nauta

bound, obliged

nauta adj. "bound, obliged" (NUT)

panda

enclosure

panda noun "enclosure" (PAD)

yonwa

fence, border, boundary

yonwa noun "fence, border, boundary" (PE17:43)

hahta

noun. fence

fence, hedge

lanya-

bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of

lanya- (1) vb. "bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of" (VT42:8)

lanya-

verb. to bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of

Cognates

• S. gleina- “to bound, enclose, limit” ✧ VT42/08
• T. glania- “to bound, limit” ✧ VT42/08

Derivations

• √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” ✧ VT42/08

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√(G)LAN > lanya	[lanja-]	✧ VT42/08

Variations

• lanya ✧ VT42/08

tanta-

verb. to bounce, bound, rebound

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. TANTA “bounce”

Element in

• ᴺQ. tantara “bouncing, resilient”

minaxanwa

adjective. enchained, bound, fettered

@@@ from Discord 2022-02-28, < PE ✱mi-nazgā-nwa, compare mirroanwe “embodied/incarnate one” < ✱mi-srawa-nwa-wē

cerin

noun. mound

gleina-

verb. to bound, enclose, limit

This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13

gleina-

verb. to bound, enclose, limit

Cognates

• Q. lanya- “to bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of” ✧ VT42/08

Derivations

• √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” ✧ VT42/08

Element in

• ᴺS. gleinannen “bounded, enclosed, limited”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√(G)LAN > gleina-	[glanja-] > [glania-] > [glenia-] > [gleina-]	✧ VT42/08

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

iath

noun. fence

iath

noun. fence

Element in

• S. Doriath “Land of the Fence” ✧ SA/iâth; SI/Doriath; UTI/Doriath; WJ/370; WJI/Iathrim
• S. Echoriath “Encircling Mountains, (lit.) Encircling Fence” ✧ SA/echor
• S. Iathrim “*People of the Fence” ✧ WJ/378; WJI/Iathrim

Variations

• iâth ✧ SA/iâth; UTI/Doriath
• Iâth ✧ SI/Doriath; WJ/370; WJI/Iathrim

iâth

noun. fence

iâth

noun. fence

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

cail

noun. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes

glenia

bound

(verb) *glenia- (enclose, limit) (i **lenia, in gleniar**) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)

glenia

bound

(enclose, limit) (i ’lenia, in gleniar) (VT42:8; the spelling ”gleina-” in the primary source may be an error)

naud

bound

(adj.) naud, pl. noed

naud

bound

pl. noed

pêl

fence, fenced field

(i bêl, construct pel) (enclosure, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380)

cail

fence

(i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

cerin

circular enclosure

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular raised mound), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

ephel

fence

(pl. ephil)

iâd

noun. fence

iâth

fence

(noun) 1) iâth (construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid. 2) lest (girdle, boundary), pl. list, 3) (outer/encircling fence) ephel (pl. ephil), 4) (with spikes and sharp stakes) cail (i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

iâth

fence

(construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid.

lest

fence

(girdle, boundary), pl. list

thora

fence

(verb) *thora- (the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

thora

fence

(the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

thangail

shield fence

(shield wall). No distinct pl. form? (UT:281)

pêl

enclosure

pêl (i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root __, LR:380).

pêl

enclosure

(i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380).

glania-

verb. to bound, limit

Cognates

• Q. lanya- “to bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of” ✧ VT42/08

Derivations

• √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” ✧ VT42/08

hacta, hatta

noun. fence

fence, hedge

pel

root. fence, border, edge; bound, limit; go round, encircle, fence, border, edge; bound, limit; go round, encircle; [ᴹ√] revolve on fixed point

This root was connected to fences, encirclement and rotation for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as two distinct roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s. The first was ᴱ√PELE “fence in” with derivatives like ᴱQ. pelin “fenced in, pent”, ᴱQ. pelto “hedge, hedged field”, and ᴱQ. pelle “town” (QL/73). It had some clear derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. pel “village”, G. pelu- “fence, enclose”, and G. pless “hedge, fence” (GL/64). The second root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was unglossed ᴱ√PELE with derivatives like ᴱQ. pelko “leg”, ᴱQ. pelte- “run”, and ᴱQ. peltas “pivot” (QL/73), but the “leg” word in the Gnomish Lexicon was unrelated: G. bactha “a leg” (GL/21).

