Quenya 

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

rauta

metal

rauta noun "metal" [meaning changed by Tolkien from "copper"]. Notice that in the LotR, the word for metal is given as tinco. (RAUTĀ)

tinco

metal

tinco noun "metal" (TINKŌ), also name of tengwa #1 (Appendix E, there spelt "tinco", but "tinko" in Etym); tincotéma noun "t-series", dental series, first column of the Tengwar system (Appendix E)

tinco

noun. metal

Derivations

Element in

Quenya [LotR/1122; PE17/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

-rod

suffix. -rod

suff.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:118] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Sindarin [PM/363, VT/41:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:49] < _(a)rātā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _arāta_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < *_arāta_ < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Cognates

  • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/186
  • T. aráta “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PE17/039; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

  • S. Arodreth “Noble Endurance” ✧ PE17/182
  • S. Arothir “Noble Lord”
  • S. Finrod ✧ VT41/09
  • S. Thinrod “noble member of the Thindrim” ✧ VT41/09

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
arātā > arod[arātā] > [arāta] > [arǭta] > [arauta] > [araut] > [araud] > [arod]✧ PM/363
Sindarin [PE17/039; PE17/049; PE17/147; PE17/182; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

grod

noun. large excavation, delving, underground dwelling

raud

noun. metal

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Generalized from OS *rauta "copper". Group: SINDICT. Published by

raud

noun. metal

Element in

  • S. Rodëol “metal of Eöl” ✧ WJ/322

raud

adjective. noble, eminent; lofty, high, tall; excellent

Cognates

  • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/147

Derivations

  • rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/186
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

  • S. Amrod “*High and Lofty”
  • S. Angrod “*Iron Champion”
  • S. Rodwen “High Virgin Noble”
  • S. Finrod ✧ PE17/049
  • S. rodel “lady, high lady” ✧ PE17/049
  • S. Rodnor
  • S. Rodon “Vala” ✧ PE17/118; PE17/186

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
(a)rātā > raud[rātā] > [rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]✧ PE17/049
(a)rā́tā > raud[rātā] > [rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]✧ PE17/118
rāta > raud[rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]✧ PE17/186

Variations

  • raud ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/147; PE17/186
Sindarin [PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/147; PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

groth

noun. large excavation, delving, underground dwelling, large excavation, delving, underground dwelling; [N.] cave, tunnel, [G.] grot

A noun for a large excavation (WJ/415) or a cave or tunnel (EtyAC/ROT) with variants groth and grod, the former seen in names like Menegroth “Thousand Caves” and the latter in names like Novrod “Hollow-delving” (later Nogrod “Dwarf-delving”). It was derived from strengthened forms ✶grottā or grotā of the root √ROT (WJ/414-415).

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was (archaic) G. †roth “cave, grot” from the early root ᴱ√roto (GL/65); this root was glossed “hollow” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/80). Both strengthened and unstrengthened variants N. groth and roth “cave, tunnel” appeared under the root ᴹ√ROT “bore, tunnel”, a late entry to The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/ROT). Suffixal forms -roth, -rod were mentioned in passing in Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as derivatives of √ROT “cave” in connection to the name S. Nimrodel (PE17/49).

A fairly lengthy discussion of these words appeared in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (WJ/414-415), where Tolkien gave the root form as √groto “dig, excavate, tunnel” contrasted with √rono “arch over, roof in”. Tolkien also compared groth/grod to S. rond “vaulted or roofed chamber”, only the latter of which “could be applied both to natural and to artificial structures”. Of the two Tolkien said:

> Though distinct in origin the derivatives of ✱groto and ✱rono naturally came into contact, since they were not dissimilar in shape, and a ✱rondō was usually made by excavation. Thus S groth < ✱grottā (an intensified form of grod < ✱grotā) “a large excavation” might well apply to a rond. Menegroth means “the Thousand Caves or Delvings”, but it contained one great rond and many minor ones (WJ/415).

Neo-Sindarin: Despite Tolkien’s comments in the Quendi and Eldar essay, there are some cases where grod/groth seems to apply to natural caves as well as excavated ones, such as Nimrodel “Lady of the White Cave” and Androth “✱Long Cave”. As such, I would use it for both natural and excavated caverns.

Cognates

  • Q. rotto “small grot, tunnel, tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave”

Derivations

  • ROT “cave; delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow, delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow; [√]cave” ✧ PE17/049
  • grottā “(large) excavation, underground dwelling” ✧ WJ/414; WJ/415; WJ/415
    • ROT “cave; delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow, delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow; [√]cave” ✧ VT39/09; WJ/414; WJ/415

Element in

  • S. Androth “*Long Cave”
  • S. Menegroth “Thousand Caves” ✧ SA/groth; WJ/415
  • S. Nimrodel “Lady of the White Cave” ✧ PE17/049; SA/groth
  • S. Nogrod “Hollowbold; (lit.) Hollow-delving, (later) Dwarf-delving” ✧ SA/groth; SA/naug
  • north S. Novrod “Hollowbold” ✧ SA/groth; WJ/414; WJ/414

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ROT > -roth/rod[-rottā] > [-rotta] > [-rottʰa] > [-roθθa] > [-roθθ] > [-roθ]✧ PE17/049
(g)rotā > grod[grotā] > [grota] > [grot] > [grod]✧ WJ/414
grottā > groth[grottā] > [grotta] > [grottʰa] > [groθθa] > [groθθ] > [groθ]✧ WJ/415

Variations

  • grod ✧ SA/groth; WJ/414; WJ/415
Sindarin [PE17/049; SA/groth; SA/naug; WJ/414; WJ/415] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

Sindarin [Arthedain LotR] Q arta or OS *artʰa, CE *arâtâ. Group: SINDICT. Published by

arphen

noun. a noble

Sindarin [WJ/376] ar-+pen. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinc

metal

tinc (i dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud appears with different meanings in later sources (see

tinc

metal

(i** dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud**metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud** appears with different meanings in later sources (see

tinc

eminent

should at least be preferred for clarity).

