundary

1) gland (i **land, construct glan), pl. glaind (i glaind), coll. pl. glannath, 2) lest (girdle, fence), pl. list**; 3)

gland

boundary

(i ’land, construct glan), pl. glaind (i glaind), coll. pl. glannath

glandagol

boundary marker

glandagol (i **landagol), pl. glendegyl (in glendegyl**)

glandagol

boundary marker

glandagol (i **landagol), pl. glendegyl (in glendegyl**).

glandagol

boundary marker

(i ’landagol), pl. glendegyl (in glendegyl).

glandagol

boundary marker

(i ’landagol), pl. glendegyl (in glendegyl)

glenia

bound

(verb) *glenia- (enclose, limit) (i **lenia, in gleniar**) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)

glenia

bound

(enclose, limit) (i ’lenia, in gleniar) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)

glân

border

glân (i **lân, construct glan) (hem), pl. glain (in glain**) (VT42:8) Note: a homophone means ”white, claer”.

glân

border

(i ’lân, construct glan) (hem), pl. glain (in glain) (VT42:8) Note: a homophone means ”white, claer”.

gwaedh

bond

(i ’waedh)  (troth, compact, oath), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh)

lest

boundary

(girdle, fence), pl. list

lunt

boat

lunt (pl. lynt, coll. pl. lunnath)

lunt

noun. boat

lunt

boat

(pl. lynt, coll. pl. lunnath)

naud

bound

(adj.) naud, pl. noed

naud

bound

pl. noed

nedhu

bolster

*nedhu (pillow), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378, s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath.

nedhu

bolster

(pillow), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378, s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath.

nedhu

noun. bolster, cushion

nogen

noun. boy, lad, urchin; *(orig.) short (of persons)

onnen

born

?onnen (pl. ennin for archaic önnin)

onnen

born

(pl. ennin for archaic önnin)

parf

book

parf (i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath

parf

book

(i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath

peng

bow

(i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing)

pân

board

(i bân, o phân, construct pan) (plank), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. ✱pân ”all”.

rain

border

(noun) rain; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rain). Note: the adj. ”erratic, wandering” is a homophone of rain.

rain

border

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rain). Note: the adj. ”erratic, wandering” is a homophone of rain.

rhaw

body

rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350).

rhaw

body

(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*.

rîw

border

*rîw (construct riw) (hem, edge), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

rîw

border

(construct riw) (hem, edge), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

saeb

noun. boot

taeg

boundary, boundary line

(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg)

taeg

boundary, boundary line

taeg (i daeg, o thaeg) (limit), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg)

taig

boundary

(lenited daig, no distinct pl. form). *This is a hypothetical interpretation of the initial element of the river-name Teiglin, since taig would represent older teig. *

tang

bowstring

tang (i dang), pl. teng (i theng)

tang

bowstring

(i dang), pl. teng (i theng)

tast

noun. border, fringe

ui

both

(adjectival prefix) ui- (two, twi-);

ui

both

(two, twi-);

urug

bogey

urug (monster, orc), pl. yryg

urug

bogey

(monster, orc), pl. yryg

dram

blow

dram (i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);

dram

blow

(i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);

berthas

noun. adventure, bold undertaking

cov-

verb. to bow

gwel-

verb. to boil, bubble (intr.)

irdh

noun. entrails, bowels, innards

ath

on both sides

(across)

eilian

rainbow

(pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).

fân

manifested body of a vala

(veil, cloud), construct fan, pl. fain.

hemp

noun. cord; band, bond

loera-

verb. to stoop, bow, cower; to submit

muda

labour

(verb.) muda- (i vuda, i mudar) (toil), pa.t. mudas

muda

labour

(i vuda, i mudar) (toil), pa.t. mudas

rib

noun. stripe, line; shore; border, fringe

bór

masculine name. *Faithful

Leader of a tribe of Easterlings in Beleriand who were faithful to the Elves and Edain (S/157). His name is simply [N.] bôr “trusty man” used as a name (Ety/BOR). As this name was Sindarin, it was probably not his true name.

