naxa

adjective. evil

naxa

noun/adjective. evil

Element in

• Q. carë mára quí tyarë naxa “doing good may cause evil” ✧ PE22/154

Variations

• naxa ✧ PE22/154

ulco

evil

ulco (stem #ulcu-) noun "evil", pl. *ulqui (VT43:23-24; the stem-form is attested in the ablative case: ulcullo "from evil", VT43:12)

ulco

noun. evil

Derivations

• √UK “nasty”

Element in

• Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/24; VT43/23
• ᴺQ. ulculóra “without evil”

úmëa

evil

úmëa (2) adj. "evil" (UGU/UMU). Obsoleted by #1 above? Possibly connected to úmëai in Narqelion, if that is a "Qenya" plural form.

úro

evil

úro noun "evil" (VT43:24); Tolkien may have abandoned this form in favour of ulco, q.v.

úra

evil, nasty

úra (1) adj. "evil, nasty" (VT43:24, VT48:32)

hrú(y)a

adjective. evil, wicked

Cognates

• S. rhû “evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170

Derivations

• √SRUG “*evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170

Element in

• Q. hru- “evil-” ✧ PE17/170

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√S-RŪGU > hrúa	[srūga] > [r̥ūɣa] > [r̥ūga] > [r̥ūa]	✧ PE17/170

Variations

• hrúa ✧ PE17/170
• hrúya ✧ PE17/170

naicea

adjective. cruel

nwalca

cruel

nwalca ("k")adj. "cruel" (ÑGWAL; this must represent earlier *ñwalca = *ngwalca; these forms are not given in Etym, but compare nwalmë_ below. In Tengwar writing, the initial NW would be represented by the letter nwalmë.)_

úro

noun. *evil, nastiness

Element in

• Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/24

Elements

Word	Gloss
úra	“nasty”

olca

evil, bad, wicked

olca adj. "evil, bad, wicked" (VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14, PE17:149). The root meaning implies "wickedness as well as badness or lack of worth" (PE17:170). Variant of ulca.

ulca

evil, bad, wicked, wrong

ulca adj. "evil, bad, wicked, wrong" (QL:97, VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14; compounded in henulca "evileyed", SD:68); variant olca, q.v. Compare noun ulco. The adj. ulca may also itself be used as a noun "evil", as in the ablative form ulcallo "from evil" (VT43:8, 10) and the sentence cé mo quetë ulca *"if one speaks evil" (VT49:19).

morĭ

adjective. dark

PQ. dark

ulca

adjective. dark

dark, gloomy, sinister

ulca

adjective. evil; dark, gloomy, sinister, evil; dark, gloomy, sinister; [ᴱQ.] bad, wicked, wrong

This is one of two later words Tolkien consider for “evil”; the other is Q. olca < √OKO. Of the two, ulca has the longer conceptual history, dating back to early Quenya (QL/97). Both words have the same Sindarin cognate, S. ogol.

Ulca has two attested late derivations. One is from the root √UK (PE17/149), listed as a possible replacement of √OKO, but Tolkien marked this derivation as uncertain. Another derivation is ✶ū “not” + KAL “light” = ✶uk’la “gloom, gloomy” (PE18/88), an example of abnormal vocalization. If this second derivation is accepted, ulca could have later developed the senses “sinister, evil” either due to the “bad” connotations of Q. ú- or perhaps by influence of Q. olca. If so, it may have even supplanted olca as the general word for “evil” as it appears to have done in Tolkien’s later writings.

Cognates

• S. ogol “bad, evil, wrong; gloom(y)” ✧ PE17/149; PE18/088

Derivations

• ✶ulka ✧ PE17/149; VT48/32
  • √UK “nasty” ✧ VT48/32
• ✶uklā “gloom, gloomy” ✧ PE18/088; VT43/24

Element in

• Q. cé mo quetë ulca “*if one speaks evil” ✧ VT49/19
• Q. epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen “consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations” ✧ VT49/14
• ᴹQ. henulca “*evil-eyed”
• Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/23
• ᴺQ. ulcarindo “evil-doer”
• ᴺQ. ulquet- “to accuse”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶UKLA > ulca	[ukla] > [ulka]	✧ PE17/149
✶ū̆k’la > ulka	[ukla] > [ulka]	✧ PE18/088
✶ū̆k’lā > ulka	[uklā] > [ulkā] > [ulka]	✧ VT43/24
✶ukla > ulca	[ukla] > [ulka]	✧ VT48/32