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

ross

polished metal

(glitter), pl. ryss (idh** ryss**). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

groth

large excavation

groth (i **roth) (cave, delving), pl. gryth (in gryth**)

groth

large excavation

groth (i **roth) (cave, delving), pl. gryth (in gryth**);

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

galvorn

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** ’alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn*] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)*

mithril

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i** mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium.

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

Telerin 

aráta

adjective. noble

Cognates

  • S. arod “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PM/363
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

Variations

  • arāta ✧ PM/363

Noldorin 

rhaud

noun. metal

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Generalized from OS *rauta "copper". Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhaud

noun. metal

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivations

  • On. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
    • ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Element in

  • N. Damrod “hammerer of copper” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • N. Angrod ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • N. Finrod ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. rauta > rhaud[rauta] > [rǭta] > [routa] > [rauta] > [raut] > [r̥aut] > [r̥aud]✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
Noldorin [Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tinc

noun. metal

Noldorin [Ety/394] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinc

noun. metal

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tinko “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TINKŌ “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TINKŌ > tinc[tiŋko] > [tiŋko] > [tiŋkʰo] > [tiŋxo] > [tiŋx] > [tiŋk]✧ Ety/TINKŌ
Noldorin [Ety/TINKŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

rauta

noun. metal

Cognates

  • On. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • N. rhaud “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Nambarauto “Hammerer of Copper” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAUTĀ > rauta[rautā] > [rauta]✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

tinko

noun. metal

Cognates

  • N. tinc “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TINKŌ “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TINKŌ > tinko[tiŋkō] > [tiŋko]✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Variations

  • tiñko ✧ PE22/050
Qenya [Ety/TINKŌ; PE22/022; PE22/050; PE22/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

rauta

noun. metal

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivatives

  • N. rhaud “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAUTĀ > rauta[rautā] > [rauta]✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
Old Noldorin [Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

rauta

root. metal

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s, first glossed “copper” and then “metal”, with derivatives ᴹQ. rauta/N. rhaud “metal” and serving mainly to explain names like N. Angrod and N. Finrod (Ety/RAUTĀ). It might have reappeared in the name S. Rodëol “metal of Eöl” from later Silmarillion drafts (WJ/322), but by 1957 Tolkien was explaining the final element of S. Finrod as S. raud “noble” (PE17/49, 118), so I think it is likely that ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” was abandoned.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d use Q. tinco (LotR/1122) and its cognate [N.] tinc (Ety/TINKŌ) for “metal” words. For “copper” I'd use derivatives of √(U)RUS (VT41/10).

Changes

  • RAUTĀRAUTĀ “copper” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • On. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
    • N. rhaud “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Element in

Variations

  • RAUTĀ ✧ Ety/NDAM; Ety/PHIN; Ety/RAUTĀ; Ety/RAUTĀ (RAUTĀ)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NDAM; Ety/PHIN; Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tinkō

root. metal

The “root” ᴹ√TINKŌ (more likely just a primitive word) appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “metal” and derivatives like ᴹQ. tinko/N. tinc of the same meaning (Ety/TINKŌ). The reappearance of Q. tinco “metal” in The Lord of the Rings appendices (LotR/1122) strongly indicates its ongoing validity.

ᴹ√TINKŌ may have replaced the root ᴱ√SINI “pale blue” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. sink “mineral, gem, metal” and G. sinc “metal” (QL/83; GL/67); these early mineral words were originally attributed to ᴱ√SṆT͡YṆ “twinkle” before they were transferred to ᴱ√SINI, leaving only derivatives like ᴱQ. sintl “crystal” and ᴱQ. sinty- “sparkle” under ᴱ√SṆT͡YṆ (QL/85). However, in notes from the late 1960s Tolkien had primitive ✶sinki as an element ✶sinkitamo, the basis for Q. sintamo “smith” (PE17/108). Likewise there is evidence of the earlier root in Q. sinca “flint” as in Q. sincahonda “flint-hearted” (LotR/979), initially given as ᴹQ. tingahondo in Lord of the Rings drafts (SD/68).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would definitely use ✶tink- = “metal”, but I think it is worth keeping ✶sinki = “✱mineral = any inorganic solid including both stone and metal” as a variant.

Derivatives

  • Q. tinco “metal”
  • ᴹQ. tinko “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ
  • N. tinc “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TINKŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

mandra

adjective. noble

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MANA “*good (moral)”
Gnomish [GL/56; LT1A/Mánir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinc

noun. metal

A noun from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as G. sinc “metal” (GL/67), clearly the cognate of ᴱQ. sink “mineral, gem, metal” from the root ᴱ√SINI (QL/83).

Neo-Sindarin: I would retain this word for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, but would revise its sense to ᴺS. sinc “mineral”, derived from the primitive form ✶sinki (PE17/108) which may itself mean “✱mineral”; see that entry for discussion. I would use N. tinc for “metal”.

Cognates

  • Eq. sink “mineral, gem, metal”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SINI “pale blue‽”

Element in

  • G. sincli “crystal” ✧ GL/67

Early Noldorin

-rod

suffix. abstract nom[inals]

Changes

  • -rod-rod “-less” ✧ PE13/152
Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by