Conceptual Development: The name N. Bór first appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, first written as Bor (LR/147, 291). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, it appeared as a derivative of the root ᴹ√BOR alongside N. bôr “steadfast; trusty man, faithful vassal” (Ety/BOR), which is the source of the derivation given above.

dîr

noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix

A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:

> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).

Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.

roch

noun. horse

The usual word for “horse” in Sindarin, a derivative of ✶rokkō (Let/282, 382) and very well attested. There are indications that this word was more specifically a “swift horse” (Let/382; EtyAC/ROK), but in most cases Tolkien used it generically.

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. brog “horse” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/24), though at the time it had no Qenya cognates. ᴱN. brog “horse” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but by The Etymologies of the 1930s it had become N. roch “horse”, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ROK; EtyAC/ROK). Tolkien seems to have mainly stuck with this form thereafter.

amon

hill

pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth

hador

masculine name. Warrior

Leader of the House of Hador, one of the three tribes of the Edain (S/147). In a geneology from 1959, the name seems to be translated “Warrior” in Hador Lorindol “the Warrior Goldenhead”, appearing beneath S. Magor “the Sword” and S. Hathol “the Axe” (WJ/234).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared as N. Hádor and Hador with both long and short a (LR/146). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. hador was translated as “thrower” (Ety/KHAT).

po

on

po (lenited bo) (VT44:23)

po

on

(lenited bo) (VT44:23)

ardh

region

1) ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

balch

cruel

1) balch (lenited malch; pl. belch), 2) baug (tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

baudh

sentence

(juridical) baudh (judgement) (i vaudh), pl. boedh (i moedh)

baudh

sentence

(judgement) (i vaudh), pl. boedh (i moedh)

baudh

judgment

baudh (sentence) (i vaudh), pl. boedh (i moedh)

baudh

judgment

(sentence) (i vaudh), pl. boedh (i moedh)

baug

oppressive

baug (cruel, tyrannous) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

baug

oppressive

(cruel, tyrannous) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

baug

cruel

(tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

baug

tyrannous

baug (cruel, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

baug

tyrannous

(cruel, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

baul

torment

(noun) baul (i maul, o mbaul), pl. boel (i mboel). Also bol- at the beginning of compounds.

baul

torment

(i maul, o mbaul), pl. boel (i mboel). Also bol- at the beginning of compounds.

baur

need

1) baur (i maur, o mbaur), pl. boer (i mboer), 2) thang (compulsion, duress, oppression, tyranny), pl. theng if there is a pl.

baur

need

(i maur, o mbaur), pl. boer (i mboer)

bôr

trusty man

(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

bôr

faithful vassal

bôr (boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (trusty/steadfast man), pl. bŷr for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

bôr

faithful vassal

bôr (boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (trusty/steadfast man), pl. bŷr (i mŷr) for older beryn, i meryn (archaic börin, i mörin). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

bôr

faithful vassal

(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (trusty/steadfast man), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

bôr

trusty man

bôr (boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. bŷr for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

bôr

trusty man

bôr (boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. bŷr (i mŷr) for older beryn, i meryn (archaic börin, i mörin). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

bôr

steadfast man

bôr (boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (trusty man, faithful vassal), pl. bŷr (i mŷr) for older beryn, i meryn (archaic börin, i mörin). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

bôr

steadfast man

bôr (boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (trusty man, faithful vassal), analogical pl. pl. bŷr (i mŷr) for older beryn, i meryn (archaic börin, i mörin). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

bôr

steadfast man

(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (trusty man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* (i m**ŷr) for older beryn, i meryn (archaic börin, i mörin). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were **berein, beren.

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

cû

arch

cû (i gû, o chû) (bow, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

cû

arch

(i gû, o chû) (bow, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

cû

crescent

cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, bow), pl. cui (i chui);

cû

crescent

(i gû, o chû) (arch, bow), pl. cui (i chui);

cûn

bent

cûn (bowed, bowshaped), lenited gûn; pl. cuin

cûn

bent

(bowed, bowshaped), lenited gûn; pl. cuin

daug

warrior

(i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, ✱”torment-warrior”)

daug

soldier

(primarily Orkish soldier) daug (i naug, o ndaug) (warrior), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, *”torment-soldier”). See WARRIOR.

daug

soldier

(i naug, o ndaug) (warrior), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, ✱”torment-soldier”). See

dolt

knob

(round knob) dolt (i dholt) (boss), pl. dylt (i nylt)

dolt

knob

(i dholt) (boss), pl. *dylt*** (i nylt**)

dolt

round knob

dolt (i dholt) (boss), pl. dylt

falas

shore, foaming shore

(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.

falas

line of surf

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****

fela

cave

(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

gardh

region

(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)

glân

hem

1) glân (i **lân, construct glan) (border), pl. glain (in glain**) (VT42:8). Note: a homophone means ”white, clear”. 2) *rîw (construct riw) (edge, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

glân

hem

(i ’lân, construct glan) (border), pl. glain (in glain) (VT42:8). Note: a homophone means ”white, clear”.

grôd

cave

1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

gwaith

region

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwêdh

chain

(i ’wêdh, construct gwedh), pl. gwîdh (in gwîdh), 3) (ditto) nûd (construct nud, pl. nuid). 4) (the ”bond” of friendship) gwend (i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.

him

steadfast

1) him (abiding), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.

him

steadfast

(abiding), lenited chim, no distinct pl. form. Note that homophones include both the adjective ”cool” and the adverb ”continually”.

iâth

fence

(noun) 1) iâth (construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid. 2) lest (girdle, boundary), pl. list, 3) (outer/encircling fence) ephel (pl. ephil), 4) (with spikes and sharp stakes) cail (i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

lest

fence

(girdle, boundary), pl. list

maethor

warrior

1) maethor (i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr), 2) (”thrower” or ”hurler”, i.e. of spears or darts) hadron (i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath. 3) (primarily Orkish warrior) daug (i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, *”torment-warrior”)

or

on

(prep.) 1) or (above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin. 2)

or

on

(above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.

orch

orc

orch (pl. yrch**, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms: 1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i **lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

orch

orc

(pl. yrch, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms:  1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i ’lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

pân

plank

pân (i bân, o phân, construct pan) (fixed board in a floor), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. *pân ”all”.

pân

plank

(i bân, o phân, construct pan) (fixed board in a floor), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. ✱pân ”all”.

rhaw

flesh

rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (body), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)

rhaw

flesh

(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (body), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*

rîw

hem

(construct riw) (edge, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh** rîw). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” **rhîf.

rîw

edge

*rîw (construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

rîw

edge

(construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

tagol

marker

#tagol (i dagol, o thagol), pl. tegyl (i thegyl). Isolated from glandagol ”boundary mark” (VT42:8).

tagol

marker

(i dagol, o thagol), pl. tegyl (i thegyl). Isolated from glandagol ”boundary mark” (VT42:8).

tâd

cardinal. two

1) tâd (in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”), 2) (adjectival prefix) ui- (twi-, both).

tâl

foot

(body-part and unit of measure) tâl (i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.

ui

twi-

(adjectival prefix) ui- (two, both)

ui

two

(twi-, both).

úrui

hot

1) úrui (no distinct pl. form), 2) born (red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

pôd

foot

(of animal) pôd (i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. pŷd (i phŷd).

pôd

foot

(i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. p**ŷd (i ph**ŷd).

ab

preposition. after

cai

noun. hedge

cair

noun. ship

caran

adjective. red

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

gardh

noun. region

hên

noun. child

A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.

Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322). It seems Tolkien himself had similar concerns, as he sometimes rendered its Quenya cognate as sén, which would have Sindarin forms ✱sên “child” and ✱i hîn “the children”. However, Tolkien’s motive was probably a desire to retain the early (originally Adûniac) form Ad. Eruhîn “Children of God”, which in Sindarin otherwise became Eruchîn (LB/354).

iôn

masculine name. Son

A name that Eöl used for his son Maeglin while he was growing, which is simply ion(n) “son” used as a name (WJ/337).

lavan

noun. animal

A word for an “animal” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, where Tolkien said it “usually only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds” (WJ/416). It was derived from the root √LAM in the sense “inarticulate voiced sound”.

Conceptual Development: ᴱN. lafn was mentioned as a cognate to ᴱQ. lama “animal” in the Early Qenya Phonology from the 1920s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶labna (PE14/70).

maud

?. [unglossed]

methed

noun. end

This word is attested in later writings as an element in the names Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” and possibly Methedras “Last Peak” (of the Misty Mountains). The latter name first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as N. Methen Amon and Methendol (TI/404), making it likely that methed is a revision from the earlier adjective N. methen (Ety/MET).

This new form likely changed from an adjective to a noun, since -ed/-ad is usually a gerundal suffix in Sindarin (forming nouns from verbs). This word is clearly a noun in the name Methed-en-Glad, and could also be a noun in Methedras (= “Peak of the End?”).

orch

noun. Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin

perhael

masculine name. Samwise, (lit.) Half-wise

Sindarin name of Samwise (SD/126), literally “Half-wise” (PE17/102), appearing in its lenited form Berhael in the Praises of Cormallen (LotR/953). His name appears to be a combination of per- “half” and the lenited form of sael “wise”.

Conceptual Development: In unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings, this name first appeared as N. Perhail “Halfwise” (SD/118), using an earlier word N. sail “wise” based on Noldorin phonology: see N. [[n|[ai] revised to [ae]]].

rhû

noun. matter

The status of this word is uncertain. This word’s cognate Q. hrón was revised to orma (MR/218) (later >> erma). Its root may also have changed, SRON >> SRAW.

thorn

adjective. steadfast

tâd

cardinal. two

ui-

prefix. twi-

rhîf

noun. brink, brim

únod-

verb. to untie, undo, unloose

ab-

prefix. after, later

(a)moth

noun. fen, marsh

Dúnadan

noun. Man of the west, Númenórean

adan

noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)

adanadar

noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men

adanath

noun. men

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

andaith

noun. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened.

ardhon

noun. great region, province

ardhon

noun. world

bauda-

verb. ban

v. ban, prohibit, refuse.

cai

noun. hedge

cail

noun. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes

cair

noun. ship

caran

adjective. red

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

cerin

noun. mound

cúron

noun. the crescent Moon

cû

noun. arch, crescent

drúadan

noun. wild man, one of the Woses

drû

noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man

In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

erin

preposition. on the

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

feleg

noun. cave

n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.

flâd

noun. skin

flâd

noun. skin

A word for “skin” (or possibly “bark”) appearing only in the name S. Fladrif “Skinbark” (LotR/474).

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

gardh

noun. world

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs

glamog

noun. an Orc, "a yelling one"

glamog

noun. orc

gond

noun. great stone, rock

gond

stone

_n. _stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. >> Gondor

gondren

adjective. (made) of stone

groth

noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation

groth

noun. delving, underground dwelling

hên

noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)

iath

noun. fence

iath

noun. fence

ion

noun. son

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

ion

noun. scion, male descendant

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

iond

noun. son

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

iond

noun. scion, male descendant

For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

ionnath

noun. all the sons

iâth

noun. fence

iâth

noun. fence

iôn

noun. son

lanc

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built)

lavan

noun. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds)

loeg

noun. pool

loeg

noun. pool

lîn

noun. pool

lîr

noun. line, line, [N.] row

madu

?. [unglossed]

medui

adjective. end

adj. end, final, last. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'. m > v after preposition.

mell

adjective. dear

_ adj. _dear, beloved. Q. melda.

methed

noun. end

orch

Orc

pl1. yrch, pl2. orchoth** ** n. Orc. Nand. ūriſ.

orchoth

noun. the Orcs (as a race)

raeg

adjective. crooked, bent, wrong

raen

adjective. crooked

region

noun. holly-tree area

[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]

rhû

matter

n. matter. rhû << rhū. >> rhond, rhonn

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

rond

noun. cave roof

rond

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

roth

noun. cave

n. cave. Q. rondo.

