Quenya 

carnë

red

carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.

carnë

adjective. red, scarlet

Cognates

  • S. caran “red” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran

Derivations

  • karani “red” ✧ PE22/152

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
karani > carne[karani] > [karane] > [karne]✧ PE22/152

Variations

  • carne ✧ PE17/036; PE17/083; PE17/154 (carne); PE22/152
Quenya [PE17/036; PE17/083; PE17/154; PE22/152; PM/353; SA/caran] Group: Eldamo. Published by

car-

make, do, build, form

car- (1) vb. "make, do, build, form" (1st pers. aorist carin "I make, build"; the aorist is listed with all pronominal endings in VT49:16, also in pl. and dual forms carir, carit). Regarding the form carize- (PE17:128), see -s #1. Pa.t. carnë (KAR, PE17:74, 144). The infinitival aorist stem carë ("k") (by Patrick Wynne called a "general aorist infinitive" in VT49:34) occurs in ecë nin carë sa "I can do it" (VT49:34), also in áva carë "don't do it" (WJ:371) and uin carë (PE17:68); in the last example Tolkien calls carë an example of the "simplest aorist infinitive", the same source referring to carië as the "general infinitive" of the same verb. Pl. aorist carir "form" in the phrase i carir quettar ("k") "those who form words" (WJ:391, cf. VT49:16), continuative cára, future caruva (PE17:144), carita ("k"), infinitive/gerund "to do" or "doing" (VT42:33), with suffixes caritas "to do it" or "doing it", caritalya(s) "your doing (it)" in VT41:13,17, VT42:33. Past participle #carna, q.v.; VT43:15 also gives the long form carina ("k"), read perhaps *cárina. (Carima as a passive participle may be a mistake, VT43:15.) PE17:68 refers to a "simple past passive participle" of the form carinwa ("kari-nwa"). "Rare" past participle active (?) cárienwa* ("k") "having done" (PE17:68), unless this is also a kind of passive participle (the wording of the source is unclear). Some alternative forms in Fíriel's Song: past tense cárë ("káre") "made"; this may still be an alternative to the better-attested form carnë (LR:362) even in LotR-style Quenya. Cf. ohtacárë "war-made", made war (see #ohtacar-). Also cárië with various suffixes: cárier ("kárier") is translated "they made"; in LotR-style Quenya this could be seen as an augmentless perfect, hence "they have made", "they" being simply the plural ending -r. The literal meaning of cárielto* ("k") must also be "they made" (cf. -lto). Derived adjectives urcárima and urcarnë "hard to make / do", urucarin "made with difficulty" (PE17:154), saucarya "evil-doing" (PE17:68).

car-

verb. to do, make, to do, make, [ᴹQ.] build

Cognates

  • S. car- “to do, make” ✧ PE17/068; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132
  • T. car- “to do” ✧ WJ/371

Derivations

  • kar- “do, make” ✧ PE17/129; PE22/167
    • KAR “do, make, build, do, make, build, [ᴹ√] construct” ✧ PE18/095

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
karize- > karis-[karise] > [karize] > [karire]✧ PE17/129
✶*karubāni > caruvan(ye)*[karubāni] > [karubān] > [karuβān] > [karuβan] > [karuvan]✧ PE22/167

Variations

  • kar- ✧ PE22/152; VT39/20 (kar-)
Quenya [NM/239; PE17/058; PE17/068; PE17/074; PE17/094; PE17/129; PE17/132; PE17/144; PE22/152; PE22/154; PE22/155; PE22/161; PE22/162; PE22/167; VT39/20; VT41/13; VT41/17; VT42/33; VT42/34; VT43/15; VT43/26; VT49/16; VT49/20; VT49/34; WJ/371; WJ/391] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Orocarni

the red mountains

Orocarni noun "the Red Mountains", place-name: literally rather *"Mountain-Reds": a plural form of carnë "red" with the element oro- "mountain" or "high" prefixed (Silm)

carne (carni-)

adjective. red

Quenya [PE 22:152] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

nasar

red

nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

aira

red, copper-coloured, ruddy

aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)

Sindarin 

caran

adjective. red

Sindarin [Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:36] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

caran

adjective. red

Cognates

  • Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran

Derivations

  • karani “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
carani- > caran[karani] > [karane] > [karan]✧ VT41/10
Sindarin [PE17/036; SA/caran; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

car-

verb. to do, make

Changes

  • cerim(m)idcerim/cerim(m)id ✧ PE17/132
  • cerisccerich ✧ PE17/132
  • ceristcerið(id) ✧ PE17/132
  • ceridcerist ✧ PE17/132

Cognates

  • Q. car- “to do, make, to do, make, [ᴹQ.] build” ✧ PE17/068; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132; PE17/132
  • T. car- “to do”

Derivations

  • kar- “do, make” ✧ WJ/415
    • KAR “do, make, build, do, make, build, [ᴹ√] construct” ✧ PE18/095

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
akāra > agor[akāra] > [akǭra] > [akaura] > [akaur] > [agaur] > [agor]✧ WJ/415

Variations

  • cerim(m)id ✧ PE17/132 (cerim(m)id)
  • cerisc ✧ PE17/132 (cerisc)
  • cerist ✧ PE17/132 (cerist)
  • cerid ✧ PE17/132 (cerid)
Sindarin [PE17/068; PE17/132; PE17/144; PE17/145; PE17/148; PE17/170; PE22/168; VT44/21; VT44/22; VT44/25; VT44/30; VT50/14; VT50/18; VT50/21; VT50/22; WJ/371; WJ/415] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Sindarin [Ety/358, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

