inyë

i, too

inyë emphatic independent 1st person sg. pronoun, "I" with emphasis, translated "I, too" in LR:61 (and, according to one reading of Tolkiens manuscript, in VT49:49).

-n(yë)

suffix. I

Derivations

• ✶ni “I, me” ✧ VT49/50

Element in

• Q. Mettanyë “?I End”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ni > -n	[-ne] > [-n]	✧ VT49/50

Variations

• -n(ye) ✧ PE17/057; PE17/190
• -nye ✧ PE17/075; PE17/075; PE22/161; VT49/16; VT49/48; VT49/51
• -n ✧ PE17/075; PE17/075; VT49/16; VT49/48; VT49/51

-n

suffix. I

ónen

noun. I gave

Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49

ónen

suffix. I gave

v. pa.t. & pron. suff. I gave. ónen i·Estel Edain 'I gave the "Hope" (to) Men'.

avo

verb. don't!

Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro

avon

verb. I won't

anna-

verb. to give, †add to

Cognates

• Q. anta- “to give, present; †to add to” ✧ PE17/093; PE17/147

Derivations

• √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/091; PE17/146
• ✶antā- “to give, cause a thing/person to go to an object, send, to give, cause a thing/person to go to an object, send, [ᴹ✶] present” ✧ PE17/093
  • √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/091; PE22/163

Element in

• ᴺS. anneth “(act of) giving”
• S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/27
• ᴺS. dananna- “to give back, return [something]”
• ᴺS. edanna- “to publish, (lit.) out-give”
• ᴺS. istanna- “to teach, lecture, explain, (lit.) give knowledge”
• S. ón annin “*he gave (it) to me” ✧ PE17/147
• S. ónen i-Estel Edain “I gave Hope to the Dúnedain” ✧ LotR/1061; PE17/117
• S. oneth “*giving”
• S. suilanna- “to greet, *give greeting”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ANA > antha- > anha-	[anta-] > [antʰa-] > [anθa-] > [anna-]	✧ PE17/091
✶ānē- > ōn-	[ānē] > [āne] > [ǭne] > [ōne] > [ōn]	✧ PE17/093
√ANA/NĀ > anta-	[anta-] > [antʰa-] > [anθa-] > [anta-]	✧ PE17/146

Variations

• anha- ✧ PE17/093
• anta- ✧ PE17/147

lôd

verb. (he) floats

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

Lossoth

noun. the Snowmen

anglennatha

verb. (he) will approach

lammas

noun. account of tongues

anha-

verb. to give

noro

verb. run! ride!

Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

anfangrim

noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)

cuio

verb. live!

pêd

verb. (he) says

rochirrim

noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan

dagorath

noun. all the battles

drúwaith

noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)

galadhad

noun. the Two Trees of Valinor

lâf

verb. (he) licks

rammas

noun. (great) wall

falathrim

noun. people of the Falas

im

pronoun. I

In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").

im

i

but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”

nin

i

”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.

ni

pronoun. I

Cognates

• Q. ni “me, I”

Derivations

• ✶ni “I, me”

han-

verb. to give

Derivations

• √HAN “add to, increase, enhance, enrich, honour (especially by gift); give” ✧ PE22/163

anna-

verb. to give

Cognates

• ᴹQ. anta- “to give” ✧ Ety/ANA¹

Derivations

• ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards” ✧ Ety/ANA¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ANA¹ > anno	[anta-] > [antʰa-] > [anθa-] > [anna-]	✧ Ety/ANA¹

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

síla

verb. (he) shines white

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

thia

verb. it appears

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

im

pronoun. I

Element in

• N. im Narvi hain echant “I Narvi made them” ✧ TI/182