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

rîf

noun. bark

rîf

noun. bark

A word for “bark” (or possibly “skin”) appearing only in the name S. Fladrif “Skinbark” (LotR/474).

Conceptual Development: Earlier “bark” words include G. padhwen “bark” (GL/63) and G. dafros “bark, skin, peel” (GL/29) from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. {daus >>} dâf “bark” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/112), and ᴱN. {gwath “bark” >>} gwadh “bark, skin, peel” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146).

sabar

noun. delved mine

The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA "dig, excavate" (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien re-used this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar

sador

noun. faithful one

Sador was Túrin's faithful servant. The meaning of this noun is deduced from sadron , assuming that these words are in the same kind of relation as hador and hadron

sadron

noun. faithful one

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sennas

noun. guesthouse

tad

cardinal. two

tagol

noun. post, mark

taith

noun. mark

talath

noun. flat surface, plane

talath

noun. flat land, plain, (wide) valley

thorn

adjective. steadfast

adj. steadfast. Q. thorna, sorna. >> Arathorn

tâd

cardinal. two

urug

noun. Orc (rarely used)

urui

noun/adjective. hot

urui

noun/adjective. the month of august

ab

after

#ab (only attested as a prefix, as in:)

ab

after

(only attested as a prefix, as in:)

ad

back

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

back

also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

adab

house

(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.

adan

man

(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

adel

behind

(adv. and prep) adel; as prep. probably followed by soft mutation.

adel

behind

; as prep. probably followed by soft mutation.

ael

pool

1) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)

ael

pool

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

amon

hill

1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)

andrann

age

andrann (cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.

andrann

age

(cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.

ar

outside

(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)

ar

outside

(without)

aran

king of a region

(pl. erain)

ardh

region

(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

balch

cruel

(lenited malch; pl. belch)

band

band

From Common Eldarin/Primitive Quendian banda ("prison, Hell"), from root BAD.

basta-

verb. to bake

bauch

noun. price, cost

bertha

dare

(i vertha, i merthar)

brass

white heat

(i vrass, construct bras), pl. brais (i mrais) if there is a pl.

brassen

white-hot

(lenited vrassen, pl. bressin)

brenia

endure

1) brenia- (i vrenia, i mreniar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, last) (VT45:8) LONG ENDURED, see brûn under OLD

brenia

endure

(i vrenia, i mreniar)

brûn

long endured

under

byr

vassal

). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr), coll. pl. býrath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.

bâr

house

bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

house

(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bŷr

vassal

*bŷr (follower) (i vŷr, construct byr). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr), coll. pl. býrath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.

caew

resting place

(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).

cai

hedge

cai (i gai, o chai), pl. cî (i chî);

cai

hedge

(i gai, o chai), pl. cî (i chî);

cail

fence

(i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

cair

ship

cair (in compounds cír-) (i gair, o chair), pl. cîr, i chîr; coll. pl. ciriath.

cair

ship

(in compounds cír-) (i gair, o chair), pl. cîr, i chîr; coll. pl. ciriath.

car

house

(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)

car

house

or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.

caraes

hedge of spikes

(i garaes, o charaes). No distinct pl. form except with article (i charaes).

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

cerin

circular enclosure

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular raised mound), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

cirion

shipman

(i girion) (sailor), pl. ciryn (i chiryn), coll. pl. cirionnath.

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

curunír

man of craft

(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.

círdan

shipbuilder, shipwright

(i gírdan, o chírdan) (shipwright), pl. círdain (i chírdain).

cîl

pass between hills

(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.

cúron

crescent moon

(i gúron, o chúron), pl. cúroen (i churoen). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” cúran; compare the Sindarin month-names in -ron.

daen

corpse

daen (i naen, o ndaen), same in pl. except with article (i ndaen)

daen

corpse

(i naen, o ndaen), same in pl. except with article (i ndaen)

dan

back

(prep.) dan (lenited nan) (again, against);

dan

back

(lenited nan) (again, against);

dartha

endure

(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, last) (VT45:8)  

dîr

man

1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

dîr

man

(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.

dôl

hill

(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).

dôr

region

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)

dúnadan

man of the west

(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).

ephel

fence

(pl. ephil)

eruchen

children of the one

)

eth

adverb/adjective. outside

falathren

of the shore

(pl. felethrin)

faur

shore

(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

firion

mortal man

(pl. firyn).

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gilwen

region of stars

(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).

glamhoth

host of tumult

(a term for Orcs, also translated ”Yelling-horde”). (UT:54, MR:109, 195;

gobel

village

(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.

gond

stone

(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

gondrath

street of stone

(i ’ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340)

gondren

made of stone, stony

(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270).

gonhir

master of stone

(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

groth

cave

(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)

grôd

cave

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

gôn

stone

(i ’ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #gonath as in Argonath.

habad

shore

(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).

hadron

warrior

(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath.

hên

child

hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)

hên

child

(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)

ingem

suffering from old age

(pl. ingim), literally ”year-sick”

iond

wj

pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath.

iâd

noun. fence

iâth

fence

(construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid.

iôn

descendant

iôn (-ion) (son), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #ionath_ isolated from Hurinionath (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin.(MR:373, WJ.337, PM:202-3, 218)_

iôn

descendant

(-ion) (son), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #*ionath*** isolated from Hurinionath* (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin.(MR:373*

iôn

son

iôn (-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #ionath_ isolated from Hurinionath (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373, WJ.337, PM:202-203, 218) _Also iond, pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath. DARK SON, see DARK ELF

iôn

son

(-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #*ionath*** isolated from Hurinionath* (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373*

lanc

sudden end

(sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.

lanc

sharp edge

(sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

lanc

brink

1) lanc (sharp edge, sudden end), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”. 2) rhîf (brim), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. rhívath (VT46:11)

lanc

brink

(sharp edge, sudden end), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

land

open space

(construct lan, pl. laind) (level), also used as adjective ”wide, plain”.

lavan

animal

(quadrupedal mammal) lavan, pl. levain (WJ:416)

lavan

animal

pl. levain (WJ:416)

loeg

pool

loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

loeg

pool

(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

lâd

lowland

(valley, plain), construct lad, pl. laid

lîn

pool

lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîn

pool

(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîr

line

1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) tê (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) tî (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.

lîr

line

(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.

lô

fenland

lô (shallow lake), pl. lŷ

lô

fenland

lô (shallow lake), pl. lŷ;

lô

fenland

(shallow lake), pl. lŷ

maethor

warrior

(i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr)

mail

dear

mail (lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)

mail

dear

(lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)

manadh

final end

(i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh).

meth

end

(noun) 1) meth (i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”. 2) (rear, hindmost part) tele (i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES). 3) ( maybe primarily ”last point in line; last of a series of items”) #methed (i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

meth

end

(i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”.

methed

end

(i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

methen

end

(adj.) methen (lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

methen

end

(lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nordh

cord

nordh (pl. nyrdh)

nordh

cord

(pl. nyrdh)

noss

house

(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

noss

house

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)

nost

house

(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)

nothlir

family line

(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

nothrim

house

(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

nên

waterland

(water, lake, pool, stream), construct nen, pl. nîn;

olf

branch

olf (wand), pl. ylf, coll. pl. olvath

olf

branch

(wand), pl. ylf, coll. pl. olvath

othronn

fortress in a cave/caves

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).

palath

surface

1) palath (i balath, o phalath), pl. pelaith (i phelaith). 2) (flat surface) talath (i dalath, o thalath) (plane, flatlands, plain, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath_, LR:353 s.v.

palath

surface

(i balath, o phalath), pl. pelaith (i phelaith).