Sindarin [PM/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

car

make

1) car- (i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (do, build) (WJ:415), 2) echad- (i echad, in echedir) (fashion, shape), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

Telerin 

car-

verb. to do

Cognates

  • S. car- “to do, make”
  • Q. car- “to do, make, to do, make, [ᴹQ.] build” ✧ WJ/371

Derivations

  • kar- “do, make”
    • KAR “do, make, build, do, make, build, [ᴹ√] construct” ✧ PE18/095

Element in

Variations

  • care ✧ WJ/371

Quendya 

nasar

adjective. red

Primitive elvish

karani

adjective. red

Derivatives

  • Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE22/152
  • S. caran “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

Variations

  • karanĭ ✧ PE21/81
  • karnĭ ✧ PE21/81
  • carani- ✧ VT41/10
Primitive elvish [PE21/81; PE22/152; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

caran

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caran

adjective. red

Changes

  • carancaran “red, blush, red (?part) of face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶karani > caran[karani] > [karane] > [karan]✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > cern[karani] > [karni] > [kerni] > [kern]✧ EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

  • cern ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (cern)
  • Caron ✧ RS/419
  • caron ✧ RS/419
Noldorin [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN; RS/419] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caron

adjective. red

car-

verb. to do, make

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct”

Element in

  • N. ceredir “doer, maker, doer, maker, *crafter (m.)” ✧ Ety/DER
  • N. osgar- “to cut round, amputate” ✧ Ety/OS
Noldorin [Ety/DER; Ety/OS; VT50/22] Group: Eldamo. Published by

naru

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/374, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

naru

adjective. red, [fiery] red

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶narwā “fiery red” ✧ Ety/NAR¹
    • ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶narwā > narw > naru[narwā] > [narwa] > [narw] > [naru]✧ Ety/NAR¹
Noldorin [Ety/NAR¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

narw

adjective. red

Noldorin [Ety/374, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coll

adjective. red, scarlet

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kulda “flame-coloured, golden-red” ✧ Ety/KUL

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶kuldā “red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL
    • ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL
  • ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/KUL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶kuldā > coll[kuldā] > [kulda] > [kulða] > [kolða] > [kolð] > [koll]✧ Ety/KUL

Variations

  • goll ✧ Ety/GUL (goll); EtyAC/GUL (goll)
Noldorin [Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL; EtyAC/GUL; EtyAC/KUL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

coll

adjective. (golden) red

Noldorin [Ety/365] Group: SINDICT. Published by

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

Noldorin [Ety/358, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

karne

adjective. red

Cognates

  • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶karani > karne[karani] > [karane] > [karne]✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > karne[karani] > [karane] > [karne]✧ EtyAC/KARÁN
Qenya [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

arn

adjective. red

A Doriathrin adjective meaning “red” derived from the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR), likely derived from a primitive form such as ✱✶yarna [jarna]. It is a good example of how [[ilk|initial [j] vanished]] in Ilkorin.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Element in

  • Ilk. Aros ✧ Ety/YAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YAR > arn[jarna] > [arna] > [arn] > [arn]✧ Ety/YAR
Doriathrin [Ety/YAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

karan

root. red

This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “red” (Ety/KARÁN), a later iteration of ᴱ√KṚN of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s of the same meaning, but with syllabic (QL/48). Its main Quenya derivative, Q. carnë, retained the same form throughout Tolkien’s life, but its Gnomish forms G. carn(in) “scarlet” and G. crintha “rosy, pink” (GL/25, 27) became N. caran “red” in the 1930s, and retained that form thereafter.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
    • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
    • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹ✶k’rannā “ruddy (of face)” ✧ Ety/KARÁN
    • N. crann “ruddy (of face); face, blush, the cheeks, ruddy (of face); blush, the cheeks, face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹQ. karanya- “to make red, redden”

Element in

Variations

  • KARÁN ✧ Ety/KARÁN; Ety/RAS; Ety/THĒ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KARÁN; Ety/RAS; Ety/THĒ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

karani

adjective. red

Changes

  • kárānikarani ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • N. caran “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

  • kárāni ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (kárāni)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kuldā

adjective. red

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUL “golden-red” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL

Derivatives

  • N. coll “red, scarlet” ✧ Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL

Variations

  • guldā ✧ Ety/GUL (guldā)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GUL; Ety/KUL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

lhaur

adjective. red

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

karne

adjective. red

Changes

  • karneakarnen ✧ PE16/065

Cognates

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KṚN > [kṛn]ı̯ǝ > karne[kṛniǝ] > [kṛni] > [kṛne] > [karne]✧ QL/048

Variations

  • karnea ✧ PE16/065 (karnea)
  • Karne ✧ PE16/077
Early Quenya [MC/214; MC/221; PE15/76; PE16/062; PE16/065; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077; PME/048; QL/048; QL/061; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kara-

verb. to do, make

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶kar- “to make” ✧ PE14/058
    • ᴱ√KARA “do, make”
  • ᴱ√KARA “do, make” ✧ QL/045

Element in

  • Eq. karina “finished” ✧ QL/045
  • Eq. hu·karne ha min “he did it first (i.e. either before anyone else did so, or before he did anything else)” ✧ PE14/084

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶kar > kare[kar-]✧ PE14/058
ᴱ√KARA > karin[kar-]✧ QL/045

Variations

  • kara ✧ PE15/71
  • kar- ✧ QL/045 (kar-)
Early Quenya [PE14/058; PE14/084; PE15/71; QL/045] Group: Eldamo. Published by