yar

to whom

yar inflected relative pronoun "to whom" (MC:215; this may be "Qenya", but on the other hand both the relative pronoun ya and an allativic ending -r are still valid in Tolkien's later Quenya, cf. mir "into". Later versions of the text in question however use yan [q.v.], with the common dative ending -n.) Likely, yar could also be the plural form of the relative pronoun ya, q.v.

yár

blood

yár (yar-, as in dat.sg. yaren) noun "blood"_ (YAR; the Silmarillion appendix gives _sercë instead. According to VT46:22, Tolkien introduced yór_ as a replacement form in the Etymologies itself.)_

ya

which, what

ya (1) relative pronoun "which, what" (attested in VT43:28, 34 and in the Arctic sentence), with locative suffix in Namárië: see #yassë. According to VT47:21, ya is impersonal, "which" rather than "who(m)" (compare the personal form ye). The dative form yan (q.v.) is however used for "to whom" (rather than "to which") in one text, indicating that Tolkien did not always distinguish between personal and impersonal forms. In the phrase lúmessë ya [variant: yá**] firuvammë, "in [the] hour that we shall die", the relative pronoun is not explicitly marked for case and is evidently understood to share the case of the preceding noun (hence not lúmessë yassë**... "in [the] hour in which"...) (VT43:27-28) Presumably, ya has the plural form *yar* (e.g. i nati yar hirnen** "the things that/which I found").

yarra-

growl, snarl

yarra- noun "growl, snarl" (stem used as participle in Markirya, translated "snarling")

yaru

gloom, blight

yaru noun "gloom, blight" (GL:37)

yarra-

verb. to growl, snarl

yára

adjective. old, ancient, old, ancient, [ᴹQ.] belonging to or descending from former times

yarra

noun. growl, snarl

yarië

noun. antiquity

yaro

adverb. that is the reason why

ranga

yard, full pace

ranga (pl. rangar is attested) noun "yard, full pace". This Númenórean linar measure was "slightly longer than our yard, approximately 38 inches [= 96.5 cm]". (UT:285, 461)

ranga

noun. yard, full pace

santa

noun. garden, field, yard; apportioned/designated space

A neologism coined by Röandil on 2023-02-24 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) inspired by S. sant “garden, field, yard” (VT42/20). He also proposed the following idiom: santa-[personal possessive X]-sse “for [X]’s part; as far as [X] is concerned; from [X]’s point of view; as comes from/is done by [X]” (lit. “in [X]’s garden”). Personally I prefer to retain ᴱQ. tarwa for “garden”.

röa

noun. dog

A word for “dog” appearing in 1968 notes on monosyllabic primitive Elvish nouns (VT47/35). Of the primitive forms, Tolkien first gave ✶wā(w) “dog” and ✶grā “bear”, but ✶wā(w) was struck through and the gloss of ✶grā was changed to “dog”, after which Tolkien wrote Q. roa “dog” (VT47/36). He seems to have been disatisfied with this derivation, however, going on to write a number of primitive animal roots in the upper margin, including ✶yarr- “dog”.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. roa “a wild beast” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶raw̯a under the early root ᴱ√RAVA or ᴱ√RAẆA (QL/79).

Neo-Quenya: Giving Tolkien’s vacillations on these 1968 forms, I’d stick to the better known ᴹQ. huo as the common word for “dog” in (Neo) Quenya, which is the word used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

aira

old

aira (3) adj. "old" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

ciryando

sailor

ciryando ("k")noun "sailor" (PE17:58).

ciryando

noun. sailor

A word for a “sailor” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/58), a combination of cirya “ship” with the (masculine) agental suffix -ndo.

enta

that yonder

enta demonstrative "that yonder" (EN). In VT47:15, enta is defined as "another, one more" (but it may seem that Tolkien also considered the word exë for this meaning).

enwina

old

enwina adj. "old" (Markirya)

enwina

adjective. old

huo

dog

huo noun "dog" (KHUG, see KHUGAN; cf. hú, huan). Also roa.

linyenwa

old, having many years

linyenwa adj. "old, having many years" (YEN)

lumbë

gloom, shadow

lumbë noun "gloom, shadow" (LUM)

panda

enclosure

panda noun "enclosure" (PAD)

roa

dog

roa noun "dog" (VT47:35). Also huo.

sercë

blood

sercë ("k")noun "blood" _(SA:sereg, PE17:184; the Etymologies gives _yár as the Quenya word for "blood")

sercë

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It appeared as an element in the word serkilixa “blood-thirsty” from 1968 (NM/176), indicating a stem form of serci-.

tarwa

garden, enclosure

tarwa noun "garden, enclosure" (QL:87)

yerna

old, worn

yerna adj. "old, worn" (GYER)

yór

blood

yór noun "blood"; see yár (VT46:22)

yalta

noun. yoke

yarr-

noun. dog, dog; *growl, snarl

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave the root ᴱ√YAPA “snarl, snap, bark ill-temperedly” (QL/105). It had no derivatives in QL, but in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon the words G. gab- “bark, bay (of dogs)” and G. gôbi “a large hound” were clearly related (GL/36). There were no similar forms for many years, but then primitive ✶yarr- “dog” appeared in notes from 1968 (VT47/36). This later primitive was likely related to Q. yarra- “growl, snarl” from the Q. Markirya poem of this same period (MC/223), perhaps from a root ✱√YAR.