Variations

• ulka ✧ PE18/088; VT43/24

úmara

adjective. bad, ill-used, evil, sinister

Element in

• Q. epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen “consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations” ✧ VT49/15
• Q. úmárë “not good = evil”

lóna

dark

?lóna (4) adj. "dark" (DO3/DŌ). If this is to be the cognate of "Noldorin"/Sindarin dûr, as the context seems to indicate, lóna is likely a misreading for *lóra in Tolkien's manuscript.

lúna

dark

lúna adj. *"dark" in Lúnaturco and Taras Lúna, Quenya names of Barad-dûr (Dark Tower). (PE17:22). In the Etymologies, lúnë "blue" was changed by Tolkien from lúna (VT45:29).

mori-

dark, black

mori- "dark, black" in a number of compounds (independent form morë, q.v.):Morimando "Dark Mando" = Mandos (MBAD, VT45:33), morimaitë "black-handed" (LotR3:VI ch. 6, VT49:42). Moriquendi "Dark Elves" (SA:mor, WJ:361, 373), Moringotto "Black Foe", Sindarin Morgoth, later name of Melkor. The oldest form is said to have been Moriñgotho (MR:194). In late material, Tolkien is seen to consider both Moringotto and Moricotto _("k") _as the Quenya form of the name Morgoth (VT49:24-25; Moricotto also appears in the ablative, Moricottollo). Morion "the dark one", a title of Morgoth (FS). Morifinwë "dark Finwë", masc. name; he was called Caranthir in Sindarin (short Quenya name Moryo). (PM:353) In the name Morinehtar, translated "Darkness-slayer", the initial element is defined would thus seem to signify "darkness" rather than "dark" as an adjective (see mórë). (PM:384, 385)

móri

dark

móri adj. "dark" (MC:221; this is "Qenya"; in Tolkien's later Quenya mórë, morë)

nulla

dark, dusky, obscure

nulla adj. "dark, dusky, obscure" (NDUL), "secret" (DUL). See also VT45:11.

núla

dark, occult, mysterious

núla ("ñ")adj. "dark, occult, mysterious" (PE17:125)

hróva

dark, dark brown

hróva adj. "dark, dark brown", used to refer to hair (PE17:154)

lúrëa

dark, overcast

lúrëa adj. "dark, overcast" (LT1:259)

sára

bitter

sára (1) adj. "bitter" (SAG)

morna

dark, black

morna adj. "dark, black" (Letters:282, LT1:261; also used of black hair, PE17:154), or "gloomy, sombre" (MOR). Used as noun in the phrase mi…morna of someone clad "in…black" (PE17:71). In tumbalemorna (Letters:282), q.v. Pl. mornë in Markirya**(the first version of this poem had "green rocks", MC:215, changed to ondolisse mornë** "upon dark rocks" in the final version; see MC:220, note 8).

saura

adjective. cruel, evil, vile; stinking, foul; bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched, stinking, foul, [ᴹQ.] evil-smelling, putrid; [Q.] cruel, evil, vile; [Q.] bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched

Changes

• saura → Saura “foul, vile” ✧ PE17/184

Cognates

• S. thaur “abominable, horrible” ✧ PE17/172
• S. saur “bad (of food), putrid” ✧ PE17/183

Derivations

• √THAW “cruel; stink” ✧ PE17/068; PE17/184
  • √THOW “stink” ✧ PE17/068
• √SAW “disgusting, foul, vile; bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched” ✧ PE17/172; PE17/183

Element in

• Q. saucarya “evil-doing” ✧ PE17/068
• Q. Sauron “Abhorred” ✧ PE17/068; PE17/183
• ᴺQ. sauroryat “skunk, (lit.) stink-badger”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ÞAW > saura	[tʰaura] > [θaura] > [saura]	✧ PE17/068
√SAWA > saura	[saura]	✧ PE17/172
√SAWA > saura	[saura]	✧ PE17/183
√THAW > Saura	[tʰaura] > [θaura] > [saura]	✧ PE17/184

Variations

• Saura ✧ PE17/184

ú-

prefix. bad, uneasy, hard

urra

adjective. bad

Changes

• unca → urra “bad” ✧ PE22/168

Derivations

• √UG “dislike”

Element in

• Q. umbë nin i hríve nauva urra (si loa) “I have a feeling that winter will be bad (this year)” ✧ PE22/168

Variations

• unca ✧ PE22/168 (unca)

urra

adjective. nasty, bad

úra

adjective. nasty

Changes

• úra → úro “*evil” ✧ VT43/24

Derivations

• √UG “dislike” ✧ VT43/24

Element in

• Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/24
• Q. úro “*evil, nastiness”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√UG > úra	[ugra] > [uɣra] > [ūra]	✧ VT43/24

Variations

• úra ✧ VT43/24 (úra); VT43/24

rhû

evil

adj. evil, wicked. Q. hruo. >> Rhudaur

rhû

evil

_ adj. _evil, wicked. Q. hrúa, hrúya. >> rhu-, Rhudaur

ogol

adjective. wicked, evil

rhû

noun/adjective. evil, wicked

Cognates

• Q. hruo “*wickedness” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. hrú(y)a “evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170

Derivations

• √SRUG “*evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/115; PE17/170

Element in

• S. rhu- “evil-” ✧ PE17/170
• S. Rhudaur “?East Forest” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√srugu > rhû	[srugu] > [r̥ugu] > [r̥uɣu] > [r̥ū]	✧ PE17/115

Variations

• rhû ✧ PE17/115; PE17/115; PE17/170

oer

adjective. nasty

oer

adjective. nasty

Derivations

• ✶ugrā “nasty” ✧ PE22/160
  • √UG “dislike” ✧ PE22/160

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ugrā > ogra > oer	[ugrā] > [ugra] > [ogra] > [oɣra] > [oira] > [oir] > [oer]	✧ PE22/160

ogol

bad

_ adj. _bad, evil, wrong. Q. olca bad, wicked. oklā << ōklā. >> oew, ogron

ogol

adjective. bad, evil, wrong; gloom(y)

Cognates

• Q. olca “bad, wicked” ✧ PE17/149; PE17/170; VT48/32
• Q. ulca “evil; dark, gloomy, sinister, evil; dark, gloomy, sinister; [ᴱQ.] bad, wicked, wrong” ✧ PE17/149; PE18/088

Derivations

• √OKO “evil, wicked, bad” ✧ PE17/149; VT48/32
• ✶ulka ✧ PE17/149
  • √UK “nasty” ✧ VT48/32
• ✶oklā “bad, wicked” ✧ PE17/170
  • √OKO “evil, wicked, bad” ✧ PE17/170; VT43/24
• ✶uklā “gloom, gloomy” ✧ PE18/088

Element in

• ᴺS. oglas “wickedness, *evil”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√OKO > ogol	[okla] > [okl] > [ogl] > [ogol]	✧ PE17/149
✶UKLA > ogl	[ukla] > [ukla] > [okl] > [ogl] > [ogol]	✧ PE17/149
✶oklā > ogol	[oklā] > [okla] > [okl] > [ogl] > [ogol]	✧ PE17/170
✶ū̆k’la > ogl > ogol	[ukla] > [ukla] > [okl] > [ogl] > [ogol]	✧ PE18/088

Variations

• ogl ✧ PE17/149

ogarol

wicked

_ adj. _wicked, doing wrong. rhugarol << ogarol. >> ogol, ogron, rhugarol. This gloss was rejected.

rhugarol

adjective. wicked

_ adj. _wicked, doing wrong. rhugarol << ogarol. >> rhugar

úgarth

noun. bad deed, sin, trespass

dûr

adjective. dark, sombre

dúath

adjective. dark

_ adj. _dark, black shadow.

dúath

dark shadow

(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);

dûr

dark

dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir

dûr

dark

_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.

dûr

dark

(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir

graw

dark

graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)

graw

dark

(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)

morn

dark

morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)

morn

dark

(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)

môr

dark

môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also

môr

dark

(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also

thu

bad

_adj. _bad. >> thugar. This gloss was rejected.

um

bad

um (evil), pl. ym. David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. (According to VT46:20, it may be that um is intended as a base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word.)

um

bad

(evil), pl. ym. David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. *(According to VT46:20, it may be that um is intended as a base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word.)*

ogol

evil

1) ogol (wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32), 2) possibly also um (bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

ogol

evil

(wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32)

um

evil

(bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

ummas

noun. evil

Derivations

• ᴹ√UMU “negative stems”
  • ᴹ√GŪ “no, not” ✧ Ety/UGU; Ety/GŪ

um

adjective. bad, evil

Cognates

• ᴹQ. úmea “evil”

úmarth

evil fate

(pl. úmerth).

balch

cruel

1) balch (lenited malch; pl. belch), 2) baug (tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

balch

cruel

(lenited malch; pl. belch)

baug

cruel

(tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg

helch

bitterly cold

(lenited chelch; pl. hilch)

oglas

noun. wickedness, *evil

Elements

Word	Gloss
ogol	“bad, evil, wrong; gloom(y)”

úgarth

sin

*úgarth (ill deed), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úgarth

sin

(ill deed), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

graurim

dark people

(VT45:16);

doll

dark

doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.

doll

dark

(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.

faeg

bad

*faeg (poor, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)

faeg

bad

(poor, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)

ogol

wicked

ogol (evil), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32)

saer

bitter

saer (lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).

saer

bitter

(lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).

guldur

dark sorcery

(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)

búrz

adjective. dark

búrz

adjective. dark

Element in

• Bs. burzum “darkness” ✧ PE17/011; PE17/012
• Bs. Lugbúrz “Dark Tower” ✧ PE17/012; PE17/079

Variations

• burz ✧ PE17/012

srug

root. *evil, wicked

An unglossed root appearing in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 with derivatives like Q. hrú(y)a and S. rhû “evil, wicked” serving to explain the name S. Rhudaur = “✱Evil Forest” (PE17/170).

Changes

• khrōgo → khru ✧ PE17/115
• khru → srugu ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

• Q. hruo “*wickedness” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. hrú(y)a “evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170
• S. rhû “evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/115; PE17/170

Variations

• srugu ✧ PE17/115
• khrōgo ✧ PE17/115 (khrōgo)
• khru ✧ PE17/115 (khru)
• SRUGU ✧ PE17/170; PE17/185
• S-RŪGU ✧ PE17/170; PE17/185

oko

root. evil, wicked, bad

Derivatives

• ✶oklā “bad, wicked” ✧ PE17/170; VT43/24
  • Q. olca “bad, wicked” ✧ PE17/170; VT43/24
  • S. ogol “bad, evil, wrong; gloom(y)” ✧ PE17/170
• ✶okma “an evil deed” ✧ PE17/170
  • Q. ongwë “crime” ✧ PE17/170
  • S. oew “an evil deed” ✧ PE17/170
• Q. olca “bad, wicked” ✧ PE17/149; VT48/32
• S. ogol “bad, evil, wrong; gloom(y)” ✧ PE17/149; VT48/32
• S. ogron “wicked or evil person” ✧ PE17/170

Variations

• oko ✧ VT43/24; VT48/32

dom

root. dark, dark, [ᴹ√] faint, dim

This root was the basis for the main Elvish words for “dusk, night”, which was established as Q. lómë in Quenya for most of Tolkien’s life. The earliest form of this root was ᴱ√LOMO in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, unglossed but with various derivatives having to do with “dusk” and “shadow” (QL/55). One notable derivative was ᴱQ. lóme “dusk, gloom, darkness”, which survived in Tolkien’s later writings as “night” and in the 1910s was the basis for ᴱQ. Hisilóme/G. Hithlum “Shadowy Twilights”. Another notable derivative was G. lómin “shady, shadowy, gloomy; gloom(iness)” (GL/45) used in the name G. Dor Lómin, which in the 1910s was translated as “Land of Shadow” (LT1/112).

The “shadow” meaning of this early root seems to have transferred to ᴹ√LUM from The Etymologies of the 1930s, which served as the new basis for N. Hithlum (Ety/LUM), as opposed contemporaneous N. Dor-lómen which was redefined as “Land of Echoes (< ᴹ√LAM via Ilkorin or in later writings, via North Sindarin). The “dusk” sense was transferred to a new root ᴹ√DOM “faint, dim”, which (along with ᴹ√DOƷ) was the basis for the pair words ᴹQ. lóme/N. dû “night” (Ety/DOMO).

These two words for “night” survived in Tolkien’s later writing in both Quenya and Sindarin (Let/308; SA/dú). In notes from the 1940s Tolkien clarified that it “has no evil connotations; it is a word of peace and beauty and has none of the associations of fear or groping that, say, ‘dark’ has for us” (SD/306). The Elves were quite comfortable being under the night sky, dating back to the time when the Elves lived under the stars before the rising of the Sun and the Moon. The root √DOM reappeared in etymologies for star-words from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/152). It appeared again in some very late notes from 1969 where it was glossed “dark” and served as the basis for words meaning “blind” as well as “night”, though this paragraph was rejected (PE22/153, note #50).

Derivatives

• ✶dōmē “night, twilight” ✧ PE17/152
  • Q. lómë “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú
  • S. dû “night, dimness; dim, dark, night, dimness; [N.] night-fall, late evening; [S.] dim, dark” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú
• ᴺQ. lomba “blind”
• Q. lomba “blind” ✧ PE22/153
• Q. lómë “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud” ✧ PE22/153
• ᴺS. dom “blind”
• S. dom “blind” ✧ PE22/153

du Reconstructed

root. dark

Derivatives

• ✶durnu “dark of hue”
  • ᴺQ. nurno “dark, deep (of hue)”
• Q. lúmë “darkness”
• Q. lúna “*dark”

mornā

adjective. dark

Derivations

• √MOR “black, dark, darkness” ✧ Let/382

Derivatives

• Q. morna “black, dark; black of hair, black, dark; black of hair; [ᴹQ.] sombre, gloomy” ✧ Let/382
• S. morn “black, dark; night” ✧ Let/382; WJ/362

ugrā

adjective. nasty

Derivations

• √UG “dislike” ✧ PE22/160

Derivatives

• Q. úra “torrid, sultry, unpleasantly hot” ✧ PE22/160
• S. oer “nasty” ✧ PE22/160

uk

root. nasty

The root √OKO was mentioned a couple times in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 with glosses like “wicked, evil” and “evil, bad” serving as the basis for Q. olca/S. ogol “bad, wicked, evil” along with similar words (PE14/149, 170). In other notes from this period Tolkien said √OKO “evil” influenced the meaning of the Sindarin root √AK “hostile return” (PE17/167). In one of these 1959 notes, Tolkien wrote UK, UKLA below OKO with derivatives Q. ulca and S. ogl, all unglossed (PE17/149); Q. ulca was the word Tolkien used most frequently for “evil” in Quenya. In notes from 1968, Tolkien mentioned √UK “nasty” in passing, without giving any derivatives (VT48/25); Patrick Wynne suggested this form of the root may have been connected to 1969 √UG “dislike” (VT48/32 note #15; PE22/160).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer Q. ulca for “evil”, but I think √OKO “wicked” might coexist with it as variant to salvage other words from that root.

Derivatives

• ✶ulka ✧ VT48/32
  • Q. ulca “evil; dark, gloomy, sinister, evil; dark, gloomy, sinister; [ᴱQ.] bad, wicked, wrong” ✧ PE17/149; VT48/32
  • S. ogol “bad, evil, wrong; gloom(y)” ✧ PE17/149
• Q. ulco “evil”

Element in

• ✶ulka ✧ PE17/149; PE17/188

Variations

• uk ✧ VT48/32 (uk)

um

adjective. bad, evil

balch

adjective. cruel

balch

adjective. cruel

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nwalka “cruel” ✧ Ety/ÑGWAL

Derivations

• ᴹ√(Ñ)GWAL “(suffer) torment, agony” ✧ Ety/ÑGWAL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ÑGWAL > balch	[ŋgwalka] > [mbalka] > [mbalkʰa] > [mbalxa] > [balxa] > [balx]	✧ Ety/ÑGWAL

doll

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

dolt

adjective. dark, dusky, obscure

saer

adjective. bitter

saer

adjective. bitter

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sára “bitter” ✧ Ety/SAG

Derivations

• ᴹ✶sagrā “bitter” ✧ Ety/SAG
  • ᴹ√SAG “*bitter, poison” ✧ Ety/SAG

Element in

• ᴺS. saera- “to urinate”
• ᴺS. saerlin “urine”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶sagrā > saer	[sagrā] > [sagra] > [saɣra] > [saira] > [sair] > [saer]	✧ Ety/SAG

dûr

adjective. dark, sombre

dûr

adjective. dark

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lóna “dark” ✧ Ety/DOƷ

Derivations

• ᴹ√DOƷ “night” ✧ Ety/DOƷ

Element in

• N. Barad-dûr “Dark Tower”
• N. Dureledh “Dark-elf” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
• N. Durion “Dark-elf” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
• N. Durthang
• N. durgul “sorcery”
• N. Magladhûr “Black-sword”
• N. Ennyn Dûr “Gates of Mordor” ✧ WR/113 (Ennyn Dûr)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > dûr	[dōr] > [dūr]	✧ Ety/DOƷ

Variations

• Dûr ✧ WR/113