yar

to whom

yar inflected relative pronoun "to whom" (MC:215; this may be "Qenya", but on the other hand both the relative pronoun ya and an allativic ending -r are still valid in Tolkien's later Quenya, cf. mir "into". Later versions of the text in question however use yan [q.v.], with the common dative ending -n.) Likely, yar could also be the plural form of the relative pronoun ya, q.v.

yár

blood

yár (yar-, as in dat.sg. yaren) noun "blood"_ (YAR; the Silmarillion appendix gives _sercë instead. According to VT46:22, Tolkien introduced yór_ as a replacement form in the Etymologies itself.)_

ya

which, what

ya (1) relative pronoun "which, what" (attested in VT43:28, 34 and in the Arctic sentence), with locative suffix in Namárië: see #yassë. According to VT47:21, ya is impersonal, "which" rather than "who(m)" (compare the personal form ye). The dative form yan (q.v.) is however used for "to whom" (rather than "to which") in one text, indicating that Tolkien did not always distinguish between personal and impersonal forms. In the phrase lúmessë ya [variant: yá**] firuvammë, "in [the] hour that we shall die", the relative pronoun is not explicitly marked for case and is evidently understood to share the case of the preceding noun (hence not lúmessë yassë**... "in [the] hour in which"...) (VT43:27-28) Presumably, ya has the plural form *yar* (e.g. i nati yar hirnen** "the things that/which I found").

yarra-

growl, snarl

yarra- noun "growl, snarl" (stem used as participle in Markirya, translated "snarling")

yór

blood

yór noun "blood"; see yár (VT46:22)

sercë

blood

sercë ("k")noun "blood" _(SA:sereg, PE17:184; the Etymologies gives _yár as the Quenya word for "blood")

sercë

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It appeared as an element in the word serkilixa “blood-thirsty” from 1968 (NM/176), indicating a stem form of serci-.

Cognates

• S. sereg “blood” ✧ PE17/184; SA/sereg

Derivations

• √SEREK “blood” ✧ PE17/184

Element in

• Q. sercilixa “blood-thirsty”
• ᴺQ. serciril “ruby, (lit.) blood-glitter”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SEREK > serke	[sereki] > [sereke] > [serke]	✧ PE17/184

Variations

• serke ✧ PE17/184; SA/sereg

agar

noun. blood

agar

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing as an element in the name Agarwaen (S/210). It’s later etymology is unclear.

Conceptual Development: An earlier iteration of the name was N. {Iarvael >>} N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the element was N. iâr “blood” from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Noldorin form to iûr (EtyAC/YAR). This seems to be transient idea, since the name Iarwaeth “Bloodstained” appeared in the Grey Annals from the early 1950s (WJ/83) before ultimately being replaced by Agarwaen (WJ/142).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d stick to the better-described sereg for “blood”.

Element in

• S. Agarwaen “Blood-stained” ✧ S/210

sereg

noun. blood

sereg

noun. blood

n. blood. Q. serke. >> seregorn

sereg

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It was an element in the name seregon “blood of stone”, the name of a red plant (S/203; UT/148).

Cognates

• Q. sercë “blood” ✧ PE17/184; SA/sereg

Derivations

• √SEREK “blood” ✧ PE17/184

Element in

• S. seregon “stonecrop, plant with red flowers, (lit.) blood of stone” ✧ SA/sereg

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SEREK > sereg	[sereke] > [serek] > [sereg]	✧ PE17/184

agarwaen

bloodstained

(agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ”

iûr

blood

iûr (construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare: BLOODSTAINED agarwaen (agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ””, see STONECROP

iûr

blood

(construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare:

sereg

blood

1) sereg (i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. (Silm App, entry sereg.) 2)

sereg

blood

(i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. *(Silm App, entry sereg.)*

okhor

noun. blood

Derivations

• √KHOM “heart (physical organ)”

serek

root. blood

A root in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 given as the basis for the “blood” words Q. serke and S. sereg as well as the flower name S. seregon “blood of stone” (PE17/184), a flower name that also appeared (untranslated) in The Silmarillion (S/203). It may replace the root ᴹ√YAR “blood” from The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. yár and N. iâr of the same meaning, the later an element in the surname of Túrin: N. Iarwath “Blood-stain” (Ety/YAR). In later Silmarillion drafts, it became Iarwaeth (WJ/83) and then S. Agarwaen “Blood-stained”, the form it took in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/210). The etymology of S. agar- “blood” is unclear.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d stick to √SEREK = “blood”.

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. serca- “to bleed”
• Q. sercë “blood” ✧ PE17/184
• S. sereg “blood” ✧ PE17/184

Variations

• SEREK- ✧ PE17/145

iâr

noun. blood

iâr

noun. blood

Changes

• iâr → iûr “blood” ✧ EtyAC/YAR

Cognates

• ᴹQ. yár “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√YAR “blood” ✧ Ety/YAR; EtyAC/YAR

Element in

• N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” ✧ Ety/YAR
• N. Iaros ✧ Ety/YAR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√YAR > iâr	[jār]	✧ Ety/YAR
ᴹ√YOR > iûr	[jōr] > [jūr]	✧ EtyAC/YAR

Variations

• iûr ✧ EtyAC/YAR