ya

pronoun. relative pronoun

serek

root. blood

A root in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 given as the basis for the “blood” words Q. serke and S. sereg as well as the flower name S. seregon “blood of stone” (PE17/184), a flower name that also appeared (untranslated) in The Silmarillion (S/203). It may replace the root ᴹ√YAR “blood” from The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. yár and N. iâr of the same meaning, the later an element in the surname of Túrin: N. Iarwath “Blood-stain” (Ety/YAR). In later Silmarillion drafts, it became Iarwaeth (WJ/83) and then S. Agarwaen “Blood-stained”, the form it took in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/210). The etymology of S. agar- “blood” is unclear.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d stick to √SEREK = “blood”.

grawa

noun. dog

okhor

noun. blood

wā(w)

noun. dog

tad

root. enclosure

yalta

root. yoke

sant

noun. garden, field, yard

A word appearing in The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, which meant “a garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership, whether enclosed or not” (VT42/20). It was derived from √SAT “place, space” (VT42/19).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tand {“fence, border, bound” >>} “enclosure, garden” based on the early root ᴱ√tadh- (GL/68).

sant

noun. garden, field, yard (or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not)

agar

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing as an element in the name Agarwaen (S/210). It’s later etymology is unclear.

Conceptual Development: An earlier iteration of the name was N. {Iarvael >>} N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the element was N. iâr “blood” from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Noldorin form to iûr (EtyAC/YAR). This seems to be transient idea, since the name Iarwaeth “Bloodstained” appeared in the Grey Annals from the early 1950s (WJ/83) before ultimately being replaced by Agarwaen (WJ/142).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d stick to the better-described sereg for “blood”.

sant

yard

sant (i hant, o sant) (field, garden, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20), coll. pl. sannath

sant

yard

(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20), coll. pl. sannath

sant

garden

sant (i hant, o sant) (field, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

sant

garden

(i hant, o sant) (field, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

cirion

sailor

cirion (i girion) (shipman), pl. ciryn (i chíryn), coll. pl. cirionnath.

daw

gloom

1) daw (i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath; 2) dim (i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”. 3) fuin (darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 4) maur (i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)

hû

dog

hû (i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

iant

yoke

iant (bridge), pl. iaint, coll. pl. iannath

iaur

old

1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

iûr

blood

iûr (construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare: BLOODSTAINED agarwaen (agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ””, see STONECROP

pêl

enclosure

pêl (i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root __, LR:380).

sereg

blood

1) sereg (i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. (Silm App, entry sereg.) 2)

agar

noun. blood

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

cerin

noun. mound

ianu

noun. (?) yoke

It originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant

iaur

adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden

sereg

noun. blood

sereg

noun. blood

n. blood. Q. serke. >> seregorn

sereg

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It was an element in the name seregon “blood of stone”, the name of a red plant (S/203; UT/148).

agarwaen

bloodstained

(agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ”

brûn

elder, eldest

(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

cerin

circular enclosure

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular raised mound), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

cirion

sailor

(i girion) (shipman), pl. ciryn (i chíryn), coll. pl. cirionnath.

daw

gloom

(i dhaw) (nighttime), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath

dim

gloom

(i dhim) (sadness), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nim). Note: a homophone means ”stair”.

fuin

gloom

(darkness, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.

hû

dog

(i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

ialt

noun. yoke

iant

yoke

(bridge), pl. iaint, coll. pl. iannath

iaur

old

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare

iphant

full of years

(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.

iûr

blood

(construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare:

maur

gloom

(i vaur), pl. moer (i moer) (VT45:35)

pêl

enclosure

(i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380).

sereg

blood

(i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. *(Silm App, entry sereg.)*

iâr

noun. blood

brûn

adjective. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use

hû

noun. dog

iâr

noun. blood

maur

noun. gloom

maur

noun. gloom

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “gloom” appearing under the root ᴹ√MOR (Ety/MOR). A nearby primitive form ᴹ✶mǭri is the likely basis for this word as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/MOR), where the primitive ǭ became au as was the usual sound change in both Noldorin and later Sindarin (PE18/46, 96).

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

cerin

noun. mound

hû

noun. dog

iant

noun. yoke

The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. iant “yoke” derived from primitive ᴹ✶yantā under the root ᴹ√YAT “join” (Ety/YAT). Deleted forms iad and [?]iannas were written immediately after it (EtyAC/YAT). In Tolkien’s later writings S. iant was translated as “bridge” (SA/iant; SD/129; WJ/333), as opposed to N. ianw “bridge” from The Etymologies (Ety/YAT).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s had G. galt “yoke” with cognate ᴱQ. yalte (GL/37), which was probably derived from the early root ᴱ√YḶTḶ from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon which also had ᴱQ. yalta “yoke” as a derivative (QL/106). In Gnomish of the 1910s ancient initial y became g, which explains G. galt vs. ᴱQ. yalta.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would revise G. galt to ᴺS. ialt “yoke” as a cognate to ᴺQ. yalta, since S. iant is used for “bridge”.

ianw

noun. (?) yoke

It originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant

ingem

adjective. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age)

New word coined by the Elves after meeting with Men

ogol < ogl

gloom

n/adj gloom, gloomy

dâur

noun. gloom

A noun translated as “gloom” derived from the root √DAWAR (SD/423). It is an example of how primitive [[ad|[w] and [j] became [u] and [i] before consonants and finally]], thereby producing diphthongs.

raba

noun. dog

A noun translated “dog” and fully declined as an example of a Strong II noun (SD/437). It is also used as an example of a common-noun that can be altered to masculine and feminine forms rabô “male dog” and rabê “bitch” (SD/434).

fuinë

noun. gloom