pathu

level place

(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in

pêl

fence, fenced field

(i bêl, construct pel) (enclosure, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380)

pêl

enclosure

pêl (i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root __, LR:380).

pêl

enclosure

(i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380).

raen

crooked

raen (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”netted, enlaced”.

raen

adjective. crooked

raen

crooked

(no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”netted, enlaced”.

rhaen

adjective. crooked

rhast

shore

(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).

rhavan

wild man

(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

rhîf

brink

(brim), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. rhívath (VT46:11)

rhûd

artificial cave

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*

rhûd

mine

*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365).

rhûd

mine

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*.

roch

horse

(swift horse for riding) roch, pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)

roch

horse

pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)

rond

cave

(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath

roth

cave

(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)

rîw

noun. brink, brim

sabar

mine

1) (delved mine) #sabar (i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root _

sabar

mine

(i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root SAPA ”dig, excavate” (QL:82) suggests that this -habar is a lenited form of ✱sabar. If the unlenited form is actually ✱habar, read: habar (i chabar, o chabar), pl. hebair (i chebair).

sant

privately owned place

(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

sarn

stone

1) (small stone, or stone as material) sarn (i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”. 2) gôn (i **ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #**gonath as in Argonath. 3) (larger stone) gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

sarn

stone

(i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”.

sarn

made of stone, stony

(lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.

sennas

guesthouse

(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)

sâd

place

sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

sâd

place

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)  

tad-dal

two-legged

(lenited dad-dal), pl. tad-dail.

taith

mark

(noun) taith (i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.

taith

mark

(i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.

talaf

ground

talaf (i dalaf, o thalaf) (floor), pl. telaif (i thelaif); coll. pl. talavath. The ”Noldorin” plural form listed in LR:390 s.v.

talaf

ground

(i dalaf, o thalaf) (floor), pl. telaif (i thelaif); coll. pl. talavath. The ”Noldorin” plural form listed in LR:390 s.v.

talath

surface

(i dalath, o thalath) (plane, flatlands, plain, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the *Silmarillion.

tele

end

(i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).

telluin

sole of the foot

(i delluin, o thelluin), pl. tellyn (i thellyn). *Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” telloein, tellen (LR:384 s.v. *

thafn

post

(= wooden pillar) thafn, pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

thafn

post

pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

thala

stalwart

1) thala (steady, firm), pl. ?theili; 2) tolog (lenited dolog; pl. telyg for archaic tölyg) (trusty)

thala

stalwart

(steady, firm), pl. ?theili

thalion

dauntless man

(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”. 

thalion

steadfast

thalion (dauntless, strong), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thalion

steadfast

(dauntless, strong), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thang

need

(compulsion, duress, oppression, tyranny), pl. theng if there is a pl.

thangail

shield fence

(shield wall). No distinct pl. form? (UT:281)

thora

fence

(verb) *thora- (the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

thora

fence

(the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

tilias

line of peaks

(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.

tolog

stalwart

(lenited dolog; pl. telyg for archaic tölyg) (trusty)

tuilinn

swallow

(etymologically ”spring-singer”) *tuilinn (i duilinn, o thuilinn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thuilinn). Form normalized from tuilind in source; the latter would be an archaic form.

tuilinn

swallow

(i duilinn, o thuilinn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thuilinn). Form normalized from tuilind in source; the latter would be an archaic form.

tund

hill

(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

tâd

two

(in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”)

tâl

foot

(i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.

tê

line

(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath

tî

line

(i** dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.

tû

strength

(physical strength) tû (i dû, o thû) (muscle, sinew; vigour), pl. tui (i thui), coll. pl. túath.

tû

strength

(i dû, o thû) (muscle, sinew; vigour), pl. t**ui  (i thui), coll. pl. túath**.

ui

always

ui (ever); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”.

ui

always

(ever); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”.

uilos

always snow-white

(name of Mount Taniquetil, or Oiolossë)

úrui

hot

(no distinct pl. form)

ûr

heat

(fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

ýl-

verb. to drink