al-

verb. to thrive

Derivations

• ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA; EtyAC/GAL(AS)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√GALA > ’al	[gal-] > [ɣal-] > [al-]	✧ Ety/GALA
ᴹ√GAL > al-	[gal-] > [ɣal-] > [al-]	✧ EtyAC/GAL(AS)

Variations

• ’al ✧ Ety/GALA

lala

adverb. no, not

au-

prefix. without

il-

prefix. no, not

Cognates

• N. al- “no, not” ✧ Ety/LA

Derivations

• ᴹ✶la- “no, not, negative prefix” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA
  • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA

Element in

• ᴹQ. ilfirin “immortal”
• ᴹQ. Ilkorin “Not of Kôr” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA (Ilkorin)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶la- > il	[ḷ-] > [il-]	✧ Ety/LA
ᴹ✶la > lǝ > ḷ > il	[ḷ-] > [il-]	✧ EtyAC/LA

Variations

• il ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA (il)

lá

adverb. no, not

Derivations

• ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA

Element in

• ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·túlie ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·utúliévane ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú “if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. [[mq|laqe[t]-]] “[unglossed]”
• ᴹQ. lau(me) “no, no indeed not, on the contrary” ✧ Ety/LA
• ᴹQ. nila tyaze matie makse “I do not like eating meat” ✧ PE22/120
• ᴹQ. níla tyaze matite sí “I don’t like eating (to eat) it now” ✧ PE22/120
• ᴹQ. ni·la nyára pa matie “I am not talking about eating” ✧ PE22/119

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LA > lá	[lā]	✧ Ety/LA

Variations

• lá ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA (lá)
• lala ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA (lala)
• la ✧ PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/122

yo

conjunction. and

Derivations

• ᴹ✶yu
  • ᴹ√YŪ “two, both”

Element in

• ᴹQ. lairesse nihare to tarassi, yu unta hrívesse landannar “in the summer I live in [i.e. on] the hills [as a rule], and come down to the plains in the winter” ✧ PE22/125
• ᴹQ. Sinome nimaruva, yo hildinyar tenn’ Ambar-metta “Here will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world” ✧ SD/056

Variations

• yu ✧ PE22/125

yu

conjunction. and

ava-

prefix. without

Derivations

• ᴹ√AWA “away, forth; out” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA

Element in

• ᴺQ. avamarwa “homeless”
• ᴹQ. avanóte “without number, numberless” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA
• ᴹQ. avaqet- “to refuse, forbid”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√AWA > ava-	[awa-] > [ava-]	✧ Ety/AWA

Variations

• au- ✧ Ety/AWA