qualin ("q")adj. "dead" (KWAL, LT1:264)
Quenya
firin
dead
qualin
dead
fir-
die, fade
fir- vb. "die, fade" (cf. fifíru-); aorist (?) fírë "expire"; augmentless perfect fírië, translated "she has breathed forth"(but no explicit element meaning "she" seems to be present) (MR:250, 470, VT43:34)
qual-
verb. die
hessa
dead, withered
hessa adj. "dead, withered" (LT1:255)
la
no, not
la negation "no, not" (see lá); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)
lenweta-
go away, migrate, leave ones abode
lenweta- vb. "go away, migrate, leave ones abode", pa.t. lenwentë (PE17:51)
-na
suffix. slain
A shorter ending -na also occurs, e.g. nahtana "slain" (VT49:24); the example hastaina "marred" would suggest that *nahtaina is equally possible. In the example aistana "blessed" (VT43:30), -na may be preferred to -ina for euphonic reasons, to avoid creating a second diphthong ai where one already occurs in the previous syllable (*aistaina). In PE17:68, the ending -ina is said to be "aorist" (unmarked as regards time and aspect); the same source states that the shorter ending -na is "no longer part of verbal conjugation", though it obviously survives in many words that are maybe now to be considered independent adjectives. See -na #4.
lá
no, not
lá (1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë hé *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.
auta-
go away, leave
auta- (1) vb. "go away, leave" (leave the point of the speaker's thought); old "strong" past tense anwë, usually replaced by vánë, perfect avánië but when the meaning is purely physical "went away (to another place)" rather than "disappear", the past tense oantë, perfect oantië was used. Past participle vanwa "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past and over" (WJ:366)
auta-
verb. go away
nanca
slain
nanca adj. *"slain" (PE17:68); see -na
vanwa
gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past, past and over, gone on the road, over
vanwa adj. "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past, past and over, gone on the road, over" (WJ:366, Nam, RGEO:67, WAN, LT1:264; older wanwa, PE17:143). The word was "not applied to _dead persons _except those who would not return, either because of a special doom (as [in the case of] Men) or because of a special will of their own (as Felagund or Míriel) or a special ban of Mandos (as Feanor)" (PE17:143). Also see avanwa.
vanwa
adjective. gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, [ᴹQ.] gone for good; [ᴱQ.] on the road
Derivations
- √BA(N) “meet, come up against; go (away), meet, come up against; go, [ᴹ√] proceed” ✧ PE17/016
- ✶wanwa “gone, taken away, lost, departed” ✧ PE17/143; PE22/137
- √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/143
Element in
- Q. Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva “House of Past (or Departed) Mirth” ✧ PE17/064; PE21/80
- Q. sí vanwa ná, Rómello vanwa, Valimar! “now lost, lost to those from the east is Valimar!” ✧ LotR/0377; LotR/0377; RGEO/58; RGEO/58
- Q. sí vanwa ná, Rómello vanwa, Valimar! “now lost is, [to one] from the East lost, Valimar!” ✧ RGEO/59; RGEO/59
- ᴺQ. vanwalussë “past tense”
- ᴺQ. vanwë “loss (abstract/general)”
Elements
Word Gloss auta- “to go (away), depart, leave; to disappear, be lost, pass away” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ABA/BA > vanwa [banwa] > [βanwa] > [vanwa] ✧ PE17/016 ✶wanwa > vanwa [wanwa] > [vanwa] ✧ PE17/143 ✶bā̆nwa > vanwa [banwa] > [βanwa] > [vanwa] ✧ PE22/137 Variations
- va-nwa ✧ PE17/068
- Vanwa ✧ PE21/80
- vánwa ✧ RGEO/58; RGEO/58
il-
verb. no, *un-
il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.
ui
no
ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare vá, which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.
hessa
adjective. withered, dead
Derivations
- ᴺ✶. KHES “wither”
firin adj. "dead" (by natural cause) (PHIR).This may obsolete the earlier "Qenya" word firin "ray of the sun" (LT2:341)