tambë

copper

tambë (2) noun "copper" (LT1:250; this is "Qenya"; see urus for a later word for "copper")

tampë

copper

tampë noun "copper" (LT1:268; in LotR-style Quenya tampë is [also?] the past tense of tap- "stop, block")

urus

copper

urus (urust-) noun "copper" (VT41:10)

urus

noun. copper

Cognates

• S. rust “copper” ✧ VT41/10
• T. urus “copper” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

• √RUS “brownish red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• Q. calarus “polished copper” ✧ VT41/10
• Q. lairus “verdigris” ✧ VT41/10
• ᴺQ. urusta “of copper”
• ᴺQ. urustamitta “copper-piece”
• ᴺQ. urustan “copper-smith”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√(u)rus > urus	[urusto] > [urust] > [urus]	✧ VT41/10

Urundil

copper-lover

Urundil masc. name, "copper-lover" (PM:365); this may suggest #urun as one word for "copper", unless this is the ending -ndil "friend, lover" suffixed to #uru- as a reduced form of urus, q.v.

urundil

masculine name. Copper-lover

An early sobriquet of the father of Nerdanel, more widely known than his given name Sarmo (PM/366). This name is a compound of the root √URUN “copper” and the suffix -(n)dil “-friend, -lover”. In later writings, Tolkien changed his given name from Sarmo to Mahtan, so perhaps this sobriquet no longer applied.

aira

red, copper-coloured, ruddy

aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)

carnë

red

carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.

tinco

metal

tinco noun "metal" (TINKŌ), also name of tengwa #1 (Appendix E, there spelt "tinco", but "tinko" in Etym); tincotéma noun "t-series", dental series, first column of the Tengwar system (Appendix E)

tinco

noun. metal

Derivations

• ᴹ√TINKŌ “metal”

Element in

• ᴺQ. tincina “metallic”
• Q. tincotéma “t-series”

carne (carni-)

adjective. red

nasar

red

nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

rauta

metal

rauta noun "metal" [meaning changed by Tolkien from "copper"]. Notice that in the LotR, the word for metal is given as tinco. (RAUTĀ)

tambë

noun. bronze, copper

Derivations

• √TAM “construct, construct; [ᴹ√] knock, [ᴱ√] beat; smelt, forge”

rust

noun. copper

rust

noun. copper

Cognates

• Q. urus “copper” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

• √RUS “brownish red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• S. rustui “copper, copper, *of copper, like copper” ✧ VT41/10

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√(u)rus > rust	[uruste] > [urust] > [urust] > [rust]	✧ VT41/10

rustui

adjective. copper, copper, *of copper, like copper

rustui

adjective. of copper

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

caran

adjective. red

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

caran

adjective. red

Cognates

• Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran

Derivations

• ✶karani “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• ᴺS. amosgarn “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
• S. Caradhras “Redhorn”
• S. caralluin “*red-blue”
• S. Caran-rass “Redhorn” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
• S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ SA/caran; VT41/10
• S. Carcharoth “Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang”
• S. Cardolan “?Red Hill Land”
• S. Carn Dûm “?Red Valley”
• S. Carnen “Redwater”
• ᴺS. melingarn “orange, tawny”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶carani- > caran	[karani] > [karane] > [karan]	✧ VT41/10

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

raud

noun. metal

raud

noun. metal

Element in

• S. Rodëol “metal of Eöl” ✧ WJ/322

ross

adjective. red-haired, copper coloured (especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc.)

galvorn

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** ’alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn*] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)*

mithril

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i** mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium.

rust

copper

rust, pl. ryst (idh ryst) if there is a pl. Possibly also ?urun (pl. yryn if there is a pl.).

rust

copper

pl. ryst (idh ryst) if there is a pl.  Possibly also ?urun (pl. yryn if there is a pl.).

urun

noun. copper

Derivations

• √URUN “copper”

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

ross

polished metal

(glitter), pl. ryss (idh** ryss**). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see

tinc

metal

tinc (i dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud appears with different meanings in later sources (see

tinc

metal

(i** dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud** “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud** appears with different meanings in later sources (see

tinc

eminent

should at least be preferred for clarity).

urus

noun. copper

Cognates

• Q. urus “copper” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

• √RUS “brownish red” ✧ VT41/10

nasar

adjective. red

urun

root. copper

Derivatives

• ᴺS. urun “copper”

Element in

• Q. Urundil “Copper-lover” ✧ PM/366

karani

adjective. red

Derivatives

• Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE22/152
• S. caran “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• ✶Karani-stīrē ✧ VT41/10

Variations

• karanĭ ✧ PE21/81
• karnĭ ✧ PE21/81
• carani- ✧ VT41/10

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

coll

adjective. (golden) red

caran

adjective. red

caran

adjective. red

Changes

• caran → caran “red, blush, red (?part) of face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Element in

• N. Caradras “Redhorn”
• N. Rhascaron “Redhorn”
• N. Carnbeleg “Ruddyhorn”
• N. Bliscarn
• N. Caron-dûn “Red Valley” ✧ RS/419
• N. Rathcarn “Red Way”
• N. Cris-caron “Red Pass” ✧ RS/419

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶karani > caran	[karani] > [karane] > [karan]	✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > cern	[karani] > [karni] > [kerni] > [kern]	✧ EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

• cern ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (cern)
• Caron ✧ RS/419
• caron ✧ RS/419

caron

adjective. red

naru

adjective. red, [fiery] red

Derivations

• ᴹ✶narwā “fiery red” ✧ Ety/NAR¹
  • ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Element in

• N. Narodûm “Red Valley”
• N. Narosîr “Redway”
• N. Nerwing “Red Foaming Waters” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶narwā > narw > naru	[narwā] > [narwa] > [narw] > [naru]	✧ Ety/NAR¹

naru

adjective. red

narw

adjective. red

tinc

noun. metal

tinc

noun. metal

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tinko “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Derivations

• ᴹ√TINKŌ “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Element in

• ᴺS. tingen “metallic”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TINKŌ > tinc	[tiŋko] > [tiŋko] > [tiŋkʰo] > [tiŋxo] > [tiŋx] > [tiŋk]	✧ Ety/TINKŌ

rhaud

noun. metal

rhaud

noun. metal

Cognates

• ᴹQ. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivations

• On. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Element in

• N. Damrod “hammerer of copper” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
• N. Angrod ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
• N. Finrod ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. rauta > rhaud	[rauta] > [rǭta] > [routa] > [rauta] > [raut] > [r̥aut] > [r̥aud]	✧ Ety/RAUTĀ