Indeed, in Quenya the “leg” word was also shifted to a new root by The Etymologies of the 1930s: ᴹ√TELEK > ᴹQ. telko “leg” (Ety/TÉLEK). As for the root ᴹ√PEL, it was given the gloss “revolve on fixed point” in The Etymologies and seems to be a blending of 1910s ᴱ√PELE and ᴱ√PELE, with derivatives like ᴹQ. pel- “go round, revolve, return” and ᴹQ. peltas/N. pelthaes “pivot” (Ety/PEL) but also ᴹQ. peler/N. pêl “fenced field” and ᴹQ. opele/N. gobel “walled house or village, town” by way of extended root ᴹ√PEL(ES) (Ety/PEL(ES)).

The root √PEL appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “edge, bound, fence, limit” (PE17/65), “fence, border” (PE17/90) and “go round, encircle” (SA/pel). Tolkien declared that:

> The basic sense should not be “revolve”; but “edge, bound, fence, limit”. Thus [S.] pelennor = fenced land; ephel, Sindarin < eppel < et­pel = “outer wall or fence”; [Q.] peltakse- (peltas) should mean a fence of fixed stakes etc., or a “pale” and fencing stakes; and pelma a border, fringe, edge, limiting device (PE17/65).

Tolkien reassigned the sense “revolve” to the root √KWER. The most notable derivative of the new sense “boundary” for √PEL was Q. pella “beyond”, more literally “beyond the boundary” (PE17/65, 80); this word was likely Tolkien’s motivation for removing the sense “revolve” from √PEL.

Derivatives

• ✶peles “fence, enclosure”
• ✶peles- “to fence round”
• ✶pelo “a bound” ✧ PE17/065
  • Q. pelo “boundary (fence)” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. pel- “to go round, encircle, to go round, encircle; [ᴱQ.] to surround, fence in, pen in; [ᴹQ.] to revolve, return” ✧ SA/pel
• ᴺQ. pelin “fenced in, pent”
• Q. pelma “border, fringe, edge, limiting device, border, fringe, edge, limiting device; [ᴱQ.] pen” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. pelo “boundary (fence)” ✧ PE17/092
• ᴺQ. pelta- “to roll”
• ᴺQ. pepella- “to circulate, orbit”
• ᴺQ. pelë “revolution”
• S. pêl “*fenced field, [N.] fenced field”
• S. Pelennor “Fenced Land” ✧ PE17/065
• ᴺS. pelu- “to fence, enclose”
• ᴺS. pel- “to fence, enclose”

Element in

• ✶et-pel “outer fence” ✧ PE17/065; SA/pel
• ✶peltakse “fence of fixed stakes, a ‘pale’” ✧ PE17/065
• ᴺQ. pelas “along, (lit.) by the boundary of”
• Q. Pelendur “?Servant of the Border”
• Q. pella “beyond (boundary or limit)” ✧ PE17/090
• Q. Pelóri “Mountain Wall, Fencing Heights” ✧ SA/pel
• Q. terpellië “*temptation”
• S. gobel “village, town (enclosure), (walled) village, town (enclosure); [N.] walled house, *manor”
• ᴺS. pela(h) “along, (lit.) by the boundary of”
• S. Pelargir “Garth of Royal Ships” ✧ SA/pel
• S. Pelennor “Fenced Land” ✧ SA/pel

Variations

• PELE ✧ PE17/092; PE17/171
• pel- ✧ SA/pel

tanta

root. bounce

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. tanta- “to bounce, bound, rebound”
• ᴺQ. tantal “shuttle”

tad

root. enclosure

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. tarwa “garden, enclosure”
• ᴺS. tadhos “hawthorn”
• ᴺS. tódhi “paddock”

naud

adjective. bound

naud

adjective. bound

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nauta “bound, obliged” ✧ Ety/NUT

Derivations

• ᴹ√NUT “tie, bind” ✧ Ety/NUT

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NUT > naud	[nauta] > [nǭta] > [nouta] > [nauta] > [naut] > [naud]	✧ Ety/NUT

cerin

noun. mound

gwedh-

verb. to bind

Derivations

• ᴹ√WED “bind” ✧ Ety/WED

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√WED > gwedi	[wed-] > [gwed-] > [gweð-]	✧ Ety/WED

thora-

verb. to fence

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence