north

noun. a riding

_n. _a riding, a race (of people running), a charge or gallop. Tolkien notes the "curious accidental approach of words for race with sense kindred". >> northa-

north

noun. riding, race (of people running), charge or gallop

A noun for “a riding, a race (of people running), a charge or gallop” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s based on the root √NOR “run” (PE17/168-9). As such it seems to describe any sustained run of people or animals.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {drond >>} dronn “race, course, track” (GL/31), likely also based on the early root ᴱ√NORO “run, ride, spin” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Nornorë).

for-

prefix. north

A prefix for “north” (PE17/18) clearly based on the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (Ety/PHOR).

forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

An adjective for “north” based on the prefix for- (SA/formen; PE17/18). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it had the gloss “right or north” under the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (Ety/PHOR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of North-Sindarin I would use this adjective only for “north”, and for “right (hand)” I would use S. fuir; see that entry for discussion.

forod

noun. north

The Sindarin word for “north” derived from primitive ᴹ✶phoroti based on the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (LotR/1123; PE17/18; Ety/PHOR). It was the “right-hand direction” since the Elves reckoned their directions while facing west, so that “north” was to the right (LotR/1123). It can also be used for “the North” as a region, but Sindarin would do so without a definite article: mi Forod “in [the] North” (PE23/133).

fuir

adjective. north

A word appearing in the name Eryn Fuir “North Wood” in notes from the late 1960s that were ultimately struck through (VT42/20). David Salo suggested it was likely derived from ✱phorya (GS/255). If so, it would be a later version of N. fœir >> feir “right (hand)” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, which was the equivalent of ᴹQ. forya under the root ᴹ√PHOR of similar meaning (Ety/PHOR).

These differences between the Noldorin and Sindarin forms were due to varying phonetic developments in the 1930s vs. the 1950s-60s; see the entry on how *œi* became *ui* in Sindarin for more details.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use ᴺS. fuir in its 1930s sense “right (hand)”, since we have plenty of other words for “north”.

forod

noun. north

fuir

adjective. north

forodwaith

place name. North-region, Northmen

Name of the northern region of Middle-earth or the ancient people who lived there (UT/14, LotR/1041), translated “North-region” or “Northmen” (Let/224, Ety/WEG). It is a combination of forod “north” and gwaith “people, region” (Ety/PHOR, WEG).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Forodwaith appeared in the earliest Lost Tales as a name for the “Men of the North” or Vikings (LT2/313), replacing earlier G. Gwasgonin “Winged Helms” (LT2/334). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, it appeared as both N. Forodwaith and N. Forodweith, reflecting Tolkien’s vacillation on the development of the diphthong [ai]; by this stage it already had the dual meaning given above (Ety/WEG, PHOR).

arthor na forlonnas

place name. Realm of the North-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Arnor (PE17/28). It is a combination of arthor “realm”, the preposition na(n) “of” and its shorter name Forlonnas “North-harbourage”.

cirith forn en andrath

place name. High-Climbing Pass of the North

Sindarin name of the High Pass over the Misty Mountains that Bilbo and the Dwarves followed on their Quest to Erebor (UT/271, 278 note #4). This name is a combination of cirith “cleft, pass”, forn “north”, en “of the” and Andrath “Long Climb”.

forfalas

place name. North Falas

A name for the northern part of Falas on the later Silmarillion map revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/186), a combination of the prefixal form for- of forn “north” and falas “shore”.

forlindon

place name. Lindon north of the Gulf of Lune

A name for the northern part of Lindon (PM/313), a combination of that name with the prefixal form for- of forn “north”.

Conceptual Development: The name N. Forlindon appeared on the draft maps for Lord of the Rings from the 1940s (TI/302).

forlond

place name. North Haven

A name for the “North Haven” of Lindon (LotR/1050), a combination of the prefixal form for- of forn “north” and lond “haven”.

Conceptual Development: On the draft maps for Lord of the Rings from the 1940s, this name appeared as N. Forlorn, with a final (lenited) element of N. lhorn “haven” instead of lond (TI/301).

forlonnas

place name. North-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Arnor (PE17/28), a compound of the prefixal form for- of forn “north” and lonnas “harbourage”.

Arthor na Forlonnas

'Realm of the North-harbourage'

topon. 'Realm of the North-harbourage', another name of Arnor that soon fell out of general colloquial use. Shorter form Forlonnas. Q. Turmen Follondiéva. >> Arnor, Arthor na Challonas, Forlonnas

Dorlomin

a name in a dialect of the North

topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Dorloven.

Forlonnas

' North-harbourage'

topon. '(Realm of the) North-harbourage', another name of Arnor that soon fell out of general colloquial use. Shorter form of Arthor naForlonnas. Q. Forolondie, Follondie. >> Arnor, Arthor na Forlonnas

Fornost Erain

noun. North(ern) fortress of the kings

forn (“right, north”) + ost (“fortress, stronghold”), erain (pl. of aran “king”)

Góndolind

a name in a dialect of the North

topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Gonnólen. Maybe acute accent in the two names was only used in order to mark pronunciation.

Hithlum

a name in a dialect of the North

topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Hilthlû.

Losshoth

noun. people living in far North

_ pl2. n. _people living in far North. >> los, loss

eryn fuir

place name. North Wood

The original Sindarin name of Roh. Firien woods, appearing in a deleted section of Tolkien’s essay on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor (VT42/20). The name is translated “North Wood”, a combination of eryn “woods” and fuir “north”.

forn

noun. the North

_n. _the North. Q. formen. >> for

fornarthan

place name. North Beacon

An older Sindarin name for Halifirien, translated “North Beacon” (VT42/20). The first element is clearly the prefixal form for- of forn “north”, so the second element is likely narthan “beacon”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT42/30, note #47).

forn

noun. right, north

mi forod

in [the] North

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forodwaith

northmen, north-folk

(UT:14)

fuir

adjective. [N.] right